Genetic diversity analysis among pre-green revolution, post-green revolution era cultivars, and wheat landraces as revealed by microsatellite markers

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most widely grown crop in the world, and India is the second largest wheat producer after China. Introduction of input-responsive, semi-dwarf varieties set the foundation for the green revolution in the mid-1960s. To meet the future challenge of increasing food production with a shrinking land base, new varieties with higher yield potential and increased yield stability have to be developed by using the diverse genetic resource. The objective of this study was to evaluate genetic diversity in 74 wheat genotypes including released varieties in India occupying the pre-green revolution period (before 1965) and post-green revolution period (after 1965) and land races with microsatellite markers. SSRs represent a powerful tool to quantify genetic diversity in wheat. In total, 170 alleles were detected with an average of 3.3 alleles per locus. Overall, 24 rare alleles were present and 11 unique alleles were found in the studied landraces only. A positive correlation was found between the number of alleles and genetic diversity. Genetic relationships as determined by UPGMA (NTSYS-pc) and structure analyses grouped all modern wheat cultivars under one node. The traditional tall varieties released during the pre-green revolution era were clustered along with some of the landraces, indicating that they had possibly been developed through selection among the landraces. Diversity among the released varieties in the post-green revolution era has widened rather than narrowing down. Molecular variance analysis showed that variance was mainly distributed within (91.9%) rather than among (8.01%) the bread wheat varieties and landraces. The diversity obtained within the landraces proves them to be an important reservoir of biodiversity and source of novel alleles for use in breeding programs. Landraces such as MPG 62 and MPG 82 can be used for introgressing rare and unique alleles in the genetic background of high-yielding varieties.

Download Full-text

Molecular characterization and genetic diversity in some Egyptian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using microsatellite markers

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.5219/978 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 100-108

Author(s):

Ayman El-Fiki ◽

Mohamed Adly

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Polymorphic Information Content ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Cereal Crop ◽

Font Size ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Marker Index

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important and strategic cereal crop in Egypt and has many bread wheat varieties. Seventeen Egyptian bread wheat varieties used in this study with a set of sixteen wheat microsatellite markers to examine their utility in detecting DNA polymorphism, estimating genetic diversity and identifying genotypes. A total of 190 alleles were detected at 16 loci using 16 microsatellite primer pairs. The number of allele per locus ranged from 8 to 20, with an average of 11.875. The polymorphic information content (PIC) and marker index (MI) average values were 0.8669, 0.8530 respectively. The (GA) n microsatellites were the highest polymorphic (20 alleles). The Jaccard's Coefficient for genetic similarity was ranged from 0.524 to 0.109 with average of 0.375. A dendrogram was prepared based on similarity matrix using UPGMA algorithm, divided the cultivars into two major clusters. The results proved the microsatellite markers utility in detecting polymorphism due to the discrimination of cultivars and estimating genetic diversity.

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity of Cameroonian bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars revealed by microsatellite markers

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.5897/ajb2017.16090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (36) ◽

pp. 1832-1839 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tekeu Honore ◽

M. L. Ngonkeu Eddy ◽

P. Djocgoue Francois ◽

Ellis Aletta ◽

Lendzemo Venasius ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L

Download Full-text

Combining Protein Content and Grain Yield by Genetic Dissection in Bread Wheat under Low-Input Management

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10051058 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 1058

Author(s):

Junjie Ma ◽

Yonggui Xiao ◽

Lingling Hou ◽

Yong He

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Protein Content ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Growing Season ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Field Trials ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Low Input ◽

Conventional Management

The simultaneous improvement of protein content (PC) and grain yield (GY) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under low-input management enables the development of resource-use efficient varieties that combine high grain yield potential with desirable end-use quality. However, the complex mechanisms of genotype, management, and growing season, and the negative correlation between PC and GY complicate the simultaneous improvement of PC and GY under low-input management. To identify favorable genotypes for PC and GY under low-input management, this study used 209 wheat varieties, including strong gluten, medium-strong gluten, medium gluten, weak gluten, winter, semi-winter, weak-spring, and spring types, which has been promoted from the 1980s to the 2010s. Allelic genotyping, performed using kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) technology, found 69 types of GY-PC allelic combinations in the tested materials. Field trials were conducted with two growing season treatments (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) and two management treatments (conventional management and low-input management). Multi-environment analysis of variance showed that genotype, management, and growing season had extremely substantial effects on wheat GY and PC, respectively, and the interaction of management × growing season also had extremely significant effects on wheat GY. According to the three-sigma rule of the normal distribution, the GY of wheat varieties Liangxing 66 and Xinmai 18 were stable among the top 15.87% of all tested materials with high GY, and their PC reached mean levels under low-input management, but also stably expressed high GY and high PC under conventional management, which represents a great development potential. These varieties can be used as cultivars of interest for breeding because TaSus1-7A, TaSus1-7B, TaGW2-6A, and TaGW2-6B, which are related to GY, and Glu-B3, which is related to PC, carry favorable alleles, among which Hap-1/2, the allele of TaSus1-7A, and Glu-B3b/d/g/i, the allele of Glu-B3, can be stably expressed. Our results may be used to facilitate the development of high-yielding and high-quality wheat varieties under low-input management, which is critical for sustainable food and nutrition security.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars using Microsatellite Markers

Journal of Crop Breeding ◽

10.29252/jcb.11.29.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (29) ◽

pp. 9-16

Author(s):

Nasrin Ghasemi ◽

Reza Gholi Mirfakhraii ◽

Alireza Abbasi ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L

Download Full-text

Genetic variability and population structure of Saudi Arabia bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by microsatellite markers

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr2003943a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 943-956

Author(s):

Ibrahem Almohisen

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Population Structure ◽

Genetic Variability ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Fixation Index ◽

Wheat Landraces

Almohisen A. Ibrahem (2020). Genetic variability and population structure of Saudi Arabia bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by microsatellite markers- Genetika, Vol 52, No.3, 943-956. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop. Analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in local landraces would improve the wheat breeding program by more efficient use of genetic materials and management of genetic variation. To address this challenge, a set of thirteen Saudi Arabia wheat landraces was used to assess population structure and genetic diversity. Thirteen landraces were genotyped using eighteen microsatellite markers which revealed a clear polymorphism among these genotypes. In total, 136 alleles from a set of eighteen simple sequence repeats (SSRs) loci on a panel of thirteen wheat landraces were detected. All SSRs loci showed a wide range of allele numbers extended from 3 to 11 alleles with an average of 7.5. Genetic diversity, polymorphism information content and minor allele frequency ranged from 0.26 to 0.50, 0.23 to 0.37 and 0.15 to 0.46 with an average 0.43, 0.33 and 0.34, respectively. The results of principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) agreed with the structure analysis. Structure grouped the thirteen landraces into three clear subpopulations. The fixation index (Fst), a measure of population substructure, was 0.217, 0.432 and 0.541 for G2, G1, and G3, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of molecular variance recognized 35% variance among and 65% within populations. The present study showed a high genetic diversity between landraces which can be exploited to produce new bread wheat cultivars.

Download Full-text

Analysis of spring bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) using microsatellite markers

Russian Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.3103/s1068367417060052 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 445-449

Author(s):

A. G. Klykov ◽

I. V. Konovalova ◽

P. M. Bogdan ◽

D. M. Shadrin ◽

Czuimei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Spring Bread Wheat ◽

Wheat Varieties

Download Full-text

Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94771-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽

Ravikumar Hosamani ◽

Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽

S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽

Uday G. Reddy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bread Wheat ◽

Vegetative Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Phenotypic Variability ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Living Organisms ◽

Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

Download Full-text

Genetic relationships between resistances to Fusarium head blight and crown rot in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Theoretical and Applied Genetics ◽

10.1007/s00122-010-1363-0 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 121 (5) ◽

pp. 941-950 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Hao Bing Li ◽

Guo Qiang Xie ◽

Jun Ma ◽

Gui Ru Liu ◽

Shu Min Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Fusarium Head Blight ◽

Bread Wheat ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Head Blight

Download Full-text

Genetic diversity in table grapes based on RAPD and microsatellite markers

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2011000900010 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 1035-1044 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Patrícia Coelho de Souza Leão ◽

Sérgio Yoshimitsu Motoike

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Table Grape ◽

Group Method ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Table Grapes ◽

Pair Group

The objective of this work was to analyze the genetic diversity of 47 table grape accessions, from the grapevine germplasm bank of Embrapa Semiárido, using 20 RAPD and seven microsatellite markers. Genetic distances between pairs of accessions were obtained based on Jaccard's similarity index for RAPD data and on the arithmetic complement of the weighted index for microsatellite data. The groups were formed according to the Tocher's cluster analysis and to the unweighted pair‑group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The microsatellite markers were more efficient than the RAPD ones in the identification of genetic relationships. Information on the genetic distance, based on molecular characteristics and coupled with the cultivar agronomic performance, allowed for the recommendation of parents for crossings, in order to obtain superior hybrids in segregating populations for the table grape breeding program of Embrapa Semiárido.

Download Full-text