scholarly journals Novel hypergravity treatment enhances root phenotype and positively influences physio-biochemical parameters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavalingayya K. Swamy ◽  
Ravikumar Hosamani ◽  
Malarvizhi Sathasivam ◽  
S. S. Chandrashekhar ◽  
Uday G. Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physiological Benefits

AbstractHypergravity—an evolutionarily novel environment has been exploited to comprehend the response of living organisms including plants in the context of extra-terrestrial applications. Recently, researchers have shown that hypergravity induces desired phenotypic variability in seedlings. In the present study, we tested the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable phenotype/s for potential terrestrial crop improvement applications. To investigate, bread wheat seeds (UAS-375 genotype) were subjected to hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12, and 24 h), and evaluated for seedling vigor and plant growth parameters in both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. It was also attempted to elucidate the associated biochemical and hormonal changes at different stages of vegetative growth. Resultant data revealed that hypergravity treatment (10×g for 12 h) significantly enhanced root length, root volume, and root biomass in response to hypergravity. The robust seedling growth phenotype may be attributed to increased alpha-amylase and TDH enzyme activities observed in seeds treated with hypergravity. Elevated total chlorophyll content and Rubisco (55 kDa) protein expression across different stages of vegetative growth in response to hypergravity may impart physiological benefits to wheat growth. Further, hypergravity elicited robust endogenous phytohormones dynamics in root signifying altered phenotype/s. Collectively, this study for the first time describes the utility of hypergravity as a novel tool in inducing reliable root phenotype that could be potentially exploited for improving wheat varieties for better water usage management.

Multivariate analyses of indigenous bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces of Oman

2021 ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Ali Hussain Al Lawati ◽  
Saleem Kaseemsaheb Nadaf ◽  
Nadiya Abubakar Al Saady ◽  
Saleh Ali Al Hinai ◽  
Almandhar Almamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
D Values

Oman is endowed with enormous diversity of important food crops that have global significance for food security and has ancient history of cultivation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with its divergent landraces, which are useful in crop improvement. 55 indigenous Omani accessions conserved at the USDA were evaluated in the winter season (November to April) of the years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 on loamy soil under sprinklers in augmented design with 5 check varieties in 5 replications following crop husbandry practices as per national recommendations using 9 quantitative (descriptors) and 6 qualitative traits (anthocyanin pigmentation on plant parts). The data on traits were subjected not only for PC values and D values after varimax rotation through Kaiser normalization in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) but also for Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC). The results indicated that indigenous bread wheat accessions were significantly different (p>0.05) for all the quantitative traits except number of tillers. The multivariate analyses led to formation of four diverse clusters from PCA analyses corresponding to four quadrants of bi-plot graphs and three clusters from AHC analysis corresponding to main clades of dendrogram. The parents were selected from common accessions of distinct clusters in all the multivariate analyses for hybridization for improving characters of growth for higher yield or productivity with pigmentation on one or two plant parts useful for DUS test of varieties. The indigenous bread wheat landraces / accessions were genetically diverse and have potential for use in national crop improvement programs for earliness and higher grain productivity with distinct identification markers.

scholarly journals Nutritional characteristics of ancient Tuscan varieties of Triticum aestivum L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisetta Ghiselli ◽  
Eleonora Rossi ◽  
Anne Whittaker ◽  
Giovanni Dinelli ◽  
Adriano Pasqualino Baglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Functional Point

Bread wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L.) is an important cereal in human consumption. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in ancient wheat varieties. The latter represent an important source of germplasm, characterized by a broader genetic base and, therefore, a potential source of biodiversity. The objective of the study was to ascertain the optimal balance between the presence of secondary metabolites having beneficial effects on health and technological features that ensure successful baking quality. The experimental trial was performed in 2011-2012 on three organic farms located in three different areas within the province of Siena (Tuscany). In each location, an overall evaluation of the commercial, rheological and functional properties of five ancient Tuscan bread wheat varieties (Andriolo, Frassineto, Gentil rosso, Inallettabile 96, Verna) as compared with a commercial modern variety (Palesio) was carried out. The ancient varieties were compared both singularly (pure) and in combination (mixtures) of two varieties in equal proportion, respectively. Biometric and productive parameters were detected for each plot (32 plots in each farm). Macro- and trace elements, polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity (ARP) were similarly determined on representative whole grain samples. Rheological analysis was carried out on flour samples. The multivariate statistical analysis using principal components (PC) analysis was performed on all variables analysed. The results showed a significant environment effect on the different parameters measured and did not reveal significant improvements in the variables measured when varieties were cultivated in mixtures. However, the study did reveal various interesting trends that are warranting of further investigation. The most interesting effect from a nutritional and functional point of view is the relationship between ARP, rheological properties, protein content and gluten content. These connections permit the potential towards the improvement of ancient varieties.

scholarly journals Understanding meiosis and the implications for crop improvement

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Able ◽  
Wayne Crismani ◽  
Scott A. Boden
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Beneficial Traits

Over the past 50 years, the understanding of meiosis has aged like a fine bottle of wine: the complexity is developing but the wine itself is still young. While emphasis in the plant kingdom has been placed on the model diploids Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L.) and rice (Orzya sativa L.), our research has mainly focussed on the polyploid, bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Bread wheat is an important food source for nearly two-thirds of the world’s population. While creating new varieties can be achieved using existing or advanced breeding lines, we would also like to introduce beneficial traits from wild related species. However, expanding the use of non-adapted and wild germplasm in cereal breeding programs will depend on the ability to manipulate the cellular process of meiosis. Three important and tightly-regulated events that occur during early meiosis are chromosome pairing, synapsis and recombination. Which key genes control these events in meiosis (and how they do so) remains to be completely answered, particularly in crops such as wheat. Although the majority of published findings are from model organisms including yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, information from the plant kingdom has continued to grow in the past decade at a steady rate. It is with this new knowledge that we ask how meiosis will contribute to the future of cereal breeding. Indeed, how has it already shaped cereal breeding as we know it today?

GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND PHENOTYPIC CORRELATION FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN BREAD WHEAT VARIETIES

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Z. Korkut ◽  
I. BAŞER ◽  
O. Bilgin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genotypic Variability ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

This research was conducted to determine the effect of genetic and phenotypic variability on the yield and yield components of some bread wheat varieties over a period of four years (1995–1998). Experiments were established according to a completely randomised block design with three replicates in the Experimental Field of Tekirda đ Agricultural Faculty, Thrace University. In the present research, genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability and phenotypic correlation coefficients were estimated for plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of spikes per square metre, thousand kernel weight, test weight and grain yield per hectare. The results of data analyses showed that the highest genotypic variability was obtained for per hectare yield, whereas the highest phenotypic variability values were found for plant height, thousand kernel weight and grain yield. For plant height, thousand grain yield and test weight, the broad sense heritability coefficient was found to be the highest, while it was low for spike length, number of spikelets per spike and number of Key words: bread wheat, genotypic variability, phenotypic variability, heritability coefficient, phenotypic correlation, grain yield

scholarly journals Combining Protein Content and Grain Yield by Genetic Dissection in Bread Wheat under Low-Input Management

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Junjie Ma ◽  
Yonggui Xiao ◽  
Lingling Hou ◽  
Yong He
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Conventional Management

The simultaneous improvement of protein content (PC) and grain yield (GY) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under low-input management enables the development of resource-use efficient varieties that combine high grain yield potential with desirable end-use quality. However, the complex mechanisms of genotype, management, and growing season, and the negative correlation between PC and GY complicate the simultaneous improvement of PC and GY under low-input management. To identify favorable genotypes for PC and GY under low-input management, this study used 209 wheat varieties, including strong gluten, medium-strong gluten, medium gluten, weak gluten, winter, semi-winter, weak-spring, and spring types, which has been promoted from the 1980s to the 2010s. Allelic genotyping, performed using kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) technology, found 69 types of GY-PC allelic combinations in the tested materials. Field trials were conducted with two growing season treatments (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) and two management treatments (conventional management and low-input management). Multi-environment analysis of variance showed that genotype, management, and growing season had extremely substantial effects on wheat GY and PC, respectively, and the interaction of management × growing season also had extremely significant effects on wheat GY. According to the three-sigma rule of the normal distribution, the GY of wheat varieties Liangxing 66 and Xinmai 18 were stable among the top 15.87% of all tested materials with high GY, and their PC reached mean levels under low-input management, but also stably expressed high GY and high PC under conventional management, which represents a great development potential. These varieties can be used as cultivars of interest for breeding because TaSus1-7A, TaSus1-7B, TaGW2-6A, and TaGW2-6B, which are related to GY, and Glu-B3, which is related to PC, carry favorable alleles, among which Hap-1/2, the allele of TaSus1-7A, and Glu-B3b/d/g/i, the allele of Glu-B3, can be stably expressed. Our results may be used to facilitate the development of high-yielding and high-quality wheat varieties under low-input management, which is critical for sustainable food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals Do Triticum aestivum L. and Triticum spelta L. Hybrids Constitute a Promising Source Material for Quality Breeding ofNew Wheat Varieties?

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Suchowilska ◽  
Marian Wiwart ◽  
Rudolf Krska ◽  
Wolfgang Kandler
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Triticum Spelta ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Promising Source

The aim of this two-year study was to determine whether the contents of macronutrients and macro and microelements in wheat grain can be increased by crossbreeding Triticum aestivum and T. spelta. The experimental material comprised the grains of F6 and F7 hybrids and their parental forms. The element content of grain was determined by ICP-SFMS. Hybrid grains had significantly higher ash contents than bread wheat grain (1.90% and 1.93% versus 1.62%). Crude protein content was lowest in bread wheat grain (11.75%) and highest in spelt grain (14.67%). Hybrid grains had significantly higher protein contents (12.97% and13.19%) than bread wheat grain. In both years of the study, the concentrations of P, S, Mg and Ca were highest in spelt grain, whereas their content in hybrids was lower than in spelt grain, but higher than in bread wheat grain. The concentrations of desirable microelements were highest in spelt grain, and the micronutrient profile of hybrid grains was more similar to bread wheat than spelt. Therefore, the hybrids can constitute promising source material for quality breeding in wheat.

scholarly journals Estimation of grain productivity and biochemical indicators of the winter bread wheat varieties depending on the forecrop

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Оlesya Nekrasova ◽  
Nina Kravchenko ◽  
Dmitry Marchenko ◽  
Evgeny Nekrasov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biochemical Indicators ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Study Results

The purpose of the study was to estimate the effect of sunflower and pea on the amount of productivity, protein and gluten percentage in grain. The objects of the study were 13 winter bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The study was carried out in 2018-2020 on the fields of the department of winter wheat breeding and seed production. The forecrops were peas and sunflower. The study results showed that the varieties ‘Volny Don’ (6.1 t / ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (6.1 t / ha) and ‘Lidiya’ (6.0 t / ha), when sown after peas, gave the largest yields. The varieties ‘Volny Don’ (4.9 t / ha) and ‘Polina’ (4.8 t / ha) which were sown after sunflower, showed the best productivity. The analysis of qualitative indicators established that the maximum percentage of protein and gluten in grain was identified in the varieties ‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.3%; 28.3%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (16.1%; 28.5%), which were sown after peas; and the same varieties showed good results (‘Podarok Krymu’ (16.2%; 27.4%) and ‘Volnitsa’ (15.7%; 27.8%)), when sown after sunflower.

scholarly journals Hybride necrosis genes in bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
A. V. Galaev ◽  
M. V. Galaeva
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Hybrid Necrosis ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Complementary Genes ◽  
The North ◽  
Adaptive Value

Hybrid necrosis is the gradual premature death of leaves or plants in certain F1-2hybrids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and it is caused by the interaction of two dominant complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2 located on chromosome arms 5BL and 2BS, respectively. To date, necrotic genotypes in most varieties of Ukrainian breeding have not been identified. Aim. This study was conducted to determine the necrotic genotypes in varieties Ukrainian breeding of different regions. Methods. Microsatellite analysis, PAAgel-electrophoresis. Results. 150 genotypes of bread wheat varieties from Ukrainian breeding were identified by loci Xbarc74-5В and Xbarc55-2В closely linked to hybrid necrosis genes Ne1 and Ne2, respectively. Conclusions. The most common in the South of Ukraine is the genotypes Ne1wNe2w/m and Ne1mNe2w/m were revealed. The most of varieties in the North of Ukraine had the genotypes ne1Ne2ms. These genotypes can have breeding and adaptive value for specific geographical conditions. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., hybride necrosis genes Ne1 and Ne2, microsatellite analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of Sodium Silicate and Salicylic Acid on Sodium and Potassium Ratio in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown Under Salt Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Mushtaq ◽  
Nazish Sabir ◽  
Tasneem Kousar ◽  
Sabeena Rizwan ◽  
Uzma Jabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sodium Concentration ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Normal Environment

Abstract Purpose Salinity pose severe threat to cultivation as it drastically affects the plant sustainability and yield. The intended aim of current consensus is to assess effects of sodium silicate and salicylic acid on wheat genotypes (slat tolerant and salt sensitive) grown under salt. Methods This experiment was designed to check the effect of silicon on wheat varieties, so four different wheat genotypes named as (Umeed, Rasco, Zarghoon and Shahkaar) were grown in hydroponics under saline and normal environment. Sodium silicate and salicylic acid were applied on all varieties to determine the slat tolerance ability. Plants were harvested at maturity and different physical and chemical aspects were recorded. Results To assess the salt stress on growth and yield of wheat genotypes. Wheat grown in saline conditions with sodium silicate supplementation showed improvement in all growth parameters as compared to the plants grown under salt stress without silicon supplementation. Higher contents of potassium were observed in plants grown under salt stress with silicon supplementation however, potassium concentration was found less in salicylic acid treatment and control under salt stress. Sodium concentration was found higher under salt stress but sodium silicate application reduced Na+ uptake under salt stress. Significance increase in K+ : Na+ ratio in roots enhance the translocation which in turn elevates salt tolerance ability. Among wheat varieties potassium uptake was quite high in Umeed and Rasco as compared to Zarghoon and Shahkar. Conclusion Based on current results it can be deduced that application of sodium silicate on different wheat varieties mitigated Na+ toxicity by elevating K+: Na+ ratio and net translocation rate in salt stressed plants.

scholarly journals Allelic variants for Waxy genes in common wheat lines bred at the Lukyanenko National Grain Center

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 910-915
Author(s):  
E. R. Davoyan ◽  
L. A. Bespalova ◽  
R. O. Davoyan ◽  
E. V. Agaeva ◽  
G. I. Bukreeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Allelic Variants ◽  
Breeding Material ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Mutant Forms

This article presents the results of a molecular marker-assisted study of allelic variants of Wx genes in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines. The study was carried out as part of the work on the transfer of null alleles of the genes Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 to the varieties of soft wheat and creation of breeding material with modified activities of the main enzymes involved in amylose biosynthesis. The lines were obtained at the Department of Breeding and Seed Production of Wheat and Triticale, National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko, by crossing mutant forms carrying inactive (null) alleles of genes Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 with bread wheat cultivars. The molecular markers selected for the study allowed identification of valuable breeding material carrying both single null alleles of Wx genes and their combinations in its genome. A combination of two null alleles (Wx-A1b + Wx-D1b) was detected in 30 lines. The presence of three null alleles (Wx-A1b + Wx-B1b + Wx-D1b), which corresponded to fully Wx wheat, was found in one line. We selected 37 lines that combined the presence of the Wx-B1e allele with the Wx-A1b and Wx-D1b null alleles. The Wx-A1b + Wx-B1e combination was identified in 26 lines, and 24 lines carried the combination of alleles Wx-B1e + Wx-D1b. The mutant forms PI619381, PI619384, and PI619386 were identified as carriers of the functional Wx-B1e allele. The Wx-A1b and Wx-B1e alleles could have been transferred to the studied lines from the donors used or from the Starshina and Korotyshka varieties, respectively. The mutant forms used in the crosses are donors of the Wx-B1b and Wx-D1b alleles. The use of molecular markers chosen by us for identification of the allelic state of the Wx-A1, Wx-B1, and Wx-D1 genes can provide grounds for marker-assisted selection for this trait. Selected lines found to possess null alleles of the Wx genes are applicable in breeding programs aimed at the improvement of technological qualities of grain and raise of bread wheat varieties with modified starch properties.

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