Effect of nitrogen fertilisation on diurnal phenolic concentration and foam strength in forage of hard red wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Cutter

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Malinowski ◽  
D. W. Pitta ◽  
W. E. Pinchak ◽  
B. R. Min ◽  
Y. Y. Emendack

Frothy bloat is a serious digestive disorder in cattle (Bos taurus L.) grazing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) forage in the southern Great Plains of the USA. Wheat plant metabolism is one of the factors involved in bloat. We determined diurnal and seasonal patterns of total phenolic accumulation and foam strength (a measure of bloat potential) in forage of winter wheat cv. Cutter in response to nitrogen (N) fertilisation when grown at Vernon, Texas, during two growing seasons (November–March) in 2006–07 and 2007–08. The diurnal pattern of phenolic accumulation followed the diurnal pattern of solar radiation, with lower values in the morning and the evening, and maximum values around midday. The range of phenolic concentrations measured was 1.9–6.6 mg/g dry matter (tannic acid equivalent). The diurnal pattern of foam strength was opposite to that of phenolic accumulation and ranged from 15.5 to 21.8 min/cm. Nitrogen fertilisation (33, 67, and 134 kg/ha) had inconsistent effects on diurnal patterns of phenolic accumulation and foam strength. With increased N fertilisation rate, concentrations of total, soluble, and insoluble protein fractions increased, whereas soluble carbohydrate concentrations declined. Phenolic concentrations were higher in January–February 2007 and November–December 2007 than in other months and declined in March of each growing season. Foam strength was higher in late autumn than spring in both growing seasons. The results suggest that diurnal patterns of phenolic accumulation in wheat forage respond to diurnal pattern of solar radiation and are inversely correlated with diurnal patterns of foam strength. Breeding wheat cultivars with enhanced phenolic content in forage may be one approach to reduce bloat incidence in grazing cattle.

Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Stępień ◽  
Arkadiusz Stępień ◽  
Małgorzata Warechowska ◽  
Katarzyna Wojtkowiak ◽  
Renata Pietrzak-Fiećko

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2855
Author(s):  
Anna Janeczko ◽  
Jana Oklestkova ◽  
Danuše Tarkowská ◽  
Barbara Drygaś

Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g−1 FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.


Weed Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. MCLENNAN ◽  
R. ASHFORD ◽  
M. D. DEVINE

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Djaman ◽  
Michael O’Neill ◽  
Curtis Owen ◽  
Daniel Smeal ◽  
Margaret West ◽  
...  

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