Distribution, habitat, morphological diversity and genetic interrelations of native Vigna in the Pilbara, Western Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. Cottrell
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Road Trip ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Alluvial Floodplains

A 2-week road trip was made through the Pilbara region to collect seed of native Vigna species. Thirty-two new accessions were collected, all of which were within what can be broadly described as the V. lanceolata Benth. complex. All 32 accessions were amphicarpic, rhizomatous, trailing or vining perennials. The largest and most widely distributed group of 21 accessions belonged to the Silverleaf morphotype and a further nine accessions belonged to the Central morphotype. Two accessions from the Karratha region were of a recently described diminutive species, V. triodiophila. The Silverleaf accessions were all collected from grassy woodlands on river levees and alluvial floodplains. The Central accessions were collected from a more diverse range of habitats, albeit again mostly in wetter or ‘run-on’ parts of the landscape. Measurements of selected traits on a subset of accessions grown for seed increase in Townsville indicated that the Pilbara Silverleaf and Central accessions were comparable with accessions of these morphotypes from elsewhere in northern Australia. Healthy, viable F1 hybrids were readily obtained from crosses between accessions from all three Vigna groups collected from the Pilbara, indicating that all belong to same primary gene pool. This includes V. triodiophila, notwithstanding its taxonomy. Healthy, viable and fertile F1 hybrids were also obtained between the Pilbara accessions of both the Silverleaf and Central morphotypes and respective accessions of these morphotypes from elsewhere in northern Australia. The F1 hybrids between V. triodiophila and both the Silverleaf and the Central accessions exhibited near-normal plant phenotype in terms of the size of their vegetative and reproductive structures, indicating that the diminutive size of V. triodiophila is a recessive trait. The most plausible explanation is that V. triodiophila is a dwarf variant of the Central morphotype, which it most closely resembles apart from its size. The fact that the F1 hybrids between V. triodiophila and two Pilbara Central accessions were fully self-fertile supports that conclusion, while the recovery of dwarf segregants from small numbers of F2 and backcross progeny from one of the crosses indicates that the dwarf trait may involve just a single gene. These 32 new accessions extend the range of climatic and edaphic environments, especially at the harsher end, from which accessions of V. lanceolata have been collected and seeds conserved.

Genetic Control of Susceptibility to Cryptococcus neoformans in Mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 494-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith C. Rhodes ◽  
Linda S. Wicker ◽  
Walter J. Urba
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Dominant Mode ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Chromosome 2 ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Backcross Hybrids

Inbred mice injected intravenously with 5 × 10 6 cells of Cryptococcus neoformans showed two patterns of survival: sensitive (A/WySn, A.BY, A/J, DBA/2J, NZB/B1NJ, and SWR/J) and resistant [C57BL/10Sn, B10.A, B10.A (2R), B10.S (7R),C57BR/cdJ, C58/J, C3H/HeJ, BALB/c, DBA/1J, and SJL/J]. Relative susceptibility based on survival time was shown to correspond to differences obtained for 50% lethal dose values. Either decreasing the dose of organisms or changing to the intraperitoneal route of inoculation resulted in prolonged survival times, but neither change affected the observed patterns of survival. F1 hybrids between different sensitive strains were also sensitive, whereas F1 hybrids between sensitive and resistant strains were resistant, indicating a dominant mode of inheritance. Sensitivity and resistance were shown to be under single gene control by segregation analysis in F2 progeny produced by inbreeding (B10.A × A/WySn)F1 hybrids and in (F1 × A/WySn) backcross progeny. Blood obtained from parental strains, F1, F2, and backcross hybrids was tested for the presence or absence of hemolytic complement. Mice lacking hemolytic complement activity in their sera are homozygous for the Hc 0 allele at the Hc locus on chromosome 2 and are deficient in the complement component C5. A 1:1 correspondence was found between C5 deficiency and sensitivity to C. neoformans. Resistance was shown to cosegregate with the presence of hemolytic complement in the F2 and the backcross progenies.

scholarly journals Genotypic resistance to brown heart incidence in swede parent lines and F1 hybrids and the influence of applied boron

2013 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. FADHEL ◽  
A. J. JELLINGS ◽  
S. KENNEDY ◽  
M. P. FULLER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dominant Trait ◽  
Genotypic Resistance ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
The Uk

SUMMARYBreeding trials for swede (Brassica napus var. napobrassica) in 2000–2010 showed that 0·85 of the incidence of brown heart (BH) in the trials was associated with genotypes that are progeny of Ag31, Or13 and Me77c. In order to investigate this and the effect of treatment with boron (B), established varieties and improved parent lines carrying male sterility (ms), and their F1 hybrids (test hybrids), were grown in a field trial in the UK in 2011 and subjected to four B treatments (0·00, 1·35, 1·80 and 2·70 kg B/ha). The results confirmed that BH incidence and severity was affected by genotype but could be ameliorated by B application. Genotype Ag31 was very susceptible while Or13 and Me77c were of intermediate susceptibility and the hybrids between susceptible parents were also sensitive. Genotypes Gr19 and Ly01 were highly resistant even in the absence of B application. Hybrids between resistant and susceptible lines were highly resistant. The use of ms had no influence on BH. Resistance to BH was a dominant trait: homozygous dominant (BHBH) or heterozygous (BHbh) genotypes confer this trait, while susceptibility is recessive (bhbh). Some quantitative variation existed, suggesting that resistance was not a single gene effect. There was a significant negative correlation (r=−0·632) between root B content and the severity of BH in susceptible genotypes. Severe BH was associated with 12–21·5 μg B/g of root dry weight at zero B applied. Moderate discolouration was associated with 19·5–24·8 μg B/g recorded at moderate B applied and only Ag31 showed BH at 2·70 kg B/ha. Resistant varieties had root contents of 23 μg B/g or more while susceptible varieties required a minimum of 31 μg B/g to offset BH.

GENETIC DISSECTION OF CLONALLY INHERITED GENOMES OF POECILIOPSIS. I. LINKAGE ANALYSIS AND PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF DELETERIOUS GENE LOADS

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-811
Author(s):  
James F Leslie ◽  
Robert C Vrijenhoek
Keyword(s):  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Female Fish ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Hybrid Genotype ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Deleterious Gene ◽  
Deleterious Genes ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

ABSTRACT Theoretical considerations suggest that a high load of deleterious mutations should accumulate in asexual genomes. An ideal system for testing this hypothesis occurs in the hybrid all-female fish Poeciliopsis monacha-lucida. The hybrid genotype is retained between generations by an oogenetic process that transmits only a nonrecombinant haploid monacha genome to their ova. The hybrid genotype is re-established in nature by fertilization of these monacha eggs with sperm from a sexual species, P. lucida. The unique reproductive mechanism of these hybrids allows the genetic dissection of the clonal monacha genome by forced matings with males of P. monacha. The resultant F1 hybrids and their backcross progeny were examined to determine the amount and kinds of genetic changes that might have occurred in two clonal monacha genomes.—Using six allozyme markers, four similar linkage groups were identified in each clonal genome. Segregation and assortment at these loci revealed no apparent differences between monacha genomes from sexually and clonally reproducing species. Mortality of F1 and backcross progeny revealed differences between the two clonal genomes, suggesting that deleterious genes may accumulate in genomes sheltered from recombination.

Heterosis, overdominance for grain yield, and alpha-amylase activity in F1 hybrids between near-isogenic Rht dwarf and tall wheats

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. FLINTHAM ◽  
W. J. ANGUS ◽  
M. D. GALE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Preharvest Sprouting ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Heterozygous Condition ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Continuous Range

The Rht-B1b, Rht-D1b and Rht-B1c alleles for reduced height in wheat (the Norin 10 and Tom Thumb dwarfing genes previously known as Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3) were exploited in combinations to generate a near-continuous range of plant heights, from 53 cm to 123 cm, amongst near-isogenic homozygotes and F1 hybrids. Pleiotropic yield effects of Rht genes were measured in both homozygous (intravarietal) and heterozygous (intervarietal) genetic backgrounds. Heterosis due to overdominance of Rht genes was detected among intravarietal hybrids. The effects of heterozygosity at other genetic loci (mean dominance) were determined, independently of Rht effects, from comparisons between intravarietal and intervarietal F1 hybrids.Genotypes of intermediate plant heights gave maximum yields, in agreement with other trials of the homozygous lines, so that heterosis (hybrid exceeding best parent) for Rht yield effects was observed in crosses between tall and dwarf isogenic pairs. This heterosis combined additively with increased mean weight per grain in intervarietal crosses, generating the highest overall grain yields in hybrids with semi-dwarf stature in heterozygous genetic backgrounds. The Rht-B1c allele showed single-gene overdominance for grain yield, also the production of alpha-amylase in ripening grains of Maris Huntsman was effectively inhibited in the Rht-B1a/c intravarietal hybrid. The Rht-B1c allele thus offers advantages for both grain yield and grain quality in the heterozygous condition and should be considered as an alternative to the conventional semi-dwarfing genes Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b for F1 varieties in environments conductive to preharvest sprouting.

A wide diversity of epicormic structures is present in Myrtaceae species in the northern Australian savanna biome - implications for adaptation to fire

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Burrows ◽  
S. K. Hornby ◽  
D. A. Waters ◽  
S. M. Bellairs ◽  
L. D. Prior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Ecological Diversification ◽  
The North

Recent research has shown that the eucalypts of southern Australia have an unusual and apparently fire-adapted epicormic structure. By studying a range of myrtaceous species from northern Australia we hoped to determine if this structure was also present in northern eucalypts. We anatomically examined the epicormic structures from 21 myrtaceous species in 11 genera from the north of the Northern Territory, Australia. An extremely wide diversity of epicormic structures was found, ranging from buds absent, buds at or near the bark surface, to bud-forming meristems in the innermost bark. These Myrtaceae species displayed a far greater variation in epicormic structure than recorded in any other family. This is possibly a reflection of the importance of the resprouter strategy, a long fire history in Australia and the ecological diversification of the Myrtaceae. Nonetheless, all the investigated eucalypts (northern and southern) possessed the same specialised, apparently fire-adapted, epicormic structure. This is remarkably consistent given the taxonomic, geographical and morphological diversity of the eucalypts.

scholarly journals Evidence for Qualitative Suppression of Red Skin Color in Peach

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Beckman ◽  
J. Rodriguez Alcazar ◽  
W.B. Sherman ◽  
D.J. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Segregation Ratio ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Gene Symbols

Recently observed hybrid populations of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] provide evidence for the presence of a single gene suppressing red skin color. The fruit of seedling populations of FL90-48C and FL90-37C × FL84-18C, FL90-50CN × FL92-2C, FL90-48C × FL91-12, FL91-8 × FL88-6, and open-pollinated or selfed populations from unselected seedlings of `Contender' × PI65977 (`Giallo di Padova') and `Mexico Selection' × `Oro A' were rated for normal quantitative vs. no anthocyanin skin color at maturity. At this stage of development, anthocyaninless phenotypes displayed no red color over the entire surface of the fruit. Instead they were characterized by a bright yellow ground color that stood out visually in the seedling rows, and which was dubbed highlighter. The two crosses with FL84-18C yielded populations that approximated a 1:1 segregation ratio for quantitative red:no red skin color. All other crosses produced populations that closely approximated a 3:1 segregation ratio for quantitative red to no red. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the highlighter phenotype is a single gene recessive trait. We propose the gene symbols of h and H for the recessive no red (highlighter) and dominant normal quantitative red (wild-type) alleles, respectively.

scholarly journals Engineering and Characterisation of Bacterial Phosphopantetheinyl Transferases and their Peptide Substrates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jack Alexander Sissons
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Peptide Motifs ◽  
Wide Range

<p>Throughout all domains of life, phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) enzymes catalyse a post-translational modification that is important in both primary and secondary metabolism; the transfer of a phosphopantetheine (PPant) group derived from Coenzyme A to specific protein domains within large, multi-modular biosynthetic enzymes, thereby activating each module for biosynthesis. The short peptide motif of the protein to which this group is attached is known as a ‘tag’, and can be fused to other proteins, making them also substrates for post-translational modification by a PPTase. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that PPTases can utilise a diverse range of CoA analogues, such as biotin-linked or click-chemistry capable CoA derivatives, as substrates for tag attachment. Together, these characteristics make post-translational modification by PPTases an attractive system for many different biotechnological applications. Perhaps the most significant application is in vivo and in vitro site-specific labelling of proteins, for which current technologies are hindered by cumbersome fusion protein requirements, toxicity of the process, or limited reporter groups that can be attached. Confoundingly, most PPTases exhibit a high degree of substrate promiscuity which limits the number of PPTase-tag pairs that can be used simultaneously, and therefore the number of protein targets that can be simultaneously labelled. To address this, directed evolution at a single gene level was used in an attempt to generate multiple PPTase variants that have non-overlapping tag specificity which have applications in orthogonal labelling. Furthermore, assays for the rapid identification, characterisation and evolution of short, novel peptide motifs that are recognised by PPTases has further diversified the labelling toolkit. These developments have enhanced the utility of the PPTase system and potentially have a wide range of applications in a number of fields.</p>

scholarly journals The DefH9-iaaM-containing construct efficiently induces parthenocarpy in cucumber

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimin Yin ◽  
Robert Malinowski ◽  
Agnieszka Ziółkowska ◽  
Hans Sommer ◽  
Wojciech Plcader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Cucumber Genome ◽  
Seedless Fruits ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Independent Transformation

AbstractParthenocarpy (seedless fruits) is a desirable trait that has been achieved in many plant cultivars. We generated parthenocarpic cucumber fruits by introducing the chimeric DefH9-iaaM construct into the cucumber genome using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated protocol. The construct consists of the DefH9 promoter from Antirrhinum majus and the iaaM coding sequence from Pseudomonas syringae. Transgenic plants were obtained from nine independent transformation events: half of these were tetraploid and did not produce seeds following self-pollination, while the remaining half were capable of displaying parthenocarpy in the subsequent reproductive generation. Of the fruits produced by the transgenic lines, 70–90% were parthenocarpic. The segregation of the marker gene in the transgenic T1 progeny indicated single gene inheritance. The seed set in the transgenic lines and their F1 hybrids was lower than in the non-transgenic control plants. Some of the methodological details and the practical significance of the results are discussed.

Habitats, morphological diversity, and distribution of the genus Vigna Savi in Australia

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. R. Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Provenance Information ◽  
Vigna Species ◽  
Associated Species ◽  
Grassland Habitats ◽  
Genus Vigna

Vigna is an agriculturally important genus containing several important species used as pulses, forages, vegetable, or cover crops. The genus is represented in Australia by 5 species, 4 indigenous (V. radiata, V. vexillata, V. luteola, V. marina) and 1 endemic (V. lanceolata). A germplasm collection has been assembled comprising >400 accessions of the 5 Vigna species from Australia and offshore and seed committed to storage as the CSIRO National Vigna collection. For a large number of accessions, herbarium sheets have also been prepared either from field or glasshouse-grown plants and lodged with the Qld Herbarium, Brisbane. This paper describes the structure of the collection and, for each of the 5 species and major regional variants, summarises provenance information on their geographic distribution, habitat, soil type, and associated species. Within the Australian tropics/subtropics, the Vigna species collectively occupy a diverse range of grassland habitats extending from the foreshore to the central desert. Of the 5 species, the endemic V. lanceolata is the most diverse in terms of distribution, habitat, and morphology. Geographic gaps in the collection are noted and priorities for future collection suggested.

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