The Developing Potential of the Preschool Educational Organization Framework in Solving the Problems of Developing the Independence of Children of Older Preschool Age

The article presents the results of a study of the developmental potential of the kindergarten space for solving development problems and supporting the independence of older preschool children. The development of children’s independence occurs as a result of the child’s accumulation of experience of independent activity, including the experience of integrating different types of children’s activities. Therefore, the space of a preschool educational organization should provide conditions for children to choose interesting activities, including for its integration, which allows them to obtain the intended result. The space of a preschool educational organization means not only a group room, which includes a bedroom and a dressing room, but also corridors of a preschool educational organization, staircases, walking areas, and specialists’ offices. The framework of a preschool educational organization is considered through the organization of a subject-spatial developmental environment. As a result of the study, it was revealed under what conditions the space of a preschool educational organization acquires developmental potential and contributes to the development of independence of children of senior preschool age: a variety of subject content, accessibility and ease of placement of materials, the possibility of integrating children’s activities and independent transformation of the subject-spatial environment, all types of children’s activities are reinforced in a subject-spatial environment. Keywords: Independence, developing framework, subject-spatial environment, children’s activities, integration of children’s activities, developing the potential of the subject-spatial environment

Chloroplast acquisition without the gene transfer in kleptoplastic sea slugs, Plakobranchus ocellatus

Some sea slugs sequester chloroplasts from algal food in their intestinal cells and photosynthesize for months. This phenomenon, kleptoplasty, poses a question of how the chloroplast retains its activity without the algal nucleus, and there have been debates on the horizontal transfer of algal genes to the animal nucleus. To settle the arguments, we report the genome of a kleptoplastic sea slug Plakobranchus ocellatus and found no evidence that photosynthetic genes are encoded on the nucleus. Nevertheless, we confirmed that photosynthesis prolongs the life of mollusk under starvation. The data present a paradigm that a complex adaptive trait, as typified by photosynthesis, can be transferred between eukaryotic kingdoms by a unique organelle transmission without nuclear gene transfer. Our phylogenomic and transcriptomic analysis showed that genes for proteolysis and immunity underwent gene expansion and are upregulated in the chloroplast-enriched tissue, suggesting that these molluscan genes are involved in this DNA-independent transformation.

From Horn-SRIQ to Datalog: A Data-Independent Transformation That Preserves Assertion Entailment

Ontology-based access to large data-sets has recently gained a lot of attention. To access data efficiently, one approach is to rewrite the ontology into Datalog, and then use powerful Datalog engines to compute implicit entailments. Existing rewriting techniques support Description Logics (DLs) from ELH to Horn-SHIQ. We go one step further and present one such data-independent rewriting technique for Horn-SRIQ⊓, the extension of Horn-SHIQ that supports role chain axioms, an expressive feature prominently used in many real-world ontologies. We evaluated our rewriting technique on a large known corpus of ontologies. Our experiments show that the resulting rewritings are of moderate size, and that our approach is more efficient than state-of-the-art DL reasoners when reasoning with data-intensive ontologies.

Production of hairy root cultures of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Hairy root cultures of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) were obtained by inoculation of cotyledonary leaves of in vitro lettuce seedlings (cvs. Nansen and Ljubljanska ledenka) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes A4M70GUS. Approximately in 96.7% cvs. Nansen and in 91.2% Ljubljanska ledenka inoculated explants produced hairy root when they were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) half-strength medium without plant growth regulators. A total of 54% of all hairy root cultures expressed GUS activity. Every hairy root represented an independent transformation event. Line Ljubljanska ledenka 18 showed the highest biomass (5.5 times the biomass of control root). A PCR analysis of the genomic DNA confirmed the presence of marker and target genes in 15 hairy roots examined.

GeoEtrim, SharpQ and Epix: Trio of Tools for Geospatial Image Analysis

This paper presents an overview of three approaches developed in Matlab for geospatial analysis of images. GeoEtrim has two subpackages, GeoSpot and GeoFigcon. GeoSpot aims to perform bundle adjustment of stereo linear array remotely sensed images considering their interior and exterior orientation parameters. The correlation among orientation parameters, their validation and efficiency on the final accuracy can be estimated. The current version is available for SPOT-5 HRG level 1A stereoimages, reaching ±1 pixel accuracy at ICPs (Independent Check Points). GeoFigcon is the other sub-package of GeoEtrim, developed for estimation of georeferencing accuracy of orthoimages generated by various sensor-independent mathematical models and RFM (Rational Function Model). Using GeoFigcon, one can estimate the combined effect of the accuracy of transformation parameters estimated/updated by GCPs and DEM accuracy on the georeferencing accuracy of orthoimages. The experiments with IKONOS Geo, QuickBird OrthoReady Standard, OrbView-3 Basic and Pléiades-1A Primary prove that using RFM produces higher accuracy than using sensor-independent transformation models. Moreover, accuracy varies reducing from geometric centre of GCPs accommodating the high profile of topography. SharpQ generates pan-sharp images using the methods PCA (Principal Component Analysis), Brovey, and IHS (Intensity Hue Saturation), validates their quality with quantitative analysis by the methods CC (Correlation Coefficient), RMSE (Root Mean Square Error), RASE (Relative Average Spectral Error), SAM (Spectral Angle Mapper) and ERGAS (Erreur Relative Globale Adimensionnelle de Synthése). epix, the last member of the trio, can be used for estimation of effective GSD (Ground Sampling Distance) value of original or generated (such as pan-sharp) images, depending the principle of ESF (Edge Spread Function). So the real geometric resolution can be estimated for any kind of image. This trio is being still developed with the continuous research.

Functional Dissection and Targeting Of Bmi1 Independence Of MN1 Leukemia

While PcG protein, Bmi1, plays a critical role in development of leukemic stem cells (LSCs), we have recently shown a differential Bmi1 dependency for LSCs initiated by different oncogenic transcription factors associated with distinct prognostic outcomes. PML-RARA and AML1-ETO leukemias associated with good prognosis are dependent on Bmi1, whereas poor prognostic leukemia induced by MLL fusion that is capable of activating multiple Hox genes is Bmi1 independent. However the role of Bmi1 and the mechanisms of over-coming Bmi1 dependency in other acute myeloid leukemia (AML) subtypes are still largely unknown. Aberrations of the MN1 gene mostly as an over-expression or rarely as a fusion partner of TEL in patients carrying the translocation t(12;22)(p13;q11) are frequently found in AML and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Forced expression of MN1 induces aggressive AML with a 100% penetrance in mouse models within a few weeks, a latency significantly shorter than myeloid malignancy induced by MN1-TEL. Consistently, MN1 over-expression correlates with reduced drug response and poor prognosis of AML patients as well as high level of Bmi1 expression. In spite of these striking experimental and clinical features, the molecular mechanisms underlying MN1 leukemia are still largely unknown, and little progress has been made in targeting this leukemia. In the current study, we sought out to investigate the role of Bmi1 for MN1 mediated leukemic transformation and the mechanisms underlying this aggressive leukemia. In contrast to MN1-TEL that is dependent on Bmi1 for transformation of murine primary hematopoietic cells, MN1 over-expression could transform Bmi1-/- hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and induced serially transplantable AML in mice with the same latency as MN1 transformed wild type (wt) HPCs. Further molecular analyses revealed a significant up-regulation of p16Ink4a and cellular senescence in MN1-TEL Bmi1-/- HPCs, which was absent in MN1 transformed cells. Senescence in MN1-TEL Bmi1-/- cells could be rescued by re-expression of Bmi1 or suppression of p16 respectively, consistently suggesting an inherent functional difference between MN1 and MN1-TEL reflected by contrasting Bmi1 dependences. To identify the functional domain critical for the Bmi1 independency, structure/function analysis revealed that the removal of DNA binding domain (DBD) in the TEL moiety conferred Bmi1 independent transformation to MN1-TEL (MN1-TELΔDBD). MN1-TELΔDBD was able to induce transplantable leukemia in both the wild type and Bmi1 deficient cells. Conversely, fusion of TEL DBD to full length MN1 abolished its Bmi1 independence, and failed to transform Bmi1 deficient cells. These results strongly suggest that MN1 regulated molecules/pathways critical for Bmi1 independent transformation are misguided by the TEL DBD in MN1-TEL leukemia, providing a unique platform to dissect the pathways for Bmi1 independent transformation in AML. By performing global gene expression analyses on MN1, MN1-TEL and MN1-TELΔDBD transformed cells, we identified 1727 genes differentially expressed in MN1 transformed cells compared with MN1-TEL transformed cells; whereas only 44 genes were differentially expressed in MN1-TEL versus MN1-TELΔDBD transformed cells. When we overlapped these two gene sets together, we generated a unique gene set containing 34 genes associated with Bmi1 independence, including metabolic enzymes, signaling molecules and transcription factors such as Hoxa gene that has previously implicated in Bmi1 independent leukemic transformation. To assess the functional significance and the potential of targeting the candidates in this gene list in overcoming Bmi1 independent transformation, we performed functional analyses using shRNA approaches with a focus on those pharmacologically tractable candidates to suppress Bmi1 independent leukemic transformation. As a result, we were able to identify and demonstrate two different classes of enzymes with rigid catalytic domains that are required for Bmi1 independent transformation by MN1. Together, we dissect the mechanisms underlying Bmi1-independent leukemic transformation, and provide promising novel targets for MN1 leukemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.