Optimisation of phosphorus fertilisation promotes biomass and phosphorus nutrient accumulation, partitioning and translocation in three cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Bolang Chen ◽  
Qinghui Wang ◽  
Zupeng Ye ◽  
Shane Stiles ◽  
Gu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
P Absorption ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilisation

Limited information is available on accumulation, distribution, and remobilisation of dry matter (DM) and nutrients in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under the interaction of nutrient management and genotype. We conducted a 2-year field experiment to study the impacts of phosphorus (P) treatments (0, 16.5, 33, 66, 132 and 198 kg P ha–1) on growth and P absorption, allocation and remobilisation in three cotton genotypes. At maturity, the maximum DM and P content allocation to seeds were 20.7% and 62.3%, respectively. Compared with the anthesis stage, leaf DM and P content at maturity significantly decreased by 46.3% and 73.6%, respectively; thus, seed P content was mainly contributed by leaves. Compared with the control (nil P), optimal P fertilisation (33–66 kg P ha–1) increased leaf DM and P content at anthesis by 21.2% and 40.8%, promoted P translocation from leaves to seeds by 43%, and improved lint yield at maturity by 22.8%. At anthesis and maturity, the DM and P content of the entire plant, and lint and seed yields were higher in genotypes XLZ57 and XLZ19 than in XLZ13. Suitable P doses increase DM and P accumulation and yield, and improve source–sink relationships of DM and P in cotton.

scholarly journals Phosphorus fertilization and growth of buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliares L.) cultivars

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Vanderlise Giongo ◽  
Alessandra M. Salviano ◽  
Betina R. C. dos Santos ◽  
Emylly F. Leal
Keyword(s):  
Critical Level ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Buffel Grass ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Set Up

Phosphorus (P) plays an important role in the growth of root system as well as the tillering grass, being fundamental to increase the productivity of these species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of buffel grass cultivars and establish critical values of P in plant and soil. The experimental set up was a 4 x 5 factorial scheme (four Cenchrus ciliaris cvs.: Biloela, Aridus, CPATSA 7754 and Pusa Giant, and five doses of P2O5 - 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1) with four replications. After 90 days of cultivation, dry mass of shoot (DMS) and root (DMR) production and the P accumulation (Pacc) were determined. Soil samples to determine the P content and determination of the critical level (CriLev) were also collected. The cv. Biloela presented lower DMR and DMS production compared to the other cultivars. The cultivares Biloela, Pusa Giant and Aridus showed different critical levels of P in soil and plant, obtained in the greenhouse showing that they have different requirement of this nutrient for their growth. The cultivar CPATSA 7754 showed higher phosphorus requirement and did not permit to establish critical levels with doses used in the present study.

scholarly journals Resistance of cotton genotypes to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the straw and oxalic acid tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1281-1284
Author(s):  
Leandro Henrique Mundim Aguiar ◽  
Larissa Barbosa de Sousa ◽  
Lísias Coelho ◽  
Ernane Miranda Lemes ◽  
Leonardo Humberto Silva e Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Colored Cotton ◽  
Cotton Genotypes ◽  
White Fiber

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of the straw and oxalic acid tests to identify resistance levels of white and colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) genotypes to white mold (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). Ten genotypes were evaluated: five with colored fiber, four with white fiber, and a white-fiber susceptible genotype. The genotypes MAB-1 with white fiber and MAC-2 with colored fiber were the most resistant to white mold, according to the immersion in oxalic acid and straw tests, respectively. These genotypes can be recommended as resistance sources for breeding programs. Both assessed tests are complementary to each other; however, the straw test is more efficient in evaluating the resistance of cotton genotypes to white mold.

Crop response to current and previous season applications of phosphorus as affected by crop sequence and tillage

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Grant ◽  
M. A. Monreal ◽  
R. B. Irvine ◽  
R. M. Mohr ◽  
D. L. McLaren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Monoammonium Phosphate ◽  
Early Season ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Seed Yields

Field studies were conducted over a 4-yr period at two locations in western Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate the effect of phosphorus (P) fertilizer management on crop growth as affected by tillage system through a 2-yr cropping sequence. In the first phase of the cropping sequence, canola (Brassica napus L.), a non-mycorrhizal crop, and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), a mycorrhizal crop, were grown under conventional (CT) and reduced (RT) systems, with 0, 11 and 22 kg P ha-1 applied as monoammonium phosphate (MAP). In the second phase of the sequence, flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was seeded following the spring wheat or canola, with application of 0 or 11 kg P ha-1 as MAP. Phosphorus application increased the early-season biomass, P concentration, and P accumulation of canola and wheat and the seed yield of canola. Tillage system had no consistent effects on growth, P concentration or uptake, or seed yields of canola or wheat, nor were P by tillage system interactions observed. Early-season biomass production and seed yields of flax were relatively unaffected by P fertilization whether applied in the same season as flax or in the previous season, although early-season P concentration and P accumulation were increased when P fertilizer was applied to the flax. Of the factors evaluated in this study, preceding crop had the greatest influence on flax growth with flax establishment, early-season biomass, and P accumulation, and seed yield all being significantly greater when flax was seeded after wheat than after canola. Key words: Crop rotation, fertilization, monoammonium phosphate, flax, wheat, canola

scholarly journals Simulation of Phosphorus Chemistry, Uptake and Utilisation by Winter Wheat

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianhai Wu ◽  
Martin Blackwell ◽  
Sarah Dunham ◽  
Javier Hernández-Allica ◽  
Steve P. McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Cycling ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Performance Statistics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
P Supply

The phosphorus (P) supply from soils is crucial to crop production. Given the complexity involved in P-cycling, a model that can simulate the major P-cycling processes and link with other nutrients and environmental factors, e.g., soil temperature and moisture, would be a useful tool. The aim of this study was to describe a process-based P module added to the SPACSYS (Soil Plant and Atmosphere Continuum System) model and to evaluate its predictive capability on the dynamics of P content in crops and the impact of soil P status on crop growth. A P-cycling module was developed and linked to other modules included in the SPACSYS model. We used a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv Xi-19) field experiment at Rothamsted Research in Harpenden to calibrate and validate the model. Model performance statistics show that the model simulated aboveground dry matter, P accumulation and soil moisture dynamics reasonably well. Simulated dynamics of soil nitrate and ammonium were close to the observed data when P fertiliser was applied. However, there are large discrepancies in fields without P fertiliser. This study demonstrated that the SPACSYS model was able to investigate the interactions between carbon, nitrogen, P and water in a single process-based model after the tested P module was implemented.

Genotypic differences in phosphorus acquisition efficiency and root performance of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) under low-phosphorus stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bolang Chen ◽  
Qinghui Wang ◽  
Heike Bücking ◽  
Jiandong Sheng ◽  
Jia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Fine Root Length ◽  
Cotton Genotypes

Low availability of phosphorus (P) is a major constraint to production of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The extent to which genotypic variation in root traits exists or contributes to P-acquisition efficiency (PAE) in cotton is unknown. To assess genetic variation in PAE, the biomass and P-acquisition characteristics of 32 cotton genotypes were evaluated in a hydroponic experiment. Significant genotypic variation in biomass and P content was detected among the cotton genotypes in two seasons. We then conducted a 2-year pot experiment to compare P-efficiency traits between three P-efficient and two P-inefficient genotypes under P-deficient and P-sufficient conditions (0 and 75 mg P2O5 kg–1 soil, respectively). We detected significant differences in biomass accumulation and allocation, P accumulation and allocation, root traits and PAE among the five cotton genotypes under P-sufficient and P-deficient conditions. Compared with P-inefficient genotypes, P-efficient genotypes had longer surface fine roots, and greater total root surface area, total root length, surface root length, and P concentration (partitioning index) in bolls. Root morphology, especially surface fine root length and middle root length, played an important role in P uptake under P-deficient conditions.

scholarly journals Phosphorus accumulation and pollution potential in a hapludult fertilized with pig manure

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Guardini ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos ◽  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Tales Tiecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Total P

Successive applications of pig litter to the soil surface can increase the phosphorus (P) content and alter its adsorption, promoting P transfer to surface or subsurface waters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate P accumulation and the pollution potential of a soil after application of pig litter. In March 2010, eight years after the installation of an experiment in Braço do Norte, Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil, on a Typic Hapludult, soil was sampled (layers 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-30 cm) after the following fertilization treatments: no pig litter fertilization, pig slurry application and pig manure application. In this period, 694 and 1,890 kg P2O5 ha-1 were applied in the treatments with pig slurry and pig manure, respectively. The P content was determined, based on Mehlich-1, anion exchange resin (AER), 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 and total P in the samples. The adsorption isotherm parameters were also determined by the Langmuir and Koski-Vähälä & Hartikainem models in the layers 0-2.5 and 20-30 cm. The application of 1,890 kg P2O5 ha-1 in the form of pig manure led to P accumulation, as evidenced by Mehlich-1, down to a depth of 15 cm, by AER and 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 down to 20 cm and by total P to 30 cm. After application of 1,890 kg P2O5 ha-1 in the form of pig manure, the values of maximum P adsorption capacity were lowest in the deepest layer (20-30 cm), indicating the occupation of part of the adsorption sites of the particles. The application of swine manure to the soil over eight years increased the P quantity in the soil solution of the surface layer, indicating environmental contamination risk for surface and subsurface waters.

Phosphorus accumulation by field-grown canola crops and the potential for deep phosphorus placement in a Mediterranean-type climate

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry J. Rose ◽  
Zed Rengel ◽  
Qifu Ma ◽  
John W. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Placement ◽  
Seed Yields

When the bulk of phosphorus (P) is located near the soil surface, spring drying of topsoil in Mediterranean-type climates can reduce P availability to crops and cause potential yield loss. In crop species that require a P supply during spring, deep-placement of P fertiliser has proved an effective method of improving P availability and grain yields; however, the spring P demand of field-grown canola (Brassica napus L.) and therefore potential response to deep P placement is not known. This study investigated the effect of deep- (0.17–0.18 m), conventional- (shallow, 0.07–0.08 m), split- (50% deep, 50% shallow), and nil-P fertiliser treatments on P accumulation and seed yields of canola in two field trials. In addition, a glasshouse experiment with different depths of P fertiliser placement and topsoil drying at different growth stages was conducted. In the glasshouse study, deep P placement resulted in greater P uptake by plants, but did not increase seed yields regardless of the time of topsoil drying. At the relatively high-soil-P field site (canola grown on residual P application from the previous year) in a dry season, there was no biomass response to any residual P fertiliser treatments, and P accumulation had ceased by mid flowering. At the low-P field site, P accumulation continued throughout flowering and silique-filling, and seed yields increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) in the order of split- > deep- > shallow- > nil-P treatments. Improved seed yields in the split- and deep-P treatments appeared to be the direct result of enhanced P availability; in particular, P uptake during vegetative growth (winter) was higher in the treatments with deep P placement. A greater understanding of P accumulation by field-grown canola in relation to soil P properties is needed for better defining optimum P fertiliser placement recommendations.

scholarly journals Dietary supplemental vitamin D3enhances phosphorus absorption and utilisation by regulating gene expression of related phosphate transporters in the small intestine of broilers

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Shao ◽  
Qian Wen ◽  
Shumin Zhang ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Liyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
P Content ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
Supplemental Vitamin ◽  
Hepatic Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
Tibia Ash ◽  
P Absorption

AbstractThe present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of dietary supplemental vitamin D3(VD3) on P absorption and utilisation as well as its related mechanisms in the small intestine of broilers. A total of 384 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were assigned randomly into four treatments following a completely randomised design with a 2 (dietary non-phytate P (NPP) contents: 0·43 and 0·22 %)×2 (dietary VD3supplemental levels: 0 and 87·5 μg/kg) factorial arrangement. The experiment lasted for 22 d. The results showed that P contents in serum from the hepatic portal vein and tibia ash of broilers were higher (P<0·05) for 0·43 % NPP than for 0·22 % NPP. The type IIb Na-dependent phosphate cotransporter (NaP-IIb) protein expressions in the duodenum and ileum were higher (P<0·05) also for 0·43 % NPP than 0·22 % NPP. Supplementation of VD3enhanced (P<0·05) tibia P retention rate and type III Na-dependent phosphate cotransporter (PiT)-1 protein expression in the duodenum of all broilers. Moreover, VD3supplementation decreased (P<0·002) mortality and increased (P<0·02) serum P content from the hepatic portal vein after 4 h of feeding, tibia ash content, tibia ash P content and protein expressions of NaP-IIb and PiT-1 in the jejunum of broilers fed diet with 0·22 % NPP. Thus, dietary supplemental VD3promoted intestinal P absorption and bone P utilisation, and this effect might be associated with enhanced PiT-1 levels in the duodenum and PiT-1 and NaP-IIb levels in the jejunum respectively when dietary NPP is limiting.

scholarly journals Analysis of Environmental Purification Effect of Riparian Forest with Poplar Trees for Ecological Watershed Management: A Case Study in the Floodplain of the Dam Reservoir in Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6871
Author(s):  
Gwon-Soo Bahn ◽  
Byung-Chul An
Keyword(s):  
Nonpoint Source Pollution ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Riparian Forests ◽  
Plant Body ◽  
Poplar Trees ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Poplar Tree

The Total Nitrogen(T-N) and Total Phosphors(T-P) contents in the soils of three riparian forests with poplar trees were compared with the surrounding cultivated and uncultivated lands. Three key results were obtained by analyzing poplar tree volume and the T-N and T-P content in the plant body. First, in soil surveys covering 36 points, the T-N and T-P content in the riparian forests were 0.064% and 0.036%, respectively, whereas in non-riparian forests, they were 0.147% and 0.101%, respectively. The two areas had significantly different T-N and T-P values. Within the non-riparian-forest category, the T-N and T-P content in cultivated land was 0.174% and 0.103%, respectively, showing significant differences from riparian forest values. When comparing riparian forests and uncultivated land, the T-N contents were not significantly different (p > 0.113), but the T-P content of 0.095% showed a significant difference (p < 0.006). Second, the total poplar tree volumes of the riparian forest test sites 1, 2, and 3 were 466.46 m3, 171.34 m3, and 75.76 m3, respectively. The T-N and T-P accumulation per unit area was the largest in site 1, at 497.75 kg/ha and 112.73 kg/ha, respectively. The larger the tree volume, the larger the T-N and T-P accumulation in the plant body, and the lower the T-N and T-P content in the soil. Third, analyzing the T-N and T-P removal rate in relation to the environmental conditions of the riparian forests showed that site 3 had the smallest total poplar tree content, and the T-N and T-P accumulation per unit area (ha) was also relatively low at just 56% and 68% of the average value. The main causes of this outcome are thought to be the differences in environmental conditions, such as the crop cultivated before poplar planting began and the terrain. The research results verify that riparian forests with poplar trees reduced T-N and T-P content in the soils. The growth of poplar is expected to increase the removal of T-N and T-P from the soil and contribute to the reduction of various nonpoint source pollution flows into rivers and lakes and to the purification of soil in flooded areas. Therefore, riparian forests can act as a form of green infrastructure and as a system to remove nonpoint source pollution in ecological watershed management.

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