Genotypic variation in salinity tolerance of Distichlis spicata turf ecotypes

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Marcum ◽  
Nicholas P. Yensen ◽  
John E. Leake
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Relative Root Growth ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Relative Root

Water quantity and quality issues are accelerating the search for alternative xeriphytic and halophytic turf species. Growth and physiological responses to salinity of eight Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene genotypes were observed to elucidate salinity tolerance mechanisms operating in the species. Accession 1043 was superior in salinity tolerance to other genotypes, as indicated by percentage canopy green leaf area, relative (to control) shoot growth, relative root growth, and rooting depth, when exposed to increasing salinity up to 1.0 mol/L NaCl. Salinity tolerance was associated with complete, though minimal, shoot osmotic adjustment, maintenance of low shoot saline ion levels, and high shoot K+/Na+ ratios, all of which were facilitated by high leaf salt gland ion excretion rates.

scholarly journals SELEKSI KETAHANAN BEBERAPA KULTIVAR PADI (Oryza sativa L.) LOKAL ASAL KALIMANTAN TIMUR TERHADAP CEKAMAN ALUMINIUM PADA FASE PERKECAMBAHAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Nurul Aini ◽  
Susylowati Susylowati ◽  
Nurhasanah Nurhasanah
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Relative Root Growth ◽  
Relative Root

Food security and sovereignty can be realized through the expansion of agricultural land to the marginal lands. One type of marginal land is acidie soils with high levels of aluminum (Al) toxicity. An efficient and environmentally friendly approach to utilizeng acidie soils as agricultural land is by using rice varieties which have a high tolerance to aluminum stress on acidie soils. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aluminum stress on the growth of the local rice from East Kalimantan and to select the tolerant cultivars against aluminum stress at the germination stage. The study was conducted for three months (May-July 2018), at Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mulawarman, Samarinda.  This study used a Split Plot Design with three replications. As the main plot was Aluminum stress concentration (A) consisting of 3 levels, namely 0, 250 and 500 ppm of AlCl3 and as subplots were 25 rice genotypes, consisting of 23 local rice cultivars from East Kalimantan (V) and two genotypes as tolerant (Mekongga) and sensitive (IR64) controls. Assessment of aluminum tolerance level was carried out by calculating plant sensitivity index values against aluminum stress based on the Relative Root Growth (RRG) and Relative Shoot Growth (SRG) parameters. Other plant growth parameter data, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, were analyzed using analysis of variance at the test level α = 0.05, and the post-hoch test using Honestly Significant Difference test (HSD). Aluminum stress caused disruption of the East Kalimantan local rice cultivars growth, especially root growth. Aluminum concentration at either 250 ppm or 500 ppm reduced relative root growth and further damage the root system of the rice plants causing roots stunted and thickened. Likewise with shoot growth parameter, there was a relative shoot growth decline due to the aluminum stress on the plants. Two local rice cultivars of East Kalimantan, Pulut Mayang and Pulut Linjuang, were consistently tolerant to aluminum stress either in 250 ppm or 500 ppm of AlCl3; while Kawit, Bentian, Mayas Putih and Ketan putih cultivars were only classified as tolerant at a concentration of 250 ppm aluminum. On the other hand, a control sensitive variety IR64 showed the susceptibility to 250 and 500 ppm aluminum stress.

Plasticity tradeoffs in salt tolerance mechanisms among desert Distichlis spicata genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne E. Lazarus ◽  
James H. Richards ◽  
Phoebe E. Gordon ◽  
Lorence R. Oki ◽  
Corey S. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Dust Control ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Dry Lake ◽  
Gender Based

We investigated genetic differences in salinity tolerance among 20 saltgrass (Distichlis spicata (L.) Greene) genotypes, including constitutive, gender-based and phenotypic plasticity traits, to better understand the basis of adaptation and acclimation by saltgrass in diverse environments. On average, the plants survived NaCl treatments up to ~1 M, with reductions in growth and health that varied with genotype. For these 20 genotypes in a greenhouse study, we showed that greater plasticity in one salt tolerance mechanism was physiologically linked to lesser plasticity in another. Under various levels of constant salinity stress, genotypes employing a strategy of greater plasticity in foliar Na and lesser plasticity in both foliar K : Na and Na turnover rate were better able to substitute Na for K in some cellular functions, especially osmotic adjustment, leading to increased salinity tolerance. Although we observed gender segregation with salinity in the Owens (Dry) Lake Playa (Inyo County, CA, USA) population planted for dust control, from which the genotypes were collected, we did not observe gender differences in salinity tolerance in the greenhouse. Significant physiological plasticity tradeoffs among genotypes, however, did affect overall salinity tolerance and may be important for this species survival in diverse managed and natural habitats.

scholarly journals The Use of Germination Indices for Salinity Tolerance Classification of Pepper Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1304
Author(s):  
Gamze Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Germination Indices

The study aimed to evaluate the use of germination indices as a screening tool for salinity tolerance during germination and early seedling growth of pepper cultivars, and to distinguish the potential for genetic responses to salt tolerance. In the study, the seeds of seven pepper cultivars were germinated at increasing NaCl levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 dS/m and distilled water as the control treatment for 14 days. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination index (GI), germination stress tolerance index (GSTI), seedling length (SL), seedling fresh weight (SFW) and vigor index (VI) were investigated. Results showed that germination percentage decreased with increasing NaCl levels while the highest germination percentage at 20 dS/m was 92% in BT Burdem with no significant reduction. Seedling growth of pepper cultivars was severely inhibited by increasing salinity stress. SFW was depressed depending on reduction in SL due to increasing NaCl. BT-Burli and BT İnce Sivri were the most tolerant cultivars to NaCl and they were used for genetic resources towards salinity. Seedling growth was much more sensitive to salinity than germination because of the highest percent reduction in seedling growth parameters. Among the parameters, GSTI gave the highest significant correlation coefficient with SL and SFW; indicating that it would be useful for estimating seedling growth. It was concluded that genotypic variation was observed among pepper cultivars for salinity tolerance and GSTI could be used for a predictor for salinity tolerance.

Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analysis reveals salinity tolerance mechanisms in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 254 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayan Ukwatta ◽  
Isaiah Catalino M. Pabuayon ◽  
Jungjae Park ◽  
Junping Chen ◽  
Xiaoqiang Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

scholarly journals Effect of salinity on the zinc(II) binding efficiency of siderophore functional groups and implications for salinity tolerance mechanisms in barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. R. Northover ◽  
Yiru Mao ◽  
Haris Ahmed ◽  
Salvador Blasco ◽  
Ramon Vilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Chelating Ability ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBacteria, fungi and grasses use siderophores to access micronutrients. Hence, the metal binding efficiency of siderophores is directly related to ecosystem productivity. Salinization of natural solutions, linked to climate change induced sea level rise and changing precipitation patterns, is a serious ecological threat. In this study, we investigate the impact of salinization on the zinc(II) binding efficiency of the major siderophore functional groups, namely the catecholate (for bacterial siderophores), α-hydroxycarboxylate (for plant siderophores; phytosiderophores) and hydroxamate (for fungal siderophores) bidentate motifs. Our analysis suggests that the order of increasing susceptibility of siderophore classes to salinity in terms of their zinc(II) chelating ability is: hydroxamate < catecholate < α-hydroxycarboxylate. Based on this ordering, we predict that plant productivity is more sensitive to salinization than either bacterial or fungal productivity. Finally, we show that previously observed increases in phytosiderophore release by barley plants grown under salt stress in a medium without initial micronutrient deficiencies, are in line with the reduced zinc(II) binding efficiency of the α-hydroxycarboxylate ligand and hence important for the salinity tolerance of whole-plant zinc(II) status.

Reduced growth and yield of wheat with conservation cropping. I. Field studies in the first year of the cropping phase

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Kirkegaard ◽  
JF Angus ◽  
PA Gardner ◽  
W Muller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Direct Drilling

An experiment was conducted on a red earth at Harden, N.S.W., to investigate the effects of tillage and stubble management on the growth and yield of wheat in the first year of conservation cropping. Treatments involved stubble-management systems of incorporation, burning or retention combined with tillage systems of either direct drilling or minimum tillage. The experiment was conducted on an oat stubble of 3.9 t ha-1. Direct drilling and stubble retention both reduced seedling growth by 15%, compared to cultivated and stubble burnt treatments, but had no effect on plant density or tillering. The effects on shoot growth were additive and persisted until maturity, leading to grain yields which varied from 2.16 t ha-1 for the stubble-mulched, direct-drilled treatment to 3.20 t ha-1 for the burned-stubble, minimum-till treatment. Direct drilling reduced the total root length in the profile (0-160 cm) at anthesis by 40%, but there was no effect of stubble retention. Reduced shoot growth and rooting depth on direct-drilled and stubble-retained treatments reduced the recovery of water and mineral N by the crop and increased the leaching of mineral N below the root zone. Early shoot growth reductions on direct-drilled plots were not related to levels of soil water, mineral nitrogen (N) or soil temperature. Reduced shoot growth was associated with increased severity of Rhizoctonia in some direct drilled plots, but growth reductions often occurred in the absence of obvious symptoms. High soil strength (>2 MPa) in the top 10 cm of soil may have contributed to reduced growth, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Reduced growth associated with the presence of stubble was not caused by immobilization of N or increased leaf disease, although reduced soil temperatures may have been partly responsible.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation in salinity tolerance and its association with nodulation and nitrogen uptake in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Song ◽  
Takayuki Nakajima ◽  
Donghe Xu ◽  
Koki Homma ◽  
Makie Kokubun
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Genotypic Variation

Root length density and water uptake in cereals and grain legumes: how well are they correlated

1987 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
AP Hamblin ◽  
D Tennant
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Length Density ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Axial Resistance

Total root length per unit ground area (La) is often considered to be directly related to the amount and rate of water uptake. Experiments were conducted to compare the water use of spring wheat, barley, lupin (L. angustifolius) and field pea on four differing soil types in drought-stressed conditions. The La values of cereals were consistently five to ten times as large as those of grain legumes, whereas the aboveground biomass was sim~iar and never greater than twice that of the grain legumes. Growing-season water loss (WL) from the soil profile was very similar for wheat and lupins, despite this big difference in root length. Soil evaporation may have been greater under lupins, but when crop water uptake was compared for the period when leaf area was greatest, rates of change in soil water content within the root zone were still similar and were not well correlated with La. Specific root water uptake (Ur) was consistently greater for lupin than wheat. Maximum rooting depth was better correlated with WL than was La in all cases. Higher Ur values in lupin and pea may be related to their large and abundant metaxylem vessels, which give much lower axial resistance than in cereals. These results provide strong evidence for genotypic variation in root morphology, density and root extension between dicotyledenous and monocotyledenous species. They also indicate that La is not necessarily the root morphological characteristic most responsible for efficiency of water uptake in drought-stressed environments.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of Ryegrass Turf Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1882-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Marcum ◽  
Mohammad Pessarakli
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Clipping ◽  
Canopy Area ◽  
Leaf Canopy

Relative salinity tolerance of 32 perennial (Lolium perenne L.) and three intermediate (Lolium ×hybridum Hausskn.) ryegrass turf cultivars was determined by measuring turf leaf clipping dry weight, root weight, rooting depth, and percent green leaf canopy area relative to control (non-salinized) plants. After gradual acclimation, grasses were exposed to moderate salinity stress (6 dS·m−1) for 6 weeks through solution culture in a controlled environment greenhouse. Shoot parameters were highly correlated, being mutually effective predictors of salinity tolerance. After 6 weeks of salinity stress, percent green leaf canopy area (GL) was correlated with relative (to control) final week leaf clipping weight (LWREL) (r = 0.90) and with linear slope of decline of weekly leaf clipping weight over the 6-week exposure to salinity (LWSLOPE) (r = 0.66). Rooting parameters root dry weight (RW) and rooting depth (RD), although significantly correlated with all shoot parameters, were only moderately effective in predicting relative salinity tolerance. ‘Paragon’ was the most salt-tolerant as indicated by all parameters. Other salt-tolerant cultivars included Divine and Williamsburg. Intermediate ryegrass cultivars (Froghair, Midway, and Transist) were invariably found within the most salt-sensitive category for all parameters.

scholarly journals Relative Salinity Tolerance of 21 Turf-type Desert Saltgrasses Compared to Bermudagrass

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Marcum ◽  
Mohammad Pessarakli ◽  
David M. Kopec
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Total Salinity ◽  
Relative Root

Relative salinity tolerance of 21 desert saltgrass accessions (Distichlis spicata [L.] Greene var. stricta (Torr.) Beetle), and one hybrid bermudagrass `Midiron' (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers. var. dactylon × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy `Midiron') were determined via solution culture in a controlled-environment greenhouse. Salinity in treatment tanks was gradually raised, and grasses progressively exposed to 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 m total salinity in sequence. Grasses were held at each salinity level for 1 week, followed by determination of relative salinity injury. Relative (to control) live green shoot weight (SW), relative root weight (RW), and % canopy green leaf area (GLA) were highly correlated with one-another (all r values >0.7), being mutually effective indicators of relative salinity tolerance. The range of salinity tolerance among desert saltgrass accessions was substantial, though all were more tolerant than bermudagrass. Accessions A77, A48, and A55 suffered little visual shoot injury, and continued shoot and root growth at a low level, when exposed up to 1.0 m (71,625 mg·L–1); sea water is about 35,000 mg·L–1), and therefore can be considered halophytes.

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