The effect of wet season land treatment and nitrogen fertilizer on safflower, linseed, and wheat in the Ord River valley. 1. Soil and crop nitrogen

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Wetselaar ◽  
DF Beech
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Yields ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Highly Correlated

Safflower, linseed, and wheat were grown under irrigation at Kimberley Research Station in the 1964 dry season following 6 and 18 month clean and weedy fallows. Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer, as ammonium sulphate and urea, were superimposed. Crop nitrogen yields were highest after 18 months clean fallow, and were highly correlated with the amount of nitrate-nitrogen that had accumulated in the soil profile during the preceding fallow period. For wheat, which was the most efficient user of mineral nitrogen, 160 lb nitrogen an acre as ammonium sulphate was required after 18 months weedy fallow to equal the crop nitrogen yield after 18 months clean fallow without nitrogen fertilizer. The mean crop nitrogen yield with urea was only 76.7 per cent of that with ammonium sulphate. The results indicate that the form, and possibly the distribution, of mineral nitrogen in the soil in the early stages of crop growth could be important factors determining the efficiency of nitrogen for optimum plant performance.

The effect of wet season land treatment and nitrogen fertilizer on safflower, linseed, and wheat in the Ord River valley. 2. Safflower and linseed

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Beech ◽  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Gila safflower and RR 204 linseed were grown under irrigation at Kimberley Research Station in the 1964 dry season after 6-months and 18-months clean and weedy fallows. Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer, as ammonium sulphate and as urea, were superimposed. Seed yield responses to nitrogen fertilizer up to 80 lb N an acre (safflower) and 160 lb N an acre (linseed) were obtained after weedy fallows, but after 18 months clean fallow neither crop showed a significant response to nitrogen fertilizer up to 160 lb N an acre. Ammonium sulphate was more effective than urea at equivalent rates of nitrogen per acre. The amount of nitrate-nitrogen in the top three feet of soil shortly before planting was related to the total nitrogen yield of linseed at maturity, which, in turn, was closely related to seed yield. Increases in seed yield of linseed with clean fallowing and nitrogen fertilizer were largely the result of increases in bolls per plant and 100-seed weight.

The effect of wet season land treatment and nitrogen fertilizer on safflower, linseed, and wheat in the Ord River valley. 3. Wheat

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Beech ◽  
MJT Norman ◽  
GA McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wet Season

Gabo wheat was grown under irrigation at Kimberley Research Station in the 1964 dry season following 6 months and 18 months clean and weedy fallows. Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer, as ammonium sulphate and urea, were superimposed. After 6 months clean fallow and 6 and 18 months weedy fallows, grain and dry-matter yield responded to up to 160 lb N an acre. Grain and dry-matter yield after 6 months clean fallow were greater than those after weedy fallows at the same nitrogen fertilizer level. After 18 months clean fallow no significant responses to nitrogen fertilizer were obtained. Mitscherlich curves were fitted to the total dry-matter and grain yield responses to nitrogen fertilizer after the four fallowing treatments. The analysis indicated that 1 part of nitrogen as ammonium sulphate was equivalent to 1.61 (dry matter) or 1.72 (grain) parts of nitrogen as urea. There were strong correlations (r = 0.956 for dry matter; r = 0.917 for grain) between the Mitscherlich constants for individual replicates of the fallow treatments and soil nitrate-nitrogen measured in the 0-3 foot profile before sowing. Soil nitrate-nitrogen, mineralized and accumulated during a summer clean fallow, appears to be almost three times as effective in producing a grain yield response as nitrogen applied as ammonium sulphate at sowing, and almost five times as effective as urea nitrogen at sowing.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Its Application Efficiency on Two Local Sorghum Cultivars Sorghum bicolor L. Moench

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Abdulla A. Mohamed Muflahi ◽  
Ahmed Saleh Basuaid
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A field experiment was carried out at El-Kod Agricultural Research Station, Abyan Delta, Abyan Governorate during the seasons 2014 and 2015 in soil sandy silt to assess four levels of nitrogen fertilizers (0, 55, 110 and 165 kg N/ha) utilizing urea fertilizer (46% N) on some crop characteristics and efficiency of nitrogen application on two local cultivars of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench). Split plot design was applied in four replicates. Fertilizer levels were distributed in main plots whereas, the cultivars in subplots. The results revealed significant differences between cultivars Benny and Saif in all characteristics during the two seasons. Cultivar Benny was significantly superior to cultivar Saif in all crop characteristics, except the length of spike which was significantly superior in Saif cultivar compared to cultivar Benny in both seasons. The increase in nitrogen level led to significant increase in all parameters of crop growth under study in both seasons, where the highest dose of nitrogen (165 kg N/ha) gave highest grain yield (3013 and 3201 kg/ha) in both seasons respectively, while the efficiency of nitrogen utilization declined with increased level of nitrogen application and highest value in nitrogen efficiency (12.78 kg grain/kg N). The interaction between cultivars and nitrogen fertilizer showed significant differences in terms of all studied parameters during both seasons. The cultivar Benny responded to high level of nitrogen (165 kg N/ha) and gave high grain yield (3640 and 3305 kg/ha) in both seasons respectively. The results yielded significant effect for efficiency of nitrogen application on grain yield between the cultivars, the levels of fertilizers and their interaction in the first season whereas, no significant differences were detected in the second season.

scholarly journals Wet season cyanobacterial N enrichment highly correlated with species richness and <i>Nostoc</i> in the northern Australian savannah

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2149-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Williams ◽  
Burkhard Büdel ◽  
Stephen Williams
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Research Station ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. The Boodjamulla National Park research station is situated in the north-western Queensland dry savannah, where the climate is dominated by summer monsoons and virtually dry winters. Under shrub canopies and in between the tussock grasses cyanobacterial crusts almost entirely cover the flood plain soil surfaces. Seasonality drives N fixation, and in the savannah this has a large impact on both plant and soil function. Many cyanobacteria fix dinitrogen that is liberated into the soil in both inorganic and organic N forms. We examined cyanobacterial species richness and bioavailable N spanning 7 months of a typical wet season. Over the wet season cyanobacterial richness ranged from 6 to 19 species. N-fixing Scytonema accounted for seasonal averages between 51 and 93 % of the biocrust. Cyanobacterial richness was highly correlated with N fixation and bioavailable N in 0–1 cm. Key N-fixing species such as Nostoc, Symploca and Gloeocapsa significantly enriched soil N although Nostoc was the most influential. Total seasonal N fixation by cyanobacteria demonstrated the variability in productivity according to the number of wet days as well as the follow-on days where the soil retained adequate moisture. Based on total active days per month we estimated that N soil enrichment via cyanobacteria would be  ∼  5.2 kg ha−1 annually which is comparable to global averages. This is a substantial contribution to the nutrient-deficient savannah soils that are almost entirely reliant on the wet season for microbial turnover of organic matter. Such well-defined seasonal trends and synchronisation in cyanobacterial species richness, N fixation, bioavailable N and C fixation (Büdel et al., 2018) provide important contributions to multifunctional microprocesses and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Cyanobacterial species richness and <i>Nostoc</i> highly correlated to seasonal N enrichment in the northern Australian savannah

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Williams ◽  
Burkhard Büdel ◽  
Stephen Williams
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Research Station ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Boodjamulla National Park research station is situated in north-west Queensland in the dry savannah where the climate is dominated by summer monsoons and virtually dry winters. Cyanobacterial crusts almost entirely cover the flood plain soil surfaces in between the tussock grasses. Cyanobacteria fix dinitrogen that is liberated into the soil in both inorganic and organic N forms. Seasonality drives N-fixation and in the savannah, this has a large impact on both plant and soil function. In this research project, we examined the cyanobacterial species richness and bioavailable N spanning the seven months of a typical wet season. We hypothesised that cyanobacterial richness and bioavailable N would peak at the time of the heaviest rains and gradually decline in the latter stages of the wet season. We also anticipated that the abundance of N-fixing cyanobacteria would be correlated to N-fixation and N-enrichment of the surface soils. Over the wet season cyanobacterial richness ranged from 6–19 species. N-fixing Scytonema accounted on average across the season for 74 % of the biocrust in varying proportions throughout the season. Cyanobacterial richness was highly correlated with N-fixation and bioavailable N in 0–1 cm. It was established key N-fixing species such as Nostoc, Symploca and Gloeocapsa significantly enriched soil N although Nostoc was the most influential. Total seasonal N fixation by cyanobacteria demonstrated the variability in productivity according to the number of wet days as well as the follow-on days where the soil retained adequate moisture. Based on total active days per month we estimated that N-soil enrichment via cyanobacteria would be ~ 5.2 kg ha−1 annually which is comparable to global averages. This is a substantial contribution to the nutrient deficient savannah soils that are almost entirely reliant on the wet season for microbial turnover of organic matter. This seasonal pattern in atmospheric N-fixation and transformation to a bioavailable form was also present in C-fixation results from parallel research. Such well-defined seasonal trends and synchronisation in cyanobacterial species richness, N-fixation, bioavailable N and C fixation provide significant contributions to multi-functional microprocesses and soil fertility.

The effect of land treatment in the preceding wet season on yield of linseed in the Ord River Valley

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (14) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Beech ◽  
MJT Norman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Soil Nitrogen Supply

Two experiments were carried out at Kimberley Research Station, W.A., in 1960-61 and 1961-62, to test the effects of treatment of land in the wet season prior to growing a dry season irrigated linseed crop. In both experiments, the lowest linseed yields were obtained after a resting fallow, when the land remained uncultivated over the whole wet season, and high yields were obtained after a clean fallow, involving repeated cultivations. However, in the second experiment, equally high yields were obtained after a single early wet season ploughing. Factorial combinations of herbicide and nitrogen fertilizer treatments were superimposed. From the interactions it was concluded that, in the first experiment, the beneficial effects of wet season cultivation were the result of increased available soil nitrogen supply, and, in the second experiment, of increased nitrogen supply and reduction in weed infestation.

Effect of FYM and Fertilizers Nutrition on Production Potential, Nutrients Uptake and Soil Properties under Rice-Wheat Cropping System

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Crop Research ◽  
Properties Of Soil

A field experiment was conducted during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2001-2005 in regular crop sequence at Crop Research Station, Nawabganj, CSA University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur in order to find out the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) and NPK levels in rice-wheat cropping system. One level of FYM (10 t ha-1) and one level of N (120 kg ha-1),three levels of P (0, 30, 60 kg ha-1), four levels of K (0, 30, 60, 90 kg ha-1) were tested. The grain yield of rice and wheat crops were increased at levels of FYM (10 t ha-1) and NPK (120, 60, 60 kg h a-1). The application of FYM with 120 kg N, 60 kg P O and 60 kg K O ha-1 gave significantly highest yield of rice and wheat crops. The 2 5 2 application of NPK fertilizers with FYM were found increased in their uptake. The application of NPK fertilizers with FYM was found improvements in physio-chemical properties of soil like soil ph, organic carbon and available NPK.

scholarly journals Measured and modelled cloud condensation nuclei number concentration at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 7891-7906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Jurányi ◽  
M. Gysel ◽  
E. Weingartner ◽  
P. F. DeCarlo ◽  
L. Kammermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Particle Mobility ◽  
Kohler Theory ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particles are able to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and are therefore important for the climate and the hydrological cycle, but their properties are not fully understood. Total CCN number concentrations at 10 different supersaturations in the range of SS=0.12–1.18% were measured in May 2008 at the remote high alpine research station, Jungfraujoch, Switzerland (3580 m a.s.l.). In this paper, we present a closure study between measured and predicted CCN number concentrations. CCN predictions were done using dry number size distribution (scanning particle mobility sizer, SMPS) and bulk chemical composition data (aerosol mass spectrometer, AMS, and multi-angle absorption photometer, MAAP) in a simplified Köhler theory. The predicted and the measured CCN number concentrations agree very well and are highly correlated. A sensitivity study showed that the temporal variability of the chemical composition at the Jungfraujoch can be neglected for a reliable CCN prediction, whereas it is important to know the mean chemical composition. The exact bias introduced by using a too low or too high hygroscopicity parameter for CCN prediction was further quantified and shown to be substantial for the lowest supersaturation. Despite the high average organic mass fraction (~45%) in the fine mode, there was no indication that the surface tension was substantially reduced at the point of CCN activation. A comparison between hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), AMS/MAAP, and CCN derived κ values showed that HTDMA measurements can be used to determine particle hygroscopicity required for CCN predictions if no suitable chemical composition data are available.

Effects of Phosphorus and Carbofuran on the Growth and Nitrogen Fixation of Azolla pinnata and the Yield of Rice

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Singh ◽  
P. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Azolla Pinnata ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Nitrogen Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Dry Seasons

SUMMARYThe effects of phosphorus fertilizer and the insecticide carbofuran on the growth and N2-fixation of Azolla pinnata and on the growth, grain yield and nitrogen uptake of intercropped rice were examined in a wet and a dry season. Treatment with phosphorus or carbofuran increased the biomass of Azolla and the amount of nitrogen fixed (nitrogen yield) in both seasons, but the response was much better in the dry season. Azolla inoculation at 1.0 t ha−1 resulted in a greater bio mass and nitrogen yield than inoculation at 0.5 t ha−1. In the dry season, a combination of phosphorus and carbofuran enhanced the growth and N2-fixation of Azolla more than either treatment alone. Carbofuran treatment slowed the rate of decomposition of Azolla, particularly in the dry season. The plant height, leaf area index and dry matter production of rice at flowering time were increased in the plots treated with phosphorus or carbofuran in the wet season and these treatments increased rice grain yield and nitrogen uptake in both the wet and dry seasons.

scholarly journals Effect of Ammonium Sulfate Application Levels on the Growth and Yield of IR-28 Rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claurence Nkumbe Ndille ◽  
Michael Amos Ballah ◽  
Shafiqullah Safi ◽  
Isaac Mupeta
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Sulfate Application ◽  
Plant Length

The study was conducted in JICA Tsukuba experimental rice field RE-2 from April 2018 to September 2018, to determine the effect of different levels of nitrogen fertilizer (Ammonium sulfate) application, on the growth and the yield of IR-28 rice. Four levels of nitrogen fertilizer were applied; 0kg.ha-1 (N0), 40kg.ha-1(N40), 60kg.ha-1(N60) and 80kg.ha-1(N80). For each of the four levels, part of the fertilizer was applied as basal dressing prior to transplanting, and the rest was applied as top-dressing at the panicle initiation stage. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments and three replications. The plant length, the tiller number and the leaf colour were measured for growth data. The number of panicles per m2, the number of spikelets per panicle, the spikelet fertility rate, the 1000 grains weight, and the calculated yield were determined for yield components assessment. The plant length and the tiller number were significantly higher in N80 and N60 compared to N40 and N0, and N80 showed the highest values. There was no significant difference among the four nitrogen levels in terms of the number of panicles per m2 and the number of spikelets per panicle. The spikelet fertility rate and the 1000 grains weight were significantly higher in N80, N60 and N40 compared to N0, and no significant difference was observed among the three. Calculated yield values were higher in N80 (5.74 tons.ha-1) and N60 (5.38 tons.ha-1) compared to N40(4.88 tons.ha-1) and N0 (4.36 tons.ha-1), but there were no significant differences among the four treatments (5% Level of HSD). These results suggest that a high yield of rice can be achieved through the application of high amounts of nitrogen fertilizers. N60 nitrogen level can be recommended for optimum yield of IR-28. Although N80 showed higher yield and yield components, N60 is the best and the most economical nitrogen level required for optimum yield of IR-28.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document