The influence of mineral nutrition on the susceptibility of apple trees to infection by Trametes (Polystictus) versicolor

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 436 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wade
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Woody Tissues

Trametes (Polysticus) versicolor is shown to be highly pathogenic to apple trees grown in sand culture with a nutrient deficient in phosphorus. Less vigorous attack occurred on trees deficient in magnesium, potassium or calcium; but nitrogen deficient trees, or those receiving complete nutrients, developed no macroscopically visible symptoms following inoculation. The fungus penetrated all inoculated limbs irrespective of treatment, but in complete and nitrogen deficient trees no attack on woody tissues developed. Phosphorus deficiency had only a slight effect on phosphorus content of leaves, but a very marked effect on bark and wood phosphorus. Analytical data presented in the paper demonstrates several interactions between elements.

scholarly journals Nutrient Interactions and Deficiency Diagnosis in the Lettuce IV. Phosphorus Content and Response to Phosphorus

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
AE Grant Lipp ◽  
DW Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Response ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Nutrient Interactions ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Lettuce plants grown in sand culture, and recelvmg nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium at five levels in all combinations, were analysed at different stages of growth for these elements. An attempt was made to relate these analytical data to the growth response following a supplementary application of phosphorus.

Phosphorus deficiency and phosphate uptake in the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans

1968 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Batterton ◽  
C. Van Baalen
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphate Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Anacystis Nidulans ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Atp Formation ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Dark Fixation ◽  
Phosphate Incorporation

The normal level of phosphorus in Anacystis nidulans is approximately 3.7 μg Pi/mm3 cells. This value fell to 0.5 μg Pi/mm3 cells under prolonged starvation. Even at low cellular phosphate levels, cells were viable and continued to divide slowly. With cells containing approximately 1.5 μg Pi/mm3 cells a rapid dark uptake (15 minutes) of 0.8 μg Pi/mm3 cells was found. Data obtained in the rapid dark fixation suggest that approximately 25% of the total cellular phosphorus is possibly bound on specific sites. Light had little effect on this first phase of phosphate uptake. The subsequent uptake to the normal phosphorus content per cell and return to normal growth rate required light and nitrogen.Coincident with the rapid dark phosphate incorporation, synthesis of ATP began and continued, rising far above the level of normal cells. The rate of ATP formation was not influenced by light, but was blocked by anaerobic conditions or several classical inhibitors of the electron transport chain.

Internal Phosphorus Flows During Development of Phosphorus Stress in Stylosanthes hamata

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
FW Smith ◽  
WA Jackson ◽  
PJV Berg
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Phosphorus Stress ◽  
Stylosanthes Hamata

Partitioning and net transfer of phosphorus between shoots and roots in the tropical forage legume Stylosanthes hamata cv. Verano during the development of phosphorus deficiency has been studied. Plants were stressed by either growing them in dilute flowing culture on continuously maintained external phosphorus concentrations that were inadequate for maximal growth, or by transferring plants of varying phosphorus status to phosphorus-free media. An external phosphorus concentration of 1 �M P was found to be just adequate for maximal growth of S. hamata. Phosphorus stress caused rapid and substantial increases in root weight percentage. It is proposed that this represents an important adaptive mechanism for maximising phosphorus uptake by S. hamata growing in phosphorus-deficient soils. Roots contained the minimum proportion of the plant's phosphorus content when root phosphorus concentrations were 8-10 �mol P g-1 root, and shoot phosphorus concentrations were 16-20 �mol P g-1 shoot. When tissue concentrations were less than these values, plants suffered from phosphorus stress and phosphorus was either preferentially retained by the roots or rapidly transferred from shoots to roots, reducing the growth rates of shoots, but permitting root growth to continue. Upon reducing the external phosphorus supply to plants whose root phosphorus concentrations exceeded 8 to 10 �mol P g-1 root, excess phosphorus was rapidly transferred from the root to the shoot to maintain shoot growth rates. The mobility of phospborus within the plant, and the apparent lack of any delay in transferring phosphorus from shoots to roots as phosphorus stress developed, represent another adaptive feature that is likely to be important to the successful growth of S. hamata in low phosphorus soils. When the phosphorus supply was limited, the plant's resources were directed toward maintaining root growth. Even extremely phosphorus deficient plants, in which shoot growth had ceased, maintained linear rates of root growth. These linear rates were related to the total phosphorus content of the plant. In the latter stages of phosphorus deprivation, linear rates of root growth were maintained by remobilisation of phosphorus from the older parts of the root system to sustain the phosphorus supply to the root meristems.

scholarly journals The Content Of Chlorophyll And Nutrients In Apple Leaves Depending On Long-Term Fertiliser

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Roman Yakovenko ◽  
Petro Kopytko ◽  
Vadym Pelekhatyi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Growing Conditions

An indicator of the condition of plants, depending on the growing conditions, is the state of their leaf apparatus, which is described by the content of chlorophyll and nutrients in the leaf. The leaf of an apple-tree provides synthesis of organic substances, productivity of fruit trees depends on features of its vital activity. As a method of diagnosing the mineral nutrition of fruit crops, the chemical analysis of the leaves is important, the indicators of which reflect the levels of plant nutrients. The results of studies of chlorophyll content and nutrients in the leaves of apple trees of Calville Blanc d'hiver on seed and Idared on seed and vegetative M4 rootstocks in re-grown plantations on mineral nutrition, created by long-term (over 86 years) application of various systems of comfort podzolized soil. Longterm use of organic and organo-mineral fertiliser systems contributed to an increase in chlorophyll content (a+b) in the leaves of Idared apple trees on seed and clone M4 rootstocks and Calville Blanc d'hiver on seed rootstock at different age periods of growth and fructification, which conditioned their further productivity. The content of macronutrients in the leaves of the studied cultivar combinations depended on the age of plantations and fertiliser options. In the most productive period of fructification in the leaves of Idared trees on seed and vegetative rootstocks, the nitrogen content in the areas of fertiliser options was within optimal limits. Among the studied rootstocks in the variant without fertilisers, the highest nitrogen content in the leaves was described by trees on the seed rootstock. In the leaf of the Calville Blanc d'hiver variety, the nitrogen content on the seed rootstocks in the studied variants was within the optimal range, and among the fertiliser variants the highest was for the application of mineral fertilisers. The content of phosphorus and potassium in the leaves of the trees of the studied rootstock combinations in the areas of fertiliser variants was within optimal limits

Comparative effects of foliar- and root-applied phosphorus on one-year-old trees

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
BK Taylor ◽  
LG Issell
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
One Year ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

The response of one-year-old peach trees growing in sand culture to foliar applications of 1 per cent potassium dihydrogen phosphate given in summer, autumn, or summer � autumn after initial pH adjustment to 2.5, 4.5 or 6.5 was compared with that of controls fed � phosphate via roots. After one season, it was clear that foliar-applied phosphate had been less effective than root-applied phosphate as a means of increasing tree growth and phosphorus content. This result allied with other published information suggests that foliar applications are an inefficient means of supplying phosphate to fruit trees.

Microdose effects of drugs and chemicals on the enzymes urease, diastase and trypsin

1987 ◽  
Vol 76 (03) ◽  
pp. 150-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.M. Persson
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Gold Chloride ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Sensitive Method

AbstractTwelve medicinal agents and chemicals were assessed for microdose effects on the enzymes urease, diastase and trypsin. Silver nitrate and mercuric chloride had a slight effect on urease; mercuric chloride, sulphur and after them calcium chloride had marked effect on diastase, microdoses of Iris, phosphoric acid and arsenic on trypsin. Gold chloride had only a slight effect on diastase. The remaining preparations—benzoic acid, platinum chloride and insulin—had no effect.An investigation was made to determine the effect of dynamized dilutions of iodine on starch, and the pH of phosphoric acid dilutions by electrometric methods.It has been empirically shown that colorimetry provides the most sensitive method for assessing microdose effects (dilutions up to 10−100).

scholarly journals Mineral Nutrition in Fish-XXVI. A Simple Method for Determination of Available Phosphorus Content in Fish Diet.

1992 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2095-2100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Satoh ◽  
Voranop Viyakarn ◽  
Yoshie Yamazaki ◽  
Toshio Takeuchi ◽  
Takeshi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Fish Diet ◽  
Simple Method
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