Effect of soil fertility, weed competition, defoliation and legume seeding rate on establishment of tropical pasture species in south-east Queensland

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Tropical Pasture ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Prairie Soil ◽  
Second Year

An experiment was sown at two contrasting sites in south-east Queensland to study the response of tropical pasture species in the establishment and second year to treatments imposed during the establishment year. Sowing was into fully prepared seed-beds on a nitrogen deficient low humic gley at Beerwah and a fertile prairie soil at Samford. Limiting nutrients, other than nitrogen, were supplied by fertilizer. The treatments were: two pastures (Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro/Setaria anceps and Desmodium intortum cv. Greenleaf/setaria anceps), three legume seeding rates, two defoliation systems in the establishment year, and presence or absence of severe annual grass weed competition. In the establishment year there were large treatment effects on the yields of sown pasture species. Sown weeds had a great effect, particularly on the high fertility site where they reduced setaria, desmodium and siratro yields by factors of approximately 50, 10 and 2 respectively. Legume yields increased with legume seeding rates. The sum of legume yields from the regularly cut treatments was only one-half to one-quarter that of the single end of season cut, whereas total grass yields were similar in both treatments. However, all first year treatments had much less effect in the second year, when legumes comprised about 70 per cent of mixtures at the low fertility site and 30 per cent of mixtures at the high fertility site. Some comments are made about this role of soil fertility in the dynamics of pasture establishment and about future lines of research. Results from this and other experiments suggest that pasture establishment problems on fully prepared seed-beds are not a major limitation to the wider use of tropical pastures in south-eastern Queensland.

scholarly journals Seed production of 'Grasslands Roa' tall fescue in Southland

1990 ◽  
pp. 111-113
Author(s):  
M.J. Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
First Year ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Seed Yields

Roa tall fescue was sown at Gore to study the effects of viable seeding rate (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 kg/ha) and row spacing (30 and 60 cm) on seed yield and seed quality over 3 harvest seasons. In the first year after mid-February sowing, seed yields were low (260 kg/ha), owing to slow establishment and weed competition. The 30-cm row spacing had the highest seed yield in this year, but there were no differences between viable seeding rates. In the second year the highest seed yields (800 kg/ha) were from the viable 2.5 and 5.0 kg/ha seeding rates, but there were no differences between row spacings. In the third year there were no differences in seed yield between viable seeding rates and row spacing. The cool, moist summer conditions had no adverse effect on seed development; seed weights (3.3 g/1000 seeds) were high for all treatments each year. Keywords: 'Grasslands-Roa' tall fescue, seed-yields, seed quality, seed rates, row spacings, lodging

Soil carbon dynamics following the transition of permanent pasture to cereal cropping: influence of initial soil fertility, lime application and nutrient addition

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth C. Coonan ◽  
John A. Kirkegaard ◽  
Clive A. Kirkby ◽  
Craig L. Strong ◽  
Martin R. Amidy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Permanent Pasture ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

Soil organic matter (SOM) in agricultural soils is generally lower in cultivated and intensively managed cropping soils than in pasture soils. Cultivation during the transition from pasture to crop leads to a loss of SOM, which may affect soil functionality and subsequent agricultural productivity. However, it is unclear how management practices influence SOM dynamics following this transition. We investigated the impact of initial soil fertility and application of lime and nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S)) on changes in soil carbon (C) during the transition from a permanent pasture to a crop. The pasture was managed over 20 years with fertiliser to generate soils with initial high and low fertility (referred to as P2 and P0, respectively), based on soil C, N, P and S concentrations. Prior to sowing, pasture residue was incorporated with three treatments applied: control, lime, and lime + nutrient. Two successive crops of triticale (Triticale (× Triticosecale)) were then grown. The P0 and P2 soils were again cultivated in March 2018 with incorporation of the triticale stubble residue (9 Mg ha–1) in each of the three soil treatments. After the two successive cereal crops, higher whole-soil C stocks were retained in the P2 than the P0 soils (difference of 2.1 Mg C ha–1 compared with an initial difference in stocks of 2.4 Mg C ha–1), with smaller loss of whole-soil C in P2 soils receiving the lime and lime + nutrient treatments than in the P2 control (average 10.3%, 10.0% and 20.2% loss of total C, respectively, relative to initial levels of soil C). Loss of C from the more active >0.4-mm fraction as a proportion of total C loss was higher in the first year with incorporation of legume-based pasture residue than in the second year with incorporation of C-rich, nutrient-poor crop residue (56% and 18% of the loss of C from the whole soil was from the >0.4-mm fraction in the first and second year, respectively). In P2 soil, loss of C was smaller in the more stable <0.4-mm fraction in the lime and lime + nutrient treatments than in the control (average loss of 9.6%, 11.2% and 17.6%, respectively). By contrast, in the low-fertility (P0) soil, loss of C was greater in the <0.4-mm fraction in the lime treatment than in the control (12.3% and 3.4% loss, respectively) unless supplementary nutrients were added at the time of cultivation (7.0% loss). Narrowing of nutrient ratios (C:N and C:S) in the P0 whole soil over time suggested that the loss of soil C was associated with increased microbial processing of C in the coarse-fraction soil. Taken together, the results demonstrate that loss of C from the pasture soils after cultivation was lower for soil with initially higher soil fertility when lime was applied, and that for soils with lower initial fertility, application of nutrients in addition to those for crop growth reduced C mineralisation induced by lime application.

scholarly journals Chicken manure as soil amendment: Effect on yield and foliar nutrient content of tanier, and on chemical properties of the soil.

1969 ◽  
Vol 95 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Agenol González-Vélez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Effect On Yield

During two consecutive years, chicken manure effects on yield and foliar nutrient content of tanier, and on chemical properties of the soil were evaluated. Treatments were 0, 25 and 50 t/ha of chicken manure incorporated into the soil prior to planting the first year. No significant differences in yield were found among the chicken manure treatments. This lack of differences was attributed to the high coefficient of variation found in the experiment. Nevertheless, with the application of 25 t/ha we observed a 17% and 122% increase in yield on the first and second year of the experiment, respectively, compared to yield in the check treatment. This increase in yield could be related to the ample benefit of applied organic matter, especially in low fertility soil. Only foliar nitrogen content showed a significant increase with the chicken manure application in both years, whereas potassium content increased with manure application during the second year. The application of chicken manure caused an increase of organic matter, electric conductivity and N, P, K and Mg content in the soil during the first year.

COMPARISON OF HUIA WHITE CLOVER AND MAKU LOTUS OVERSOWN SEPARATELY OR AS A MIXTURE

1976 ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
W.L. Lowther
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Grassland Soil ◽  
The Third ◽  
Tussock Grassland ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Four Levels

Results are given from two experiments comparing the establishment and production of 'Grasslands Huia' white clover (Trifolium repens) aid 'Grasslands Maku' lotus (Lofus pedunculatus) . 'These were oversown alone or as a mixture on to a low-fertility, acid, tussock grassland soil (pH 4.6) near Berwick, Otago. Establishment of both species was slow and in the second year there were only small differences in yield between white clover and lotus. However, in the third year iotus markedly outyielded white clover in the presence and absence of lime; at four levels of P from 7.5 to 60 kg/ha; and at seeding rates from 2 to 10 kg/ha. Lotus also outyielded the lotus/white clover mixture at the .5 and 10 kg/ha seeding rate.

scholarly journals Precision of farmer-based fertility ratings and soil organic carbon for crop production on a Ferralsol

Solid Earth ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1063-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Musinguzi ◽  
P. Ebanyat ◽  
J. S. Tenywa ◽  
T. A. Basamba ◽  
M. M. Tenywa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Unit Increase ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract. Simple and affordable soil fertility ratings are essential, particularly for the resource-constrained farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), in planning and implementing prudent interventions. A study was conducted on Ferralsols in Uganda to evaluate farmer-based soil fertility assessment techniques, hereafter referred to as farmers' field experiences (FFE), for ease of use and precision, against more formal scientific quantitative ratings using soil organic carbon (SQR-SOC). A total of 30 fields were investigated and rated using both techniques, as low, medium and high in terms of soil fertility – with maize as the test crop. Both soil fertility rating techniques were fairly precise in delineating soil fertility classes, though the FFE was inefficient in distinguishing fields > 1.2 % SOC with medium and high fertility. Soil organic carbon, silt and clay were exceptionally influential, accounting for the highest percentage in grain yield of 50 % in the topsoil (0–15 cm) and 67 % for the mean concentrations from 0 to 15 and 15 to 30 cm. Each unit increase in SOC concentration resulted in 966 to 1223 kg ha−1 yield gain. The FFE technique was effective in identifying low-fertility fields, and this was coherent with the fields categorized as low (SOC < 1.2 %). Beyond this level, its precision can be remarkably increased when supplemented with the SQR-SOC technique.

scholarly journals Assessment of Soil Fertility Attributes in Selected Districts of Bundelkhand Region of Central India

2020 ◽  
pp. 326-334
Author(s):  
Mahendra Prasad ◽  
Sonu Kumar Mahawer ◽  
Prabhu Govindasamy ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Central India ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Fe And Mn

An observational study was carried out to assess the soil fertility attributes of three districts (i.e. Jhansi, Datia and Tikamgarh) of the Bundelkhand region of central India. Soil samples were collected randomly from 0-15 cm soil depth using a soil auger with a diameter of 5 cm and followed the standard protocols for assessing the soil fertility attributes. A total number of samples were 58 (randomly selected sites). The soil reaction was neutral to strongly alkaline (pH 7.28-9.71) in nature.  The electrical conductivity (EC) values were low (0.01- 0.89 dS m-1) indicating that of no harmful effect on crop growth. Most of the soils were found under low category of soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). The available potassium (K) and sulphur (S) were found in the range between 68.32 to 781.76 kg ha-1 and 7.97 to 273.24 kg ha-1, respectively. With respect to DTPA extractable micronutrients i.e. copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were in sufficient range but boron (B), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) were in low category. Based on the Soil Nutrient Index (SNI), the soils of the study area were found in low fertility status for N and P and medium in SOC and K. The SNI for S was ranging from medium to high fertility category. Thus, SOC, N, P, K, B, Fe and Mn were the key soil fertility constraints in the Jhansi, Datia and Tikamgarh districts of the Bundelkhand region. The balanced use of chemical fertilizers and micronutrients (B, Fe and Mn) based on the soil test results along with the combination of bio-fertilizers and organic manures as an integrated nutrient management (INM) approach could greatly help in maintaining the soil fertility and sustainable crop production in Bundelkhand region of central India.

scholarly journals Effects of establishment method, seeding rate and soil fertility on the growth and persistence of a prairie grass pasture in the Waikato

1990 ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
E.R. Thorn ◽  
M.J. Taylor ◽  
D.D. Wildermoth
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Major Element Composition ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Establishment Method ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Direct Drilling ◽  
Grass Growth ◽  
Tiller Density

The production and persistence of 'Grasslands Mama prairie grass were compared when direct drilled or oversown at a low or high seeding rate, and with or without extra fertiliser before planting. To estimate possible effects of insects on prairie grass persistence, insecticide was applied to a small area. Prairie grass growth during the first winter/spring was greater when direct drilled than when oversown, but thereafter treatment effects disappeared. High seed rate plots maintained higher prairie grass plant and tiller densities than low seed rate plots during the first year, but this did not affect annual herbage accumulation, Two years from sowing, prairie grass plant and tiller densities had declined to a low level in all plots. At this time, prairie grass tiller density and prairie grass content (% of DM) in insecticidetreated areas were about twice those in untreated areas. Mean total annual herbage accumulation in the second year had declined by 21% compared with the first. This work shows that prairie grass does not require extra fertiliser at planting when sown into a well maintained high fertility site, and that direct drilling at a low seed rate produces results similar to those of the traditional method of establishment of oversowing at a high seed rate. Insect attack contributed to poor prairie grass persistence. Keywords Bromus willdenowii Kunth, oversowing, direct drilling, pasture botanical composition, major element composition, tiller density, insect damage, annual herbage accumulation, root yields

scholarly journals SELECTION FOR YIELD AT TWO FERTILIZER LEVELS IN SMALL-SEEDED COMMON BEAN

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1011-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHREE P. SINGH ◽  
CARLOS A. URREA ◽  
J. ARIEL GUTIERREZ ◽  
JAMES GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For

Selection for seed yield (visual in the F2, visual and plot yield from the F3 to F5, and yield tests in F6) was carried out in two crosses of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in high and low soil fertility environments at CIAT-Quilichao, Colombia. Parents were small-seeded and tolerant to low soil phosphorus, possessed indeterminate bush growth habit, and belonged to lowland tropical gene pools of Middle America. The mean yield of selected lines from low (LFS) and high (HFS) soil fertility environments was significantly higher than the mean of the parents in both crosses when tested in high fertility (HF) but not in low fertility (LF). The highest yielding LFS and HFS lines from A 286 × (G 5059 × A 80) and the LFS line from A 286 × ICA Pijao outyielded the best check cultivar, Carioca, in HF. No line yielded significantly more than A 286, the best parent used in both crosses. The mean effect of fertilizer levels on selection for seed yield was nonsignificant. Lines selected under two environments showed similar but average response and high stability of performance under variable environments. Low soil fertility accelerated maturity and reduced 100-seed weight and seed yield.Key words: Phaseolus vulgaris, bean (small-seeded common), selection for yield, soil fertility, Middle American gene pools, regression coefficient

scholarly journals Soil fertility and upland rice yield after biochar application in the Cerrado

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiano André Petter ◽  
Beáta Emöke Madari ◽  
Mellissa Ananias Soler da Silva ◽  
Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro ◽  
Márcia Thaís de Melo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
First Year ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Effect On Yield

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar made from Eucalyptus on soil fertility, and on the yield and development of upland rice. The experiment was performed during two years in a randomized block design with four replicates, in a sandy loam Dystric Plinthosol. Four doses of NPK 05-25-15, annually distributed in stripes (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1), and four doses of biochar (0, 8, 16 and 32 Mg ha-1), applied once in the first year - alone or with NPK - were evaluated. In the first year, biochar positively affected soil fertility [total organic carbon (TOC), Ca, P, Al, H+Al, and pH], at 0-10 cm soil depth, and it was the only factor with significant effect on yield. In the second year, the effect of biochar diminished or was overcome by the fertilizer. TOC moved down in the soil profile to the 0-20 cm depth, influencing K availability in this layer. In the second year, there was a significant interaction between biochar and the fertilizer on plant growth and biomass dry matter accumulation.

scholarly journals Tasa relativa de crecimiento en plántulas de dos poblaciones de Magnolia pugana (Magnoliaceae) en distintos niveles de luz y fertilidad del suelo

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Denisse García Castro ◽  
Rosa de Lourdes Romo-Campos ◽  
César Jacobo Pereira ◽  
Raúl Gómez-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phenotypic Plasticity ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Light Level ◽  
High Light ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Relative Growth

Relative growth rate in Magnolia pugana (Magnoliaceae) seedlings from two populations at different light levels and soil fertility. The study of ecophysiology of endangered species is key to the success of conservation and ecological restoration programs. The objective of this work was to know the effect of light, soil fertility and seed origin on the growth of Magnolia pugana seedlings. The relative growth rate (RGR) and its components (Net Assimilation Rate: NAR and Leaf Area Ratio: LAR), as well as the root-shoot ratio (R/S) were estimated. Seedlings were obtained from seeds collected in two localities in Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico, the first is a wild population in San Nicolás (SN) and the second is a plantation located in the gardens of the Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias (CUCBA). The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions. In September 2015, 96 seedlings of approximately three months old were subjected to the following treatments in a factorial experiment (2x2x2): light level (high = 1 120 μmol m-2 s-1 and low = 136.3 μmol m-2 s-1), seedling origin (SN and CUCBA) and soil fertility (high fertility = SN soil, low fertility = CUCBA soil) with 12 replicates for each combination of factors and levels. Growth was estimated in two harvests: the first harvest after 30 days of starting the experiment and the second at 60 days. Light and soil fertility levels, as well as seedling origin influenced growth through physiological and morphological adjustments. In general, Magnolia pugana showed higher RGR and NAR in high light, while LAR decreased. Soil fertility and seedling origin did not affect RGR or its components. However, these were affected by the light level, seedlings from SN grew more in high light. Stem height varied due to soil fertility and seedling origin, in low fertility soil (CUCBA) the seedlings of SN were 35 % higher than those of CUCBA. Low fertility soil under high light caused greater investment in seedling root biomass. The physiological component (NAR) was the major determinant of intraspecific variation in RGR. SN seedlings showed greater phenotypic plasticity due to coming from a wild population, which possibly has higher genetic variation than the cultivated population from CUCBA. The results suggest that Magnolia pugana is a species capable of adapting to diverse environments due to its phenotypic plasticity in response to different light and soil fertility levels. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 622-633. Epub 2018 June 01. 

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