Comparison of thiabendazole and benomyl as post-harvest fungicides for wastage control in long term lemon storage

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
BL Wild ◽  
LE Rippon ◽  
JA Seberry
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Skin Colour ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
Green Mould

Thiabendazole and benomyl were compared for their effectiveness in controlling major postharvest diseases of lemons, caused by green mould (Penicillium digitatum Sacc.) and stem-end rot (Diaporthe citri (Faw.) Wolf). The lemons were stored at ambient temperatures and at 12�C and examined over a period of 26 weeks. Results showed benomyl gave excellent and better control of the diseases than TBZ. Although benomyl treated fruit was sound, skin colour was deep yellow and unattractive indicating the need for further research into methods of improving fruit appearance during long periods of storage.

Thiabendazole and 2-aminobutane as post-harvest fungicides for citrus

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (33) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Seberry ◽  
Robyn A Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Mould Fungus ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Green Mould ◽  
Low Levels

Thiabendazole, 2-aminobutane (phosphated), and sodium ortho-phenylphenate were compared as dip treatments for the control of Penicillium digitatum Sacc. in oranges. Fruit from three orchards was surface inoculated with spores of the green mould fungus 48 hours before fungicide treatment. Thiabendazole, dried on the fruit at a concentration of 0.01 per cent, significantly reduced mould. At concentrations of 0.025 per cent and higher, thiabendazole dried-on gave more effective mould control than 0.5 per cent 2-aminobutane dried-on and reduced wastage to the very low levels achieved with double sodium orthophenylphenate and double 2-aminobutane treatments.

scholarly journals Detection of Green Mould Rot Infection of Citrus Fruit by X-ray Scanning Non-Destructive Technology

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhondiram Panditrao Gadgile ◽  
CHANDRAKANT PADMAKAR JOSHI ◽  
VIKAS MADHUKARRAO SHINDE ◽  
PARSHURAM BABARAO KACHARE
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Penicillium Digitatum ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Green Mould ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Post Harvest Disease

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong> <strong></strong></p><p>Green mould rot is important post-harvest fungal disease of citrus. It is caused by <em>Penicillium digitatum. </em>To study the detection of fungal infection in citrus fruit by X-ray scanning technique<strong>, </strong>the spore suspension of <em>Penicillium </em><em>digitatum </em>was inoculated by sterilized disposable syringe in citrus fruit in aseptic condition.  Healthy citrus without inoculation was treated as control. Infection of green mould rot was detected by X-ray scanning nondestructive technology.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> <em>Penicillium digitatum</em>, Citrus, X-ray scanning, Post-harvest disease.  </p>

Understanding the Role of Chlorine and Ozone to Control Postharvest Diseases in Fruit and Vegetables: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-461
Author(s):  
Gabriela M. Baia ◽  
Otniel Freitas-Silva ◽  
Murillo F. Junior
Keyword(s):  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
By Products

Fruits and vegetables are foods that come into contact with various types of microorganisms from planting to their consumption. A lack or poor sanitation of these products after harvest can cause high losses due to deterioration and/ or pathogenic microorganisms. There are practically no post-harvest fungicides or bactericides with a broad spectrum of action that have no toxic residual effects and are safe. However, to minimize such problems, the use of sanitizers is an efficient device against these microorganisms. Chlorine is the most prevalent sanitizing agent because of its broad spectrum, low cost and well-established practices. However, the inevitable formation of disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), is considered one of the main threats to food safety. Alternative sanitizers, such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone, are becoming popular as a substitute for traditional post-harvest treatments. Thus, this review addresses the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone emphasizing aspects, such as usage, safe application, spectrum of action and legislation. In order to ensure the quality and safety of final products, the adoption of well-prepared sanitation and sanitation programs for post-harvest fruits and vegetables is essential.

scholarly journals Influence of the Environment on the Reliability of Security Magnetic Contacts

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Martin Boros ◽  
Andrej Velas ◽  
Viktor Soltes ◽  
Jacek Dworzecki
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Alarm System ◽  
Test Device ◽  
Reaction Distance ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Chamber

Magnetic contacts are one of the basic components of an alarm system, providing access to buildings, especially windows and doors. From long-term reliability tests, it can be concluded that magnetic contacts show sufficient reliability. Due to global warming, we can measure high as well as low ambient temperatures in the vicinity of magnetic contacts, which can directly affect their reliability. As part of partial tests, research into the reliability of magnetic contacts, we created a test device with which their reaction distance was examined under extreme conditions simulated in a thermal chamber. The results of the practical tests have yielded surprising results.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Ambient Cured GGBFS Based Alkali Activated Binder Using a Sole Alkaline Activator: A Feasibility Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5887
Author(s):  
Thandiwe Sithole ◽  
Nelson Tsotetsi ◽  
Tebogo Mashifana
Keyword(s):  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Environmental Footprint ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Alkaline Activator ◽  
Porous Morphology ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Alkali Activated

Utilisation of industrial waste-based material to develop a novel binding material as an alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) has attracted growing attention recently to reduce or eliminate the environmental footprint associated with OPC. This paper presents an experimental study on the synthesis and evaluation of alkali activated Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) composite using a NaOH solution as an alkaline activator without addition of silicate solution. Different NaOH concentrations were used to produce varied GGBFS based alkali activated composites that were evaluated for Uncofined Compressive Strength (UCS), durability, leachability, and microstructural performance. Alkali activated GGBFS composite prepared with 15 M NaOH solution at 15% L/S ratio achieved a UCS of 61.43 MPa cured for 90 days at ambient temperatures. The microstructural results revealed the formation of zeolites, with dense and non-porous morphology. Alkali activated GGBFS based composites can be synthesized using a sole alkaline activator with potential to reduce CO2 emission. The metal leaching tests revealed that there are no potential environmental pollution threats posed by the synthesized alkali activated GGBFS composites for long-term use.

scholarly journals Biological Control and Mitigation of Aflatoxin Contamination in Commodities

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Ferenc Peles ◽  
Péter Sipos ◽  
Szilvia Kovács ◽  
Zoltán Győri ◽  
István Pócsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Competitive Exclusion ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Ruminal Degradation

Aflatoxins (AFs) are toxic secondary metabolites produced mostly by Aspergillus species. AF contamination entering the feed and food chain has been a crucial long-term issue for veterinarians, medicals, agroindustry experts, and researchers working in this field. Although different (physical, chemical, and biological) technologies have been developed, tested, and employed to mitigate the detrimental effects of mycotoxins, including AFs, universal methods are still not available to reduce AF levels in feed and food in the last decades. Possible biological control by bacteria, yeasts, and fungi, their excretes, the role of the ruminal degradation, pre-harvest biocontrol by competitive exclusion or biofungicides, and post-harvest technologies and practices based on biological agents currently used to alleviate the toxic effects of AFs are collected in this review. Pre-harvest biocontrol technologies can give us the greatest opportunity to reduce AF production on the spot. Together with post-harvest applications of bacteria or fungal cultures, these technologies can help us strictly reduce AF contamination without synthetic chemicals.

Influence of hypothalamic and ambient temperatures on sleep in kangaroo rats

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. R80-R88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sakaguchi ◽  
S. F. Glotzbach ◽  
H. C. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Peripheral Stimulus ◽  
Kangaroo Rats ◽  
Hypothalamic Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Thermoregulatory System

Unanesthetized, unrestrained kangaroo rats (Dipodomys) were studied to examine the changes in the frequency and duration of sleep states caused by long-term manipulations of hypothalamic temperature (Thy) at a thermoneutral (30 degrees C) and a low (20 degrees C) ambient temperature (Ta). A cold stimulus present in either the hypothalamus or the skin decreased both the total sleep time (TST) and the ratio of paradoxical sleep (PS) to TST. At a low Ta, TST, but not the PS-to-TST ratio, was increased by raising Thy, indicating that a cold peripheral stimulus could differentially inhibit PS. At a thermoneutral Ta, cooling Thy decreased both TST and the PS/TST. Changes in the amount of PS were due largely to changes in the frequency, but not the duration, of individual episodes of PS, suggesting that the transition to PS is partially dependent on the thermoregulatory conditions existing during slow-wave sleep (SWS). These results are consistent with the recent findings that the thermoregulatory system is functional during SWS but is inhibited or inactivated during PS.

scholarly journals Assessment of the efficiency of essential oils in the preservation of postharvest papaya in an antimicrobial packaging system

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Judith Perez Espitia ◽  
Nilda de Fátima Ferreira Soares ◽  
Laura Costa Moreira Botti ◽  
Nathália Ramos de Melo ◽  
Olinto Liparini Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Antimicrobial Packaging ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Lemon Grass

Rot and damage caused by post-harvest phytopathogenic fungi affect fruit quality. Essential oils (EO) are considered as an alternative to fungicides. Postharvest diseases of fruits may also be controlled by the bagging approach and the use of antimicrobial packaging. Based on the beneficial properties of EO and the concepts of bagging and antimicrobial packaging, this study aimed to develop sachets containing EO to be used as part of an antimicrobial packaging system. The activities of oregano, cinnamon and lemon grass EO were evaluated testing the sachets in vitro against the phytopathogenic fungi Alternaria alternata, Fusarium semitectum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizopus stolonifer. The effects of the sachets on the microbiological and physicochemical parameters of post-harvest papaya were also evaluated. Both pure and sachet-incorporated EO showed antifungal activity in vitro against all tested fungi. For papaya, sachets containing cinnamon, oregano and lemon grass showed a significant reduction in the growth of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, yeasts and mould, with the cinnamon sachet causing the greatest reduction in microorganisms at the end of the storage time. Physicochemical parameters of papaya, such as weight loss, colour, firmness, total soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio and pH were not significantly altered by the presence of EO sachets, thus not affecting the natural ripening process of the papaya.

scholarly journals Impact of long-term storage at ambient temperatures on the total quality and stability of high-pressure processed tomato juice

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G.L.R. Jayathunge ◽  
Irene R. Grant ◽  
Mark Linton ◽  
Margaret F. Patterson ◽  
Anastasios Koidis
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Tomato Juice ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage
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