Beef cow performance from tropical pastures on semi-arid brigalow lands under intermittent drought

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
MW Silvey ◽  
JE Coaldrake ◽  
KP Haydock ◽  
D Ratcliff ◽  
CA Smith
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Semi Arid

The value of perennial tropical pastures for breeding cows was examined over a five year period (1 968-1 973) as part of a long-term land use study on semi-arid fertile brigalow clay soils. Pastures were established to Panicum maximum var. trichoglume (green panic) and Chloris gayana cv. Pioneer (rhodes grass) grown alone or with the legumes Macroptilium atropurpureum cv. Siratro, Glycine wightii cv. Cooper and Medicago sativa cv. Hunter River. These pastures were rotationally grazed at 1.75, 1.24 and 0.87 cows ha-l during 1968-69 and at 1.31, 0.93 and 0.66 cows ha-1 in subsequent years. Pastures received either no fertilizer or 188 kg superphosphate ha-1 year-1 (grass/legume treatments) and in mixture with 250 kg ammonium sulphate ha-1 year-1 (grass-alone treatments). During the first seven months of 1968-69, increased stocking rate from 0.87 to 1.75 cows ha-1 significantly increased cow liveweight (LW) loss from 5 kg to 84 kg and reduced conception rates from 100 per cent to 68.8 per cent. Compared with pure grass pastures (GA), cows grazing grass/legume (GL) pastures lost significantly more LW during this period. These effects occurred during a severe drought which lasted for over a year. As the drought intensified and feed ran out, pasture treatments were individually destocked. A progressive botanical change from GL to pure grass pastures occurred in the GL treatments following the drought. After restocking in late 1969, cows gained an average of 121 kg and recorded an average calving rate of 93 per cent over a 45-month period despite below average annual rainfalls. Stocking rate and to a lesser extent pasture type significantly influenced annual cow LW and gains during mating, gestation and lactation periods, but the actual effects were small. Cows grazing at the highest stocking rate (HSR) of 1.31 cows ha-1 and on GL treatments recorded significantly poorer gains only in the first year after the drought. However, cows grazing GL treatments at HSR required supplementary hay feeding during winter-early spring each year. Although main treatment effects were not significant, a strong interaction between stocking rate and pasture significantly affected time of conception and both conception and calving rates. Application of fertilizer showed only small though consistent advantages for cow LW and fertility responses. It was concluded that sown tropical pasture based on pure green panic allowed high LW and reproductive performances of breeding cows stocked near 0.93 cow plus calf ha-1. This pasture-animal system was resilient to the climatic variability experienced in the semi-arid brigalow environment.

Milk production, milk composition, rate of milking and grazing behaviour of dairy cows grazing two tropical grass pastures under a leader and follower system

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Stobbs
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Leaders And Followers ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Milk production, milk composition, rate of milking and grazing behaviour were measured for lactating Jersey cows having both the first opportunity to graze (leaders) and also when offered the remaining herbage (followers) from 3-week regrowths of two nitrogen-fertilized tropical pastures, Rhodes grass (Choris gayana cv. Pioneer) and Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton). Twenty-four cows were used in a latin-square design with experimental periods of 14 days. Both leaders and followers were allocated 40 kg DM cow-1 day-1. Leader cows produced 8.0 kg milk cow-1 day-1 compared with 5.8 kg milk cow-1 day-1 for followers, a difference of 38 per cent. Both leader and follower cows grazing Gatton panic produced more milk than cows grazing Rhodes grass. Milk from leader cows contained a higher percentage of solids-not-fat and protein and a lower butterfat percentage indicating a higher intake of digestible nutrients. Cows showed a preference for leaf, and after easily accessible leaf was removed by leader cows the follower cows had a small bite size. Follower cows partially compensated by increasing grazing time, mainly at night. Follower cows had a longer let-down time and a longer milking time per kilogram of milk produced. Milk production was linearly related to bite size and availability and accessibility of leaf were considered to be the main factors influencing production.

Milk yields of cows fed maize and molasses supplements to tropical pastures at two stocking rates

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Cowan ◽  
TM Davison
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Supplement Intake ◽  
Friesian Cows

Twenty-four Friesian cows grazing green panic (Panicum maximum var. trichoglume)-glycine (Glycine wightii cv. Tinaroo) pastures at 2 or 4 cows ha-1 were fed no supplement, 2.4 kg maize or 3.0 kg molasses cow-1 day-1. The experiment was a randomized block design and of six months duration. Milk yield and composition were similar for cows fed maize and molasses and these supplements increased average milk yield from 10.3 to 11.8 kg cow-1 day-1 (P < 0.05). Increased stocking rate reduced milk yield from 12.7 to 9.8 kg cow-1 (P < 0.01). Interactions of stocking rate with type of supplement were not significant (P > 0.05). The level of supplement intake and yield of pasture on offer accounted for 52 per cent of the variation in average milk yields (P < 0.01). Of the variation in milk yields between paddocks only 5 per cent was unaccounted for by this relationship.

scholarly journals Exogenously Used 24-Epibrassinolide Promotes Drought Tolerance in Maize Hybrids by Improving Plant and Water Productivity in an Arid Environment

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
El-Sayed M. Desoky ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Mohamed M. A. Ali ◽  
Mohamed A. T. Yasin ◽  
Mohamed I. E. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Semi Arid

The influence of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR24), applied to leaves at a concentration of 5 μM, on plant physio-biochemistry and its reflection on crop water productivity (CWP) and other agronomic traits of six maize hybrids was field-evaluated under semi-arid conditions. Two levels of irrigation water deficiency (IWD) (moderate and severe droughts; 6000 and 3000 m3 water ha−1, respectively) were applied versus a control (well-watering; 9000 m3 water ha−1). IWD reduced the relative water content, membrane stability index, photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, and rates of transpiration and net photosynthesis. Conversely, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte contents were significantly increased as a result of the increased malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage compared to the control. These negative influences of IWD led to a reduction in CWP and grain yield-related traits. However, EBR24 detoxified the IWD stress effects and enhanced all the above-mentioned parameters. The evaluated hybrids varied in drought tolerance; Giza-168 was the best under moderate drought, while Fine-276 was the best under severe drought. Under IWD, certain physiological traits exhibited a highly positive association with yield and yield-contributing traits or CWP. Thus, exogenously using EBR24 for these hybrids could be an effective approach to improve plant and water productivity under reduced available water in semi-arid environments.

scholarly journals PSI-3 Effects of housing cow-calf pairs in drylots vs pasture during the summer on cow performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 228-228
Author(s):  
Keiffer Sexton ◽  
Megan Myerscough ◽  
Wesley Chapple ◽  
William T Meteer ◽  
Keela Trennepohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Cow Performance

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of maintaining cows in drylots vs pasture on beef cow performance. Spring-calving, Simmental × Angus cows (n = 108; 84 ± 11 d postpartum) were stratified by age, BW, BCS, calving date, and sex of calves and allotted to 6 groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments for 110 d: drylot (DL) or pasture (PAST). Drylot cows were limit-fed a ration consisting of corn silage, dried distillers grains, hay, corn stalks, corn, and soybean hulls to meet protein and energy requirements. Cows on pasture were rotationally grazed and offered free-choice mineral. On d 0, cows were artificially inseminated (AI). On d 0, 53, and 110 (weaning), cow BW and BCS were measured. On d 54 milk production was estimated using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. All binary data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. On d 0 and 53, cow BW did not differ (P ≥ 0.73) between DL and PAST. On d 110, DL cows had 74 kg greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW than PAST cows. The BCS did not differ (P ≥ 0.66) between treatments. There was no difference in milk production (P = 0.93); however, drylot cows tended (P = 0.10) to have reduced milk fat percentage and had reduced (P &lt; 0.01) milk urea nitrogen. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.34) in AI or overall pregnancy rates between treatments. There was no difference in foot angle or claw set (P ≥ 0.17) of cows at any time point. There was also no difference (P = 0.17) in foot treatments between DL (39%) and PAST (4%). Housing cows in drylots compared to pasture increased BW, but did not affect BCS, milk production, and pregnancy rates.

scholarly journals 80 Evaluation of extended release eprinomectin efficacy on multiparous beef cow performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 11-11
Author(s):  
Laine Zammit ◽  
Jermey G Powell ◽  
Reagan N Cauble ◽  
Toby D Lester ◽  
Callan Lichtenwalter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Release ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Fall Calving

Abstract Internal parasitism inevitability prompts economic loss in beef cattle production by decreasing growth performance and reproductive traits. Previous studies have conflicting results on the macrocyclic lactones (ML) efficacy against internal parasitism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of milbeymycin and avermectin sub groups of ML on cow performance. Multiparous fall calving, crossbred beef cows (n = 106) were allocated randomly to 1 of 3 anthelmintic treatments: 1) Negative control (CON), in which cows did not receive an anthelmintic, 2) Injectable moxidectin (MOX) and 3) Injectable extended release eprinomectin (ERE). Body weights (BW), body condition scores (BCS), and fecal egg counts (FEC) were taken throughout the duration of the calving season to weaning on d0, d80, d162, and d217, with weaning occurring on d217. Performance data were analyzed using the MIXED procedures of SAS, and pregnancy data were analyzed using the GENMOD procedures of SAS. Significance was fixed at P &lt; 0.05 and tendencies were established from 0.05 ≤ P ≤ 0.10. There was no effect of anthelmintic treatment on cow BW (P ≥ 0.57) or cow BCS (P ≥ 0.22) during the 217 d study; however, CON cows tended to have lower BCS (P = 0.08) throughout the duration of the study. Cows treated with ERE had fewer FEC compared to MOX and CON groups (P ≤ 0.001) and tended to improve pregnancy rates (c2 = 0.0546). Calf weaning weight was similar among treatments averaging 216, 225, and 223 kg regarding CON, MOX, and ERE cow treatments, respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of supplementing methionine hydroxy analog on beef cow performance, milk production, reproduction, and preweaning calf performance1

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 5597-5605 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Clements ◽  
F. A. Ireland ◽  
T. Freitas ◽  
H. Tucker ◽  
D. W. Shike
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Cow Performance

scholarly journals Effect of time of initial grazing date and subsequent stocking rate on pasture production and dairy cow performance

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O’Donovan ◽  
Luc Delaby ◽  
Jean Louis Peyraud
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Cow Performance

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.

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