A method for advanced stage evaluation of pasture species: a case study with bred lines of Macroptilium atropurpureum

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (107) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Jones ◽  
RJ Jones ◽  
EM Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Previous Experiment ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Stocking Rates

A method is described for evaluating persistence and productivity of pasture species in the advanced stage of testing. Six bred lines of Macroptilium atropurpureum were compared with cv. Siratro at Samford, south-east Queensland, under stocking rates equivalent to 2.0 and 3.0 steers-ha-1. Each plot was grazed separately for 4 days every 6 weeks, without any mowing being imposed. Attributes measured over a 5-year period included presentation yield, legume density, weed invasion and soil seed reserves. One line of M. atropurpureum was superior to Siratro in yield and plant density, although it produced lower reserves of soil seed. These results were similar to those from a previous experiment under cutting. The advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.

Renovation of Yarloop subterranean clover pastures with Trikkala

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Little ◽  
PE Beale
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Minimal Damage ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Germinable Seed ◽  
Clover Scorch

Pastures containing the oestrogenic subterranean clover, Yarloop, were renovated and sown to Trikkala subterranean clover at the rate of 9 kg ha-1 germinable seed. The resultant pastures were continually grazed at either 7, 9 or 12 ewes ha for 6 years. Control Yarloop pastures were grazed similarly. Trikkala established at approximately 50 plants m-2 and represented 80% of all clover present in the year of sowing. Six years later Trikkala was successfully persisting at all stocking rates in terms of clover dry matter in spring (Trikkala 77%, Yarloop 23%), soil seed reserves in spring (Trikkala 450-1000 kg ha-1, Yarloop 300-450 kg ha-1) and plant density in spring (Trikkala 600-1000 plants m-2, Yarloop 200 plants m-2). Over the 6 years of the trial the proportion of Trikkala and Yarloop approached an equilibrium of 75% Trikkala to 25% Yarloop in all agronomic data collected. Compared with the control Yarloop pastures, the renovated Trikkala pastures maintained a greater clover percentage at all stocking rates. Available dry matter at the high stocking rate was consistently greater in the Yarloop pastures during winter and spring. At the low and medium stocking rates available dry matter tended to be greater in the Yarloop treatments for the first 2 years but was similar for both treatments in the latter 3 years. Clover scorch disease in the Yarloop pasture was controlled by spraying with a fungicide. Trikkala pastures were not sprayed and suffered minimal damage from the disease. Trikkala should perform better relative to Yarloop where clover scorch is a problem. It is concluded that Trikkala subterranean clover can successfully replace Yarloop subterranean clover in pastures previously dominated by Yarloop.

Effect of stocking rate and grazing frequency on a Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum)/Setaria anceps cv. Nandi pasture

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Jones
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Good Recovery ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Stocking Rates

Five stocking rates, ranging from 0.8 to 2.8 beasts ha-1, and three frequencies of grazing were imposed on a five-year-old Siratro (Macroptilium atropurpureum)/Setaria anceps cv. Nandi pasture at Samford, south-east Queensland. The three grazing frequencies involved grazing for four days every three, six or nine weeks. Plots were individually grazed from 1972 to 1976 and the residual effect of treatments was measured over a grazing-free period in 1977. Within the three week grazing frequency both Siratro yield and total yield declined markedly with increased stocking rate, with an increased invasion of prostrate species such as blue couch (Digitaria didactyla). The decline in Siratro yield at higher stocking rates was less marked in the nine week system where there was much less invasion of prostrate species. However, it is suggested that the value of rotational grazing with a long rest period as a means of maintaining Siratro productivity could be largely at stocking rates where the pasture is overgrazed in terms of animal performance. Siratro density and seedling regeneration were largely unaffected by treatment and there was a good recovery of Siratro in the heavily grazed treatments during the grazing-free period at the end of the experiment. However, Siratro soil seed reserves declined with increased stocking rate and there was a much greater decline in flowering and seeding. On this basis it is predicted that if grazing treatments had been continued the heavily grazed pastures would eventually have reached the stage where Siratro would not recover with spelling.

scholarly journals A New Approach to Inform Restoration and Management Decisions for Sustainable Apiculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6109
Author(s):  
Joanne Lee Picknoll ◽  
Pieter Poot ◽  
Michael Renton
Keyword(s):  
Floral Resources ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Honey Production ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Colony Loss ◽  
Supply Potential ◽  
Australian Case ◽  
Stocking Rates

Habitat loss has reduced the available resources for apiarists and is a key driver of poor colony health, colony loss, and reduced honey yields. The biggest challenge for apiarists in the future will be meeting increasing demands for pollination services, honey, and other bee products with limited resources. Targeted landscape restoration focusing on high-value or high-yielding forage could ensure adequate floral resources are available to sustain the growing industry. Tools are currently needed to evaluate the likely productivity of potential sites for restoration and inform decisions about plant selections and arrangements and hive stocking rates, movements, and placements. We propose a new approach for designing sites for apiculture, centred on a model of honey production that predicts how changes to plant and hive decisions affect the resource supply, potential for bees to collect resources, consumption of resources by the colonies, and subsequently, amount of honey that may be produced. The proposed model is discussed with reference to existing models, and data input requirements are discussed with reference to an Australian case study area. We conclude that no existing model exactly meets the requirements of our proposed approach, but components of several existing models could be combined to achieve these needs.

Persistence and growth of Lotononis bainesii–Digitaria decumbens pastures: 1. Sheep stocking rate

1983 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pott ◽  
L. R. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Cotton South ◽  
Seed Reserves ◽  
Stocking Rates

SUMMARYSheep were grazed for 2 years at stocking rates of 7, 14, 21 and 28/ha on a pasture comprising Lotononis bainesii and Digitaria decumbens cv. Pangola at Mt Cotton, south–east Queensland. There were six replicates of each treatment grazed in rotation with 3 days' grazing followed by 15 days' rest.The initial dominance of lotononis was lost after 6 months of grazing and lotononis failed to persist satisfactorily at any stocking rate. Demographic studies showed that lotononis behaved as a short-lived plant, predominantly annual, with some vegetative perennation as stolon-rooted units under heavy grazing. Soil seed reserves varied from 5800 to 400 m2 at the lightest and heaviest stocking rates respectively. Lotononis failed to regenerate under Pangola shading or inopportune high grazing pressure. Soil bulk density (0–7 cm) increased from 1·2 to 1·4 g/cm3 according to stocking rate.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Suitability of 10 Winter Triticale Cultivars (x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) for Organic Agriculture: Polish Case Study

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Nakielska ◽  
Krzysztof Jończyk ◽  
Adam Kleofas Berbeć ◽  
Jerzy Kopiński
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
Plant Cultivation

The aim of the study was to compare 10 winter triticale varieties according to their traits useful for cultivation in organic farming. The study was carried out in the years 2014–2017 in the experimental organic farm of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute in Pulawy (Poland). The highest-yielding varieties under organic conditions were Pizarro and Subito. Borowik cultivar showed the highest competitive ability against weeds. The highest number of weeds was found in the Leontyno cultivar, which was connected to the lowest plant density, the lowest weight of the above-ground parts of the canopy and smaller value of tillering coefficient. The most affected by the fungal pathogens Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoem. and Puccinia striiformis Schwein. were Fredro and Algoso. Cluster analyses indicated that the most useful cultivars for cultivation in the organic system were: Borowik, Subito, and Tomko, which all showed higher yielding potential, bigger competitiveness against weeds, and average resistance against fungal pathogens. Pizarro, Tulus, and Twingo, which showed high resistance to fungal pathogens with lower competitiveness to weeds, were classified to the second group of usefulness. The least useful for the organic system were: Algoso, Fredro, Grenado, and Leontyno.

scholarly journals A INFLUÊNCIA DA MUDANÇA NA CULTURA E NO CLIMA ORGANIZACIONAL: O CASO DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DA PARAÍBA (IFPB), CAMPUS SOUSA

Revista Labor ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Joselma Mendes de Sousa Carneiro ◽  
Wilson Honorato Aragão ◽  
Maria das Graças Gonçalves Vieira Guerra
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Technical School ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
Formal Identity ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Education In Brazil

Este trabalho trata da mudança implantada pela Lei nº 11.892/2008 que integrou as Escolas Técnicas, Agrotécnicas e Centros Federais de Educação para a formação dos Institutos Federais de Educação no Brasil. Na Paraíba, a Escola Agrotécnica Federal de Sousa passou a ser o Instituto Federal da Paraíba (IFPB), Campus Sousa foi objeto desta pesquisa. O objetivo foi analisar a influência da mudança sobre a cultura e o clima organizacional do IFPB, Campus. A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo de caso e a estratégia qualitativa com utilização da entrevista e do questionário. Portanto, a mudança influenciou na cultura organizacional e no clima organizacional, modificando crenças, rituais, valores e que, apesar de estar em um estágio avançado, a organização ainda não tem uma identidade real definida, necessitando que haja um processo mais efetivo de socialização da identidade formal para que isto ocorra.AbstractThis work deals with the change implemented by Law 11,892 / 2008 that integrated the Technical Schools, Agrotechnics and Federal Centers of Education for the formation of the Federal Institutes of Education in Brazil. In Paraíba, the Federal Agro-technical School of Sousa became the Federal Institute of Paraíba (IFPB), Campus Sousa was the object of this research. The objective was to analyze the influence of the change on the culture and the organizational climate of the IFPB, Campus. The methodology used was the case study and the qualitative strategy using the interview and the questionnaire. Therefore, the change has influenced the organizational culture and the organizational climate, modifying beliefs, rituals, values and that, despite being at an advanced stage, the organization does not yet have a definite real identity, necessitating a more effective process of socialization of the organization. Formal identity for this to occur.

scholarly journals Simulating the impact of fertiliser strategies and prices on the economics of developing and managing the Cicerone Project farmlets under climatic uncertainty

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Behrendt ◽  
James M. Scott ◽  
Oscar Cacho ◽  
Randall Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Future Management

The application of fertilisers to pastures in the high rainfall regions of southern Australia has contributed to large increases in carrying capacity following the widespread adoption of the practice since the late 1940s. Recently, large shifts in the worldwide demand for fertiliser inputs have lead to large rises in the cost of fertiliser inputs. These increasing costs have significant potential ramifications on the future management of soil fertility and its interaction with the persistence and profitability of sown pastures, especially during periods of climatic uncertainty. A dynamic pasture resource development simulation model was used to investigate the implications of fertiliser rates and costs on the efficient management of soil fertility under climatic uncertainty. The framework also allowed the investigation of how the management of soil fertility interacts with the utilisation of pasture resources through different stocking rates. In the application of this method to the Cicerone Project farmlets case study, fertiliser input costs were found to influence the optimal combination of fertiliser inputs and stocking rate. Analyses of the dynamic interaction between fertiliser application and cost, stocking rate and the persistence of desirable species enabled the identification of the most risk-efficient strategies. The implications for grazing industries in the high rainfall regions of southern Australia are discussed.

Nitrogen fertiliser effects on white clover in dairy pastures

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 119-124
Author(s):  
S.L. Harris ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
C.D. Waugh ◽  
F.H. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Rates ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Clover Content ◽  
Clover Plant

Effects of high N fertiliser rates on white clover content in the sward and clover plant morphology were monitored over two years (June1993-June 1995) at the DRC, Hamilton. The clover study was part of a farmlet trial aimed at increasing milksolids (MS) production to 1750 kg MS/ha using urea (0, 200 or 400 kg N/ha/yr) to increase pasture production at low (3.2 cows/ha) or high (4.5 cows/ha) stocking rates. On low stocked farmlets clover contents declined to 10.6% (200 kg N/ ha/yr) and 2.2% (400 kg N/ha/yr) by June 1995 compared with 16.8% under no N. Decreased clover content was a result of increased competition from N-boosted ryegrass. At the high stocking rate, N application resulted in clover contents of 14.9% (200 kg N/ha/yr) and 6.8% (400 kg N/ha/yr) compared with 15.4% under no N. Pasture utilisation was better on these farmlets, suggesting the improved utilisation and control of additional feed, particularly during spring, was responsible for the higher clover content. Measurements of clover plant density supported the clover content observations. By June 1995 there were 438, 227 and 26 plants/m2 under 0, 200 and 400 kg N/ha/yr respectively. High N rates also affected clover plant morphology; plants developed fewer axillary buds and stolons, and had lower stolon dry weights under 400 kg N/ha/yr. Keywords: clover content, dairying, morphology, nitrogen, plant density, Trifolium repens, white clover

How do people become empowered? A case study of union activists

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Kaminski ◽  
Jeffrey S. Kaufman ◽  
Robin Graubarth ◽  
Thomas G. Robins
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Original Sample ◽  
Union Activists

Many organizations are interested in empowerment, believing that empowered workers will be more effective in reaching their goals. What does it mean to be empowered, and how do people achieve this state? Using qualitative data, we applied the developmental model proposed by Kieffer to a sample of 14 worker-trainers. We found that Kieffer's model worked well with this sample, with some modification. One is that workers did not have to feel personally threatened in order to become activists, as did Kieffer's original sample. A second is that not all workers followed the four stages in the order proposed. Our data also suggested that worker-trainers who had reached a more advanced stage of empowerment were more successful at their task. Finally, based on the model, we also highlight ways to design interventions to help people further develop their stage of empowerment.

Studies in the ecology of the Riverine Plain. V. Plant density response of species in a Danthonia caespitosa grassland to 16 years of grazing by Merino sheep

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
OB Williams
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
Feral Animals ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Permanent Quadrats

The species density of 252 permanent quadrats set in plots which were ungrazed and lightly, moderately, and heavily grazed, in a Danthonia caespitosa Gaudich. grassland, was measured on seven occasions between October 1949 and October 1965. The field data were analysed by means of a Response Index and a Grazing Pressure Index to give the grazing responses of 41 individual species. Those species favoured either by grazing or by non-grazing are listed, and their performance examined in relation to published data on the dietary selection exercised by Merino sheep. The present D. caespitosa grassland is a disclimax one resulting from the grazing of domestic and feral animals, and most species have already come into equilibrium with the total environment. It is suggested that the observed reductions in plant density, size, and the seed crop of annual species in the grazed plots was not followed by the elimination of any species because stocking rates applied in the experiment were no more severe than those which brought about the development of the grassland. The possible unique nature of long-term exclosures in a disclimax grassland is noted.

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