scholarly journals Assessment of the Suitability of 10 Winter Triticale Cultivars (x Triticosecale Wittm. ex A. Camus) for Organic Agriculture: Polish Case Study

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1144
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Małgorzata Nakielska ◽  
Krzysztof Jończyk ◽  
Adam Kleofas Berbeć ◽  
Jerzy Kopiński
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
State Research Institute ◽  
Plant Cultivation

The aim of the study was to compare 10 winter triticale varieties according to their traits useful for cultivation in organic farming. The study was carried out in the years 2014–2017 in the experimental organic farm of the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute in Pulawy (Poland). The highest-yielding varieties under organic conditions were Pizarro and Subito. Borowik cultivar showed the highest competitive ability against weeds. The highest number of weeds was found in the Leontyno cultivar, which was connected to the lowest plant density, the lowest weight of the above-ground parts of the canopy and smaller value of tillering coefficient. The most affected by the fungal pathogens Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoem. and Puccinia striiformis Schwein. were Fredro and Algoso. Cluster analyses indicated that the most useful cultivars for cultivation in the organic system were: Borowik, Subito, and Tomko, which all showed higher yielding potential, bigger competitiveness against weeds, and average resistance against fungal pathogens. Pizarro, Tulus, and Twingo, which showed high resistance to fungal pathogens with lower competitiveness to weeds, were classified to the second group of usefulness. The least useful for the organic system were: Algoso, Fredro, Grenado, and Leontyno.

scholarly journals Mutations in Wheat Exhibiting Growth-Stage-Specific Resistance to Biotrophic Fungal Pathogens

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 1242-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil H. Smith ◽  
John A. Howie ◽  
Anthony J. Worland ◽  
Rebecca Stratford ◽  
Lesley A. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Dominant Mutation ◽  
Resistance Phenotype ◽  
The Third ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Seedling Leaf

Two mutants were isolated in wheat that showed enhanced resistance towards Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the fungal causal agent of yellow rust. The altered phenotype of I3-48 is due to a minimum of two mutation events, each showing a partial, additive effect, with one mutation segregating with a deletion on the long arm of chromosome 4D. In the case of I3-54, the enhanced resistance is due to a single, dominant mutation. In both mutants, the expression of the enhanced resistance is growth-stage specific. With I3-54, the full resistance phenotype is apparent from the third seedling leaf onwards, while with I3-48, a full resistance phenotype is only seen on the tenth and subsequent leaves. In addition to the enhanced resistance towards yellow rust, I3-48 also shows enhanced resistance towards brown rust, and I3-54 shows enhanced resistance to powdery mildew.

scholarly journals Changes in Photosynthesis Could Provide Important Insight into the Interaction between Wheat and Fungal Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8865
Author(s):  
Huai Yang ◽  
Peigao Luo
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Pathogen Infection ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Host Materials

Photosynthesis is a universal process for plant survival, and immune defense is also a key process in adapting to the growth environment. Various studies have indicated that these two processes are interconnected in a complex network. Photosynthesis can influence signaling pathways and provide both materials and energy for immune defense, while the immune defense process can also have feedback effects on photosynthesis. Pathogen infection inevitably leads to changes in photosynthesis parameters, including Pn, Gs, and Ci; biochemical materials such as SOD and CAT; signaling molecules such as H2O2 and hormones; and the expression of genes involved in photosynthesis. Some researchers have found that changes in photosynthesis activity are related to the resistance level of the host, the duration after infection, and the infection position (photosynthetic source or sink). Interactions between wheat and the main fungal pathogens, such as Puccinia striiformis, Blumeria graminis, and Fusarium graminearum, constitute an ideal study system to elucidate the relationship between changes in host photosynthesis and resistance levels, based on the accessibility of methods for artificially controlling infection and detecting changes in photosynthesis, the presence of multiple pathogens infecting different positions, and the abundance of host materials with various resistance levels. This review is written only from the perspective of plant pathologists, and after providing an overview of the available data, we generally found that changes in photosynthesis in the early stage of pathogen infection could be a causal factor influencing acquired resistance, while those in the late stage could be the result of resistance formation.

scholarly journals The use of PCR assay for quality testing of grain of winter wheat cultivated in organic, integrated, conventional system and monoculture in phytopathological aspect

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Łukanowski ◽  
Czesław Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Amplification Product ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Quality Testing

The aim of experiments was to evaluate the occurrence of fungi on grain of winter wheat cv. Roma cultivated in four systems on the experimental fields owned by the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation. Among pathogenic species, fungi from genus <i>Fusarium</i> dominated. Their number was the lowest on grain harvested in organic system and the highest in integrated one. Saprotrophic species were represented mainly by <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, which occurred the most often in organic system. Determination of <i>F. avenaceum</i>, <i>F. culmorum</i> and <i>F. poae</i> with microscope was confirmed with a PCR assay. All isolates of <i>F. culmorum</i> and <i>F. poae</i> gave an amplification product of <i>Tri 5</i> gene coding the possibility of trichocene production, while none of isolates of <i>F. avenaceum</i>.

scholarly journals Strategi Promosi, Diferensiasi dan Keputusan Pembelian pada Kepuasan Pelanggan

The Winners ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Masruroh Masruroh ◽  
Winda Suryadi
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Promotion Strategy ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Services Industry

Today every goods and services industry always tries to develop their comparative and competitive ability. Therefore the company no longer only think of profits but start to pay attention to other potential sectors that is able to sustain or increase revenue hence the customers interests becomes a major concern. The case study in this research is Promotion and Differentiation Strategy, on customer of PT Indomobil Trada National - Nissan Kelapa Gading. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of the Promotion and Differentiation Strategies of Buying Decision and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction. The method used in this study is Path Analysis. This research produces the structural equation Y = 0.375 X1 + 0.560 X2 + 0.42 ε1 where R2 = 82.1% and Z = 0.381 X1 + 0.524 Y + 0.48 ε2 where R2 = 76.4%. Promotion and Differentiation Strategies is effective in providing a positive influence towards Buying Decision, as well as Promotion Strategy and Buying Decision which has positive influence towards Customer Satisfaction, but Differentiation does not significantly influence Customer Satisfaction, so we recommend PT Indomobil National Trada - Nissan Kelapa Gading further enhance the existing Promotion Strategy to enhance influence in inducing Customer Satisfaction.

scholarly journals A New Cost Management System for Construction Projects to increase Competitiveness and Traceability in a Project Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47
Author(s):  
Hossein Toosi ◽  
Arezou Chamikarpour
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
Project Environment ◽  
Target Cost

Un nuevo sistema de gestión de costes de proyectos de construcción para aumentar la competitividad y la trazabilidad para entornos de proyectos. El objetivo principal de la investigación es utilizar nuevos métodos de cálculo de costes en los proyectos de construcción para reducir y controlar las desviaciones de costes y algunas limitaciones que presentan los modelos tradicionales. La hipótesis de la investigación se basa en la capacidad sinérgica del cálculo de costes basado en actividades centradas en el rendimiento, en combinación con el método de cálculo de costes objetivo para fomentar la competitividad del sistema de control de costes para entornos de proyectos. El método se elaboró para controlar los gastos directos y generales del proyecto durante su ejecución. Se realizó una entrevista con 26 directores financieros en dos o cuatro ocasiones entre junio de 2016 y mayo de 2017 con el fin de validar y modificar el método. Siguiendo una entrevista semiestructurada, el método propuesto contribuyó a aumentar la precisión, la certidumbre y la rastreabilidad de los costes y proporcionó la integridad del sistema contable, técnico y operacional. Además, se analizan las desviaciones y se reducen los costes al considerar las condiciones competitivas y estratégicas. También se limita el coste objetivo de los paquetes de trabajo y se genera una alerta al finalizar cada uno de ellos. Además, de acuerdo con el test de Friedman, existe una capacidad competitiva significativa en comparación con el método convencional de control de costes en los proyectos y también se aplica en un estudio de caso. This research proposed a new method for project cost management based on Competitiveness and traceability in a case study and operational situation. The research hypothesis is based on the synergistic ability of performance focused activity-based costing in combination of the target costing method for encouraging competitiveness cost control system for project environments. The method was developed to control, direct and overhead costs of the project during its progress. Also, it uses the feature of activity-driven and different resource drivers to determine the types of costs with the effect of time driver for each activity. An interview was conducted with financial managers during two to four times with the aim of validating and modifying the method. According to a semi-structured interview, the proposed method contributed to increase the precision, certainty, traceability of costs and provided the integrity of the accounting, technical and operational system. It also analyzes deviations and reduces costs by considering competitive and strategic conditions. It's also limiting the target cost of work packages and causing an alarm on the completion of each. According to Friedman test, there is a meaningful competitive ability compared to the conventional cost control method in the projects and it is also implemented in a case study.

scholarly journals Pathogen Detection and Microbiome Analysis of Infected Wheat Using a Portable DNA Sequencer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiheng Hu ◽  
Gamran S. Green ◽  
Andrew W. Milgate ◽  
Eric A. Stone ◽  
John P. Rathjen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis

ABSTRACTFungal diseases of plants are responsible for major losses in agriculture, highlighting the need for rapid and accurate identification of plant pathogens. Disease outcomes are often defined not only by the main pathogen but are influenced by diverse microbial communities known as the microbiome at sites of infection. Here we present the first use of whole genome shot-gun sequencing with a portable DNA sequencing device as a method for the detection of fungal pathogens from wheat(Triticum aestivum)in a standard molecular biology laboratory. The data revealed that our method is robust and applicable to the diagnosis of fungal diseases including wheat stripe rust (caused byPuccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici),septoria tritici blotch (caused byZymoseptoria tritici)and yellow leaf spot (caused byPyrenophora tritici repentis).We also identified the bacterial genusPseudomonasco-present withPucciniaandZymoseptoriabut notPyrenophorainfections. One limitation of the method is the over-representation of redundant wheat genome sequences from samples. This could be addressed by long-range amplicon-based sequencing approaches in future studies, which specifically target non-host organisms. Our work outlines a new approach for detection of a broad range of plant pathogens and associated microbes using a portable sequencer in a standard laboratory, providing the basis for future development of an on-site disease monitoring system.

scholarly journals PLANT DENSITY AND FIELD GERMINATION OF WINTER TRITICALE DEPENDING ON VARIETY AND NORMAL SEEDING SEEDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Леонид Шашкаров ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov ◽  
Светлана Толстова ◽  
Svetlana Tolstova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Field Germination ◽  
Plant Stand

The article deals with the issues of plant density and field germination of winter triticale on gray forest soils of the southeastern part of the Volga-Vyatka zone depending on the variety and seeding rates. The question of establishing the optimum density of sowing, the area of food for grain crops served as the object of study by many researchers. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. The plant stand density and field germination of winter triticale are significantly influenced by the weather conditions formed during the growing season of winter triticale plants. With an increase in seeding rates, the plant stand density and seeding rate increases, respectively, is important for the formation of a given density of productive stalks. In production, these elements of technology are often underestimated and often unjustifiably overestimate the seeding rate, which is absolutely unnecessary, since the really possible yield is achieved at an optimal seeding rate with minimal seed consumption. The winter triticale seeding rates, both in Russia and in the world as a whole varies from 2 to 8 million viable seeds per hectare. The urgency of the issue of creating optimal sowing density is explained by the fact that the factors that determine the magnitude of the yield are constantly changing. Until now, there is no consensus on the dependence of planting density on the degree of fertility. Some researchers believe that nutrient-rich soil requires less seed for maximum yield. Under these conditions, the plants develop better, they bush more, the maximum yield can be obtained with a lower seeding rate. The opposite opinion that it is necessary to sow thicker on rich soils has become widespread, especially in recent years. Advocates of the bottom conclusion explain their point of view by the fact that fertile soil has a greater supply of food and moisture, therefore, more plants can be grown on the same area, which means that the seeding rate should be increased [1,2.3,4.5,6,7]. Research results indicate that winter triticale with increasing seeding rates increases plant density and field germination of winter triticale plants.

scholarly journals Managing Changes in Building Sustainable Competitiveness of Companies in Transional Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Change Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Change Implementation ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Management Of Change ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
Theories Of Change ◽  
Successful Change

Change Management at organizational level has been conceived to be an important aspect of successful change implementation programs in modern organizations. In order to benefit from the efficiency that appropriate management of change offers in structured organizations, the study of management has ascribed importance to the study of change management as a management concept. This study has attempted to review existing literature on the subject. The study presented a conceptual analysis of the concept of change and the principles developed by practitioners for the management of change with connection with building a sustainable competitive ability of companies. A theoretical review of the concept was undertaken with focus on the Kurt Lewin’s force field theory which has been generally accepted as the theoretical foundation of change as attested by the acceptance of the theory as the bases for all other theories of change and connection with sustainable competitive ability of companies and this ascribed the title father of change management to main authors of change management. This study analyzed the basis of building competitive ability during of change process in Kosovo companies. The Study adopted a case study research conducted by other researchers to validate the effectiveness of the three stages of effective change management process with the focus of building stages for the sustainable competitive ability of enterprise as propounded by many authors on this field.

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