The effectiveness of several fertilizers in supplying sulfur to temperate pastures

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (119) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
BS Dear
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Sulfur Concentration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Composite Form ◽  
Temperate Pastures ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers ◽  
Effective Source

Pastures on two contrasting soils, one a heavy-textured soil derived from basalt and the other, a light-textured soil from dacite, were treated with several sulfur fertilizers at a single rate of sulfur application (20 kg/ha). The fertilizers ranged from ammonium and calcium sulfates to forms of elemental sulfur, with a composite form (sulfur-fortified superphosphate) included. The dry-matter yield and sulfur concentration of the pasture were measured over three or four years, and the net recovery of sulfur from the various fertilizers was calculated. The most soluble source, sulfate of ammonia, was the most effective source of sulfur to the pasture on the heavy-textured soil, followed by the less soluble gypsum but this order was reversed on the light-textured soil, which may have lost sulfate by leaching. The two forms of elemental sulfur (prilled Agri-Sul and granular Foam S) were much less effective at both sites and sulfur-fortified superphosphate was of intermediate effectiveness. However, the effectiveness of the elemental forms was better sustained into the third year, indicating that less frequent application of such forms would be feasible, provided that much heavier initial rates were used.

Effect of weeds and nitrogen fertiliser on yield and grain protein concentration of wheat

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Mason ◽  
RW Madin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Protein Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser

Field trials at Beverley (19911, Salmon Gums (1991; 2 sites) and Merredin (1992; 2 sites), each with 5 rates of nitrogen (N) and 3 levels of weed control, were used to investigate the effect of weeds and N on wheat grain yield and protein concentration during 1991 and 1992. Weeds in the study were grasses (G) and broadleaf (BL). Weeds reduced both vegetative dry matter yield and grain yield of wheat at all sites except for dry matter at Merredin (BL). Nitrogen fertiliser increased wheat dry matter yield at all sites. Nitrogen increased wheat grain yield at Beverley and Merredin (BL), but decreased yield at both Salmon Gums sites in 1991. Nitrogen fertiliser increased grain protein concentration at all 5 sites-at all rates for 3 sites [Salmon Gums (G) and (BL) and Merredin (G)] and at rates of 69 kg N/ha or more at the other 2 sites [Beverley and Merredin (BL)]. However, the effect of weeds on grain protein varied across sites. At Merredin (G) protein concentration was higher where there was no weed control, possibly due to competition for soil moisture by the greater weed burden. At Salmon Gums (G), grain protein concentration was greater when weeds were controlled than in the presence of weeds, probably due to competition for N between crop and weeds. In the other 3 trials, there was no effect of weeds on grain protein. The effect of weeds on grain protein appears complex and depends on competition between crop and weeds for N and for water at the end of the season, and the interaction between the two.

Fire and survival of Stylosanthes spp. in the dry savanna woodlands of the Northern Territory

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
JJ Mott
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis ◽  
Good Germination

A series of burns was carried out during the early and late, dry season and early wet season, in mixed native grass-legume plots containing Stylosanthes humilis, S. hamata, S, scabra and S. viscosa as the legume component. The least mortality was shown by S. scabra, but its survival was poor in any sward more than 3 years old. After burning the other species relied solely on seedling regeneration for subsequent season's growth. Fire killed a considerable quantity of seed, but its heat softened hard seed in the soil and good germination occurred with summer rains. However, the presence of a large proportion of soft seed through the winter months could lead to out-of-season germination and subsequent death of seedlings after unseasonal winter rains. Although the total dry matter yield of swards was reduced by all fires, burning could play an important part in increasing yields of S. hamata in swards overgrown by dense native grass, since it increases the amount of soft seed in the soil. If burning causes a high mortality of mature plants of the perennials S. scabra and S. viscosa, a reduction in stocking rate may be needed to ensure regeneration of a productive sward, as these species have slow seedling growth rates.

EFFECT OF DATES OF CUTTING ON DRY MATTER PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL CONTENT OF ALFALFA AND BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL

1969 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gasser ◽  
L. Lachance ◽  
P. Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Chemical Content

In two experiments, one with alfalfa and the other with birdsfoot trefoil, we have been able to show that a late cut in October does not adversely affect dry matter yield (DAI) of the legumes. Three cuts during a harvesting season ending on September 5 were detrimental to alfalfa, since lower yields were obtained the following year of harvest. Birdsfoot trefoil varieties were affected differentially. Three cuts did not affect the yield of Viking the following year, but did so of Empire. Significant differences in dry matter yields were obtained between DuPuits and Vernal and between Viking and Empire. Protein in the forage followed inversely the same pattern as that of DM yields, that is, where the intervals were shortest, the protein content was highest, and conversely. The total available carbohydrate and the nitrogen content of the roots were lowest following the treatments which had the shortest intervals between them.

Une régie de trois coupes chez le dactyle (Dactylis glomerata L.) en régions agricoles du Moyen-Nord de l'Est du Canada

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238
Author(s):  
R. Drapeau
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
The Third ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cutting Management ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Heading Stage

Orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) has good winter survival in the mid-north agricultural areas of eastern Canada. There is no information on the cutting management to use after the first harvest of orchardgrass under these climatic conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the required interval between harvests following a first harvest at heading stage to optimise the productivity and maintain the persistence of orchardgrass. An interval of 35 d between harvests was sufficient to obtain annual yields of 4 to 6 tonnes of dry matter per hectare. An interval of 28 d between harvests had no negative effects on orchardgrass persistence under our climatic conditions. A second harvest taken 42 d after the first one often had a negative effect on the dry matter yield of the third harvest. Each time this occurred, we observed that the second harvest had been taken after 20 July. Heading dates varied among years. In addition to the growth stage at the first harvest, the date of occurrence of the heading stage should be considered so that the second harvest will be taken before 20 July. Consequently, if heading is delayed in spring, the interval between the first and second harvest must be reduced to take the second harvest before 20 July. Delaying the third harvest had a negative effect on the dry matter yield of the first harvest of the following production year. These results indicate that it is possible to take three harvests before September under the climatic conditions of the mid-north of eastern Canada without affecting the persistence of orchardgrass. Key words: Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass, cutting stage, cutting intervals, cutting management, yield

CULTIVAR-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN RED CLOVER

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. CHOO ◽  
N. N. COULSON ◽  
J. E. LANGILLE ◽  
A. F. RAYMENT ◽  
J. S. BUBAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Population Average ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Yield Difference ◽  
Interaction Variance

The performance of nine double-cut and three single-cut red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) cultivars was studied at five locations in Atlantic Canada. The single-cut clovers survived relatively well at all locations while the double-cut clovers did not survive well at one location during the first winter. An analysis of data for total dry-matter yield from five environments, i.e., location-year combinations, showed that the single-cut clovers outyielded the double-cut clovers in Newfoundland but yielded lower at the other locations. Among the double-cut cultivars, Florex, Lakeland, Tapiopoly, and Violetta were found to be desirable cultivars because they had a high mean yield and did not yield lower than the population average at any of the five environments. A large cultivar-environment interaction variance was detected for the double-cut cultivars; therefore, at least 15 test environments are required in future trials in order to detect a yield difference of 6% by multiple comparison procedures.Key words: Trifolium pratense L., stability

Effects of Quinclorac on Following Rotational Crops

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Moyer ◽  
Rudy Esau ◽  
A. Lyle Boswall
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Drought Conditions

Quinclorac was registered for weed control in wheat (Triticum spp.) for western Canada in 1997. Residues from quinclorac may persist in the soil and may damage following crops; therefore, field and growth chamber experiments were conducted to determine the tolerance of several following rotational crops. Cereals and bromegrass (Bromus biebersteinii) were sufficiently tolerant that they could be seeded within 16 d of quinclorac application without risk of injury. At the other extreme, marketable and total potato (Solanum tuberosum) yields were reduced by quinclorac on irrigated land 1 yr after application. Growth chamber experiments were used to rank crops in order of their tolerance of quinclorac residues and to compare the tolerance of crops that were grown in the field with additional crops. Quinclorac injured several legume and oilseed crops when the crops were seeded immediately after application, but quinclorac did not reduce the dry matter yield of two of the most sensitive legumes, faba bean (Vicia faba) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa), 1 yr after application on irrigated land. However, based on a previous study, one can conclude that injury to these crops may occur in the field under drought conditions in rain-fed agricultural systems.

Effects of perennial ryegrass cultivar, duration of lock up and nitrogen fertiliser application on dairy pasture dry matter yield and quality for silage in south-western Victoria

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Jacobs ◽  
F. R. McKenzie ◽  
G. N. Ward ◽  
G. Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
The Other ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Western Victoria

A study in south-western Victoria determined effects of 3 perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars (Vedette, Impact and Nevis) with differing maturities, duration of lock up and nitrogen (N) application on the dry matter yield and nutritive characteristics of pasture for silage. Treatments were cultivar (3), N (0 and 50 kg N/ha) and duration of lock up (5–10 weeks) arranged in a completely randomised design in 3 by 5 m plots replicated 3 times. Plots were mown to a uniform height (5 cm) on 14 September 1998 (first day of lock up) and 1 week later N was applied as urea (46% N) at either 0 or 50 kg N/ha to the respective plots. Weekly sampling commenced on 19 October (week 5 of lock up), and continued until 23 November. For each treatment and harvest date, dry matter yield and botanical composition were determined, and samples of total pasture and the ryegrass fraction were collected and chemically analysed for dry matter digestibility, concentrations of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, water-soluble carbohydrates and minerals. Metabolisable energy was derived from dry matter digestibility. All pasture types were predominantly ryegrass (>90%) with no differences in the nutritive characteristics of total pasture swards or the respective ryegrass fraction. Nitrogen at 50 kg N/ha significantly (P<0.05) increased dry matter yield for all cultivars. Metabolisable energy (MJ/kg DM) of the pasture declined with time for all treatments, with Vedette having a significantly (P<0.05) greater rate of decline than the other cultivars. Vedette reached early ear emergence about 3 weeks earlier (week 7) than the other cultivars. The harvestable metabolisable energy yield (MJ/ha) at ear emergence was highest for Impact, followed by Nevis and Vedette. In conclusion, there is potential to use later-maturing cultivars of ryegrass in south-eastern Australia to allow for later harvesting of forage for silage, while maintaining metabolisable energy and maximising dry matter yields. Furthermore, the use of N fertiliser can also increase dry matter yields without impinging on pasture quality provided the time between N application and harvest date does not exceed 5–6 weeks.

Influence of Farm Yard Manure, Farm Yard Manure + Urea, and Urea on Crop Yield in Prishnaparni (Uraria picta Desv. ex DC.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Usha Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Farm Yard Manure ◽  
Different Soils

ABSTRACT To evaluate the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) alone, FYM + urea, and urea alone on the growth and yield of Uraria picta Desv. ex DC. with two physicochemically different soils of Bundelkhand region, pot experiment was conducted during 2010 to 2011 and 2014 to 2015. FYM + urea applied in 50:50 ratio of nitrogen (N) gave best results as compared with the other treatments for crop yield in both the types of soils. Highest dry matter yield of 18.62 gm/pot was obtained during the year 2010 to 2011 and 24.33 gm/pot was obtained during the year 2014 to 2015 when FYM + urea was treated in black soil. The FYM alone and urea alone yielded dry matter of 16.03 gm/pot and 15.55 gm/pot respectively, during the year 2010 to 2011. Trends for the increase in dry matter yield were similar during both the years of study. In red soil also, dry matter yield was highest (10.23 gm/pot) during the year 2010 to 2011 and (14.33 gm/pot) 2014 to 2015 when FYM + urea was applied. The FYM + urea in 50:50 ratio is the best for the growth of Uraria picta. Desv. ex DC. How to cite this article Kiran U. Influence of Farm Yard Manure, Farm Yard Manure + Urea, and Urea on Crop Yield in Prishnaparni (Uraria picta Desv. ex DC.). J Drug Res Ayurvedic Sci 2017;2(1):30-33.

scholarly journals Effects of seeding density, cutting height and month of harvest on the dry matter yield and protein content of Ubon Stylo

1969 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Jorge Olivares ◽  
Elide Valencia ◽  
Rafael Ramos-Santana
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Cutting Height

Four levels of seed were used for establishment of Ubon Stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis var. vulgaris x var. pauciflora) in the first phase of this research, and in the present second phase, this same variable plus three cutting heights and four months of harvest at 90-d intervals were evaluated as to their effects on forage dry matter yield (DMY) and crude protein (CP) content. The seeding levels (5, 10, 15 and 20 kg/ha) constitute the main plots; cutting heights (10, 15 and 20 cm) formed the subplots; and months of harvest (March, June, September and December) the sub-subplots. Statistical analysis revealed that DMY was not significantly influenced by cutting height or by the interactions of this variable with each of the other two. Month of harvest did exert a significant effect (P<0.05) on DMY, and seeding density showed a similar tendency (P<0.063); also an interaction (P<0.05) between these two variables was detected. Mean DMY, expressed as annual equivalent (kg/ha), corresponding to the four consecutive harvests from March to December were: 5,949; 11,285; 8,105 and 6,543; with a general mean of 7,970. Values of DMY corresponding to the four progressive seeding rates from 5 to 20 kg/ha seed were: 7,488; 8,347; 8,375 and 7,672 kg/ha. The seeding rate x harvest interaction is illustrated by the fact that the highest DMY at the June harvest (13,975 kg/ha) was obtained with 15 kg/ha seed, whereas the maximum DMY at the other three harvests corresponded to the 10 kg/ha seeding rate. The general mean of the forage CP content was 13.4% and no significant effects were exerted by the three factors under study or their interactions. The present results confirm the earlier conclusion that 10 kg/ha is the optimum seeding rate for establishment of Ubon Stylo to promote a high DMY without incurring in unnecessary additional expense. Furthermore, the high yields obtained in the summer season suggest that the cutting interval could be shortened to improve the CP content at this time of year.

scholarly journals VARIETY RESOURCES OF ALFALFA IN THE INTENSIFICATION OF FIELD FEED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Nadiia Hetman
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
The Third ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
The Right

In the soil and climatic conditions of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe, regardless of the action of abiotic and biotic factors during the growing season, high adaptability of alfalfa was established for different geographical origins, namely the natural zone of the Forest-Steppe, Polissya, Steppe Ukraine and Serbia. It was found that under the weather conditions of 2016 year alfalfa varieties reacted differently to changes in temperature and moisture during the growing season. It is important to note the effectiveness of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers applied directly to alfalfa coverless method of sowing. In the year of sowing, alfalfa formed a powerful herbage and provided two slopes with a yield of green mass at the level of 20,13-29,80 t/ha with a dry matter yield of 4,80-6,69 t/ha. For the second year of vegetation, alfalfa was carried out according to the regimes, which considered the phases of growth and development (budding, beginning of flowering and flowering). In the first mode of cutting management (all slopes in the budding phase) it is advisable to identify three varieties of Unitro, Nasoloda and Rosana, which provided a gross dry matter of 10,41-10,48 and 2,29-2,31 t/ha of crude protein. The productivity of alfalfa increased with late term cutting - at the beginning of flowering and a combination of slopes (3rd mode). The dry matter yield was 11,40-12,62 and 2,35-2,51 t/ha of crude protein (second regime) and the indicators increased under the third regime, especially dry matter 13,58-15,80 t/ha and decreased to 2,37-2,41 t/ha of crude protein. The increase in dry matter of the second mode increased by 9,5-23,1% and crude protein by 2,6-20,5%, and in the third mode of use of alfalfa it was 2,3-11,2%, compared to the mode of mowing the grass in the budding phase. During the third year of vegetation under favorable agroecological conditions for growth and development of alfalfa plants, the studied varieties provided four slopes regardless of the mode of use of grass with a dry matter yield of 15,43-20,58 and 3,21-4,02 t/ha of crude protein. During the second and third years of vegetation from the studied modes of use of alfalfa grass for fodder purposes, the highest yield of crude protein 5,27-6,53 t/ha varieties provided for the alienation of crops at the beginning of the flowering phase, which was on average 6,0-7,1% higher than when mowing all slopes in the budding phase and a combination of slopes in the phases of growth and development (3rd mode). Thus, in the conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the right bank on gray forest soils alfalfa, regardless of geographical origin, adapted to growing conditions and provided stable productivity indicators regardless of the regime of grass use with observance of elements of cultivation technology.

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