Mineral nutrition of soybeans grown in the south Burnett region of south-eastern Queensland. I. Effect of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur on grain yield and plant composition

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
T Dickson ◽  
GF Haydon ◽  
JC Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
The South ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Yield Responses

Twenty-seven field experiments were carried out over the period 1973 to 1977 with soybeans Glycine max(L.) Merrill cv. Bragg on krasnozem, euchrozem and xanthozem soils in the South Burnett region of Queensland to study effects of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and sulfur on grain yield and plant nutrient composition. Grain yield responses (P< 0.01) were associated with increased seed number rather than heavier grain weights. These were recorded at approximately 30% of the 27 sites that received 20 or 40 kg P/ha and on 25% of 17 sites after an application of 50 kg K/ha. No yield gains were measured from applications of calcium and sulfur. Moisture stress from anthesis to maturity restricted grain production in all years but only in one were responses to applied nutrients seriously reduced. Indices for the attempted prediction of yield responses to applied elements were derived from the concentration of elements in leaves and whole tops collected at anthesis. Mean leaf phosphorus concentrations were 0.24% in control plots and 0.26% in fertilized treatments. No relation between leaf phosphorus and response to applied phosphorus could be established but leaf potassium concentration in control treatments averaged 0.66% at responsive sites and 1.64% at non-responsive sites.

Influence of potassium and nitrogen fertiliser on yield, oil and protein concentration of canola (Brassica napus L.) grain harvested in south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 976 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Yield Responses

Most soils used for agriculture in south-western Australia are sandy and are now deficient in both potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) for cereal and canola (oilseed rape; Brassica napus L.) grain production. However, the effect of applying different levels of both fertiliser K and N on grain yields of these crops is not known. We report results of 10 field experiments, conducted on sandy soils in the region, to measure the effects of applying both K and N on canola grain yields and concentration of oil and protein in grain. Four levels of K (0–60 kg K/ha as potassium chloride) and four levels of N (0–138 kg N/ha as urea) were applied. Significant grain yield responses to applied N occurred in all experiments for the nil-K treatment and each level of K applied, with responses increasing as more N was applied. For all levels of N applied, significant grain yield responses occurred when up to 30 kg K/ha was applied, with no further significant grain yield responses occurring when 60 kg K/ha was applied. The K × N interaction was always significant for grain production. Application of K had no effect on the concentration of oil and protein in grain. Application of N consistently decreased concentration of oil and increased concentration of protein in grain. The K × N interaction was not significant for concentration of oil or protein in grain, but application of up to 30 kg K/ha significantly increased canola grain and so oil yields (concentration of oil in grain multiplied by grain yield). Our results are likely to be relevant for all acidic to neutral sandy soils worldwide used for growing canola crops.

Comparing the nitrogen and phosphorus requirements of canola and wheat for grain yield and quality

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Yield Responses

Canola (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) is now grown in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on the predominantly sandy soils of south-western Australia. For both crop species, fertiliser nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) need to be applied for profitable grain production. The fertiliser N requirements have been determined separately for canola or wheat when adequate P was applied. By contrast, the fertiliser P requirements of the 2 species have been compared in the same experiment when adequate N was applied and showed that canola consistently required ~25–60% less P than wheat to produce 90% of the maximum grain yield. We report results of a field experiment conducted at 7 sites from 2000 to 2003 in the region to compare grain yield responses of canola and wheat to application of N and P in the same experiment. Four levels of N (0–138 kg N/ha as urea [46% N]) and 6 levels of P (0–40 kg P/ha as superphosphate [9.1%P]) were applied. Significant grain yield responses to applied N and P occurred for both crop species at all sites of the experiment, and the N × P interaction for grain production was always significant. To produce 90% of the maximum grain yield, canola required ~40% more N (range 16–75%) than wheat, and ~25% less P (range 12–43%) than wheat. For both crop species at 7 sites, applying increasing levels of N had no significant effect on the level of P required for 90% of maximum grain yield, although at 1 site the level of P required to achieve the target yield for both crop species when no N was applied (nil-N treatment) was significantly lower than for the other 3 treatments treated with N. For both crop species at all 7 sites, applying increasing levels of P increased the level of N required for 90% of the maximum grain yield. Fertiliser P had no significant effect on protein concentration in canola and wheat grain, and oil concentration in canola grain. As found in previous studies, application of increasing levels of N decreased oil concentration while increasing protein concentration in canola grain, and increased protein concentration in wheat grain. The N × P interaction was not significant for protein or oil concentration in grain. Protein concentrations in canola grain were about double those found in wheat grain.

Effect of fertiliser phosphorus and nitrogen on the concentrations of oil and protein in grain and the grain yield of canola (Brassica napus L.) grown in south-western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 984 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Brennan ◽  
M. D. A. Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil P Testing

The effect of fertiliser phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) on seed (grain) yield and concentration of oil and protein in grain of canola (oil-seed rape; Brassica napus L.) was measured in two field experiments undertaken at eight sites from 1993–2005 in south-western Australia, on soils deficient in P and N. Six rates of P (0–40 kg P/ha as single superphosphate) and four rates of N (0–138 kg N/ha as urea) were applied. Significant grain yield increases (responses) to applied P occurred in both experiments and these responses increased as rates of applied N increased. For grain production, the P × N interaction was significant in all eight years and locations of the two experiments. Application of P had no effect on concentration of oil and protein in grain. Application of N always decreased the concentration of oil and increased the concentration of protein in grain. For canola grain production in the region, responses to applied N always occur whereas responses to applied P are rare, but if soil P testing indicates likely P deficiency, both P and N fertiliser need to be applied.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL AND GRAIN YIELD RESPONSES OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L.) TO TIME AND INTENSITY OF DEFOLIATION UNDER APPLICATION OF AMINO ACID

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 2911-2929
Author(s):  
H NAJAFIKHAN-BEHBIN ◽  
M R DADASHI ◽  
A FARAJI ◽  
A SOLTANI
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Yield Responses

scholarly journals PRINOS ZRNA HIBRIDA KUKURUZA RAZLIČITIH FAO GRUPA ZRENJA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milomirka Madic ◽  
◽  
Dalibor Tomic ◽  
Aleksandar Paunovic ◽  
Vladeta Stevovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Critical Phases

Field experiments with 11 native maize hybrids for grain production FAO maturity group 400-600 were set up over two years at two sites (near the villages of Brzan and Lužnice, Kragujevac municipality) with the aim of, based on the yield over years, recommending hybrids for specific agroecological conditions. The average maize grain yield for all hybrids in 2017 was 4.2 t ha-1, and in 2018 11.1 t ha-1. Hybrids ZP 548 and NS 5051 had the highest average grain yield in 2017, and in 2018 ZP 560 and NS 4051. Higher yields in 2018 are mainly the result of a larger amount and a more favorable distribution of precipitation in the vegetation period. In both years, which differed in agrometeorological conditions during the vegetation period, especially in the amount and distribution of precipitation in the second part of the vegetation, in which the critical phases of maize development take place, the highest yields were recorded mainly in FAO 500 hybrids.

POTASSIUM STATUS OF IRRIGATED BROWN CHERNOZEMIC SOILS OF SOUTHERN ALBERTA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MaCKAY ◽  
J. M. CAREFOOT
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Intensive Cropping ◽  
Yield Responses

A series of 10 field experiments conducted over a 4-yr period (1973–1976) on three of the most important Brown Chernozemic soils in the irrigated area of southern Alberta gave no significant yield responses to applied K (at rates of 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha −1 in 1973 and 0, 127, 254 and 508 kg ha−1 in the other years), using potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as the test crop. The experiments included several cultivars, a variety of growing conditions, and diverse cropping histories. In addition, the K concentration of uppermost mature leaf blades obtained at the 10%-bloom stage were only slightly affected by K treatments, except in 1 yr (1975). The increased K uptake in 1975 was related to greater precipitation before irrigation was applied (66, 99 and 94 mm, respectively) during April, May and June in comparison with the long-term average of 32, 54 and 76 mm. The effects of early-season soil moisture stress were partially confirmed in a controlled environment (CE) experiment in which maintenance of soil water potentials between −30 and −20 kPa throughout the season caused greater uptake of added K in comparison with soil moisture stress in the 0–15 cm zone prior to the 10%-bloom stage. Yields of tubers were depressed with the stressed treatment, but there was no yield response to added K. Leaf analyses from the field experiments indicate that the critical K level of 43 g kg−1, which was established earlier for the Russet Burbank cultivar growing on Podzol soils is too high for irrigated Chernozemic soils, and that 30 g kg−1 would be a more valid tentative value. In a second CE experiment, designed to quantify the fate of applied K during intensive cropping, no yield responses to K applications were obtained with alfalfa on a coarse-textured Cavendish sandy loam during a 2-yr period. With no applied K, crop uptake reduced exchangeable K levels throughout the entire profile (66 cm) by about 20%. Thirty percent of the K removed by the crop originated from nonexchangeable soil K. With the highest K rate (450 kg ha−1 applied twice), 50% could be attributed to plant uptake, 15% to increased exchangeable K, and 35% to fixation in the nonexchangeable form. It is concluded that response to applied K on irrigated Brown and Dark Brown Chernozemic soils of southern Alberta is unlikely, even with intensive cropping, for some time in the future. A practical strategy for producers could be to apply moderate rates of K as a conservation measure when economic conditions are favorable and to rely on soil reserves in times of financial pressures. Key words: K-release, K-fixation, leaf analysis, fertilizer K requirements, soil water stress, K deficiency

The effect of fallowing on the yield of wheat. II. The effect on grain yield

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ French
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Responses

The effect of fallowing on wheat yields is reported for a South Australian environment where 62% of the variation in yield is ascribed to water supply and where water use efficiency in grain production ranges from 1 to 11 kg/ha/mm. The mean yield response from a fallow (initial tillage 9 months before sowing) compared with a non-fallow (tillage 2 months before sowing) in 28 seasonal, site and fertility situations was 335 kg/ha and the maximum 875 kg/ha. Each additional millimetre of water stored through fallowing gave on average 8 kg grain per ha. Only fine-textured soils stored considerable water through fallowing. The additional nitrate in fallow gave yield responses when the non-fallow soil contained less than 70 kg nitrate nitrogen per ha, but only when water use by the crop exceeded 230 mm. The results are related to responses to fallowing obtained in other wheat-growing districts in Australia.

Effect of time sowing and cultivar on the development and grain yield of irrigated wheat in the Macquarie Valley, New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Detectable Effect ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Wide Range

Field experiments over 2 seasons in the Macquarie Valley of central New South Wales compared yields under irrigation of 5 wheat varieties with a wide range of maturities sown from 8 April to 27 August.Early maturity wheats (Yecora and Avocet) sown prior to 6 May suffered frost damage, while the winter wheats (WW33G and Burgas) sown after 29 July were not fully vernalised and most tillers failed to produce heads. There was a curvilinear relation between time of sowing and grain yield. Excluding the treatments which suffered frost damage, the earliest time of sowing (8 April) produced the highest yield, with a 6.4% yield reduction between 8 April and 8 May. The yield reduction increased with later sowing date: 13.3, 19.3, and 26.5% during May, June, and July. Anthesis in mid September produced the highest yields for all varieties. Treatments which flowered earlier than mid September suffered frost damage. For each day later than 15 September that anthesis occurred, the mean yield fell by 1.3% or about 68 kg/ha.day. Date of anthesis had no detectable effect on the rate of individual grain growth (1.3 mg/grain.day), but the later anthesis occurred, the shorter the duration of grain development and the lower the final grain weight. Rising temperatures, not moisture stress, seems to be the factor causing the decline in yield with late sowing. This experiment was irrigated to eliminate moisture stress but the decline in yield was similar to that reported for dryland crops.

Grain yield responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) to applications of fertiliser phosphorus and zinc.

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. A. Bolland ◽  
K. H. M. Siddique ◽  
R. F. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Yield Responses ◽  
Zinc Fertiliser

Seed (grain) yield responses of faba bean (Vicia faba L. cv. Fiord) to applications of fertiliser phosphorus (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 kg P/ha as triple superphosphate) and zinc (0, 0.5, 1 and 2 kg Zn/ha as zinc oxide) were measured in 3 field experiments conducted in 1997 and 1998 on neutral to alkaline soils in south-western Australia. Additions of fertiliser phosphorus significantly (P<0.001) increased grain yields by about 50 and 100% in 2 experiments, but in the third experiment differences in grain yield due to applications of fertiliser phosphorus were not significant (P>0.05). Increases in grain yields due to zinc fertiliser were small (<10%) and were only significant (P<0.05) in 1 experiment. This suggests the 3 sites chosen had adequate soil zinc for grain production of faba bean. In 1 experiment the increase in grain yield due to addition of phosphorus fertiliser was due to an increase in the number of pods per plant; numbers of seed per pod and mean seed weight were unaffected by additions of phosphorus and zinc fertiliser. Adding phosphorus and zinc fertiliser increased concentrations of both elements in grain, but had no effect on the concentrations of other nutrient elements (N, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, Mn, Fe) measured in grain. These findings support results of a previous study in Western Australia indicating that phosphorus is the major nutrient element deficiency for grain production of faba bean in neutral to alkaline soils.

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