Efficiency with which yellow serradella and subterranean clover use superphosphate on a deep sandy soil near Esperance, Western Australia

1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 675 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
P Content ◽  
The Relationship

In 1984, the efficiency with which an early- and a late-flowering yellow serradella (cv. Pitman and strain DP4 respectively) and a subterranean clover (cv. Seaton Park) utilise phosphorus (P) from superphosphate was compared on a deep sandy soil near Esperance, W.A. Phosphorus applications ranged from 0 to 90 kg/ha P. For each legume there was an approximately linear relationship between the amount of P applied and either the yield of dry herbage and seed, or the P content of dry herbage. The efficiency with which each legume utilised applied P (kg/ha) was determined by calculating the slope of the relationships between dry matter production, or phosphorus content of this dry matter, and the amount of phosphorus applied; this varied according to the growth stage at which the legumes were sampled. Strain DP4 utilised P more efficiently to produce dry herbage, and Seaton Park to produce seed. Pitman was the least efficient at utilising P for dry herbage production in September, and Seaton Park in early October. For dry herbage production in September and early October, the relationship between yield and P content was similar for all 3 legumes, and yield depended on the amount of P present in the herbage. For each legume, the rate of phosphorus applied had no effect on seedling emergence, the period between sowing and commencement of flowering, senescence or the weight per seed.

Response of defoliated swards of subterranean clover and yellow serradella to superphosphate applications

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 777
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of superphosphate applications (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 kg P/ha to the soil surface) on the dry matter (DM) herbage production of dense swards of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum cv. Junee) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus cv. Tauro) was measured in a field experiment on deep, sandy soil in south-western Australia. The swards were defoliated with a reel mower at weekly intervals from 88 to 158 days after sowing, to a height of 2 cm for the first 9 cuts, 4 cm for the tenth cut and 5 cm for the eleventh cut. Yellow serradella was more productive than subterranean clover. Consequently, for the relationship between yield and the level of phosphorus (P) applied, yellow serradella supported larger maximum yields and required less P than subterranean clover, to produce the same DM herbage yield. Maximum yields of yellow serradella were 12-40% larger. To produce 70% of the maximum yield for yellow serradella at each harvest, yellow serradella required about 50% less P than subterranean clover. However, when yields were expressed as a percentage of the maximum yield measured for each species at each harvest, the relationship between yield and the level of P applied was similar for both species, and they had similar P requirements.

Effectiveness of topdressed and incorporated superphosphate and Duchess rock phosphate for subterranean clover on sandy soils near Esperance Western Australia

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deep Yellow ◽  
Phosphate Incorporation

In 2 experiments on sandy soil near Esperance, W. A., superphosphate and Duchess (Queensland) apatite rock phosphate were either left on the soil surface after application (topdressed) or incorporated into the top 10 cm of the soil with a rotary hoe (incorporated). One experiment was on Fleming gravelly sand which had a greater capacity to adsorb phosphorus than did the deep yellow sand (Gibson sand) used in the other experiment. Dry matter or seed yield of subterranean clover and phosphorus content of dry herbage or seed were used as indicators of the effectiveness of the phosphorus treatments. Compared with topdressed superphosphate, incorporation of superphosphate did not greatly influence its effectiveness on the Gibson soil, but reduced its effectiveness by about 20% on the Fleming soil. Relative to topdressed rock phosphate, incorporation of rock phosphate almost doubled its effectiveness on the Fleming soil, and improved its effectiveness by about 1.5 times on the Gibson soil. Superphosphate was the more effective fertiliser. Relative to topdressed superphosphate, the effectiveness of topdressed and incorporated Duchess rock phosphate, respectively, was about 15 and 30% on the Fleming soil, and about 25 and 40% on the Gibson soil. There was no evidence of any leaching of phosphorus from Duchess rock phosphate from the 0-10 cm layer of either soil, nor of superphosphate on the Fleming soil. However, on the Gibson soil, there was some leaching of superphosphate to below 10cm, but not below 20 cm.

Rock phosphate and superphosphate as sources of phosphorus for subterranean clover on an acid sandy soil

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Alston ◽  
KW Chin
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean

Subterranean clover was grown on an acid sandy soil in a field experiment at Mount Compass, South Australia, where the mean annual rainfall is 837 mm. Rock phosphate and superphosphate were applied at 0 to 66 kg ha-1 P. Dry matter yields and phosphorus uptake by the clover and the phosphorus content of the soil were determined. At given levels of addition of phosphorus, rock phosphate was as effective as superphosphate in increasing dry matter yield and phosphorus uptake by the clover in the year of application. Rock phosphate also increased yield and uptake in subsequent years, but superphosphate had little residual effect. Leaching losses of phosphorus from the top 10 cm of soil during three and a half years were equal to 100 per cent and 80 per cent of that applied in superphosphate at 22 and 66 kg ha-1 P respectively. The corresponding losses where rock phosphate was applied were 80 per cent and 60 per cent. Most of the phosphorus leached from superphosphate was lost within two months of the application.

scholarly journals Phosphorus requirement and partitioning in oat cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Manica ◽  
Pedro Alexandre Varella Escosteguy
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
P Content ◽  
Phosphorus Requirement ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Dry Matter Weight

ABSTRACT: Maintenance fertilization changes with nutrient requirements and partitioning, but these are not well known for oat cultivars. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether phosphorus (P) requirements and partitioning vary among cultivars of oat (Avena sativa L.). The UPFA ‘Ouro’, UPFPS ‘Farroupilha’, IPR ‘Afrodite’, URS ‘FAPA Slava’, ‘Barbarasul’, ‘FAEM 007’, URS ‘Taura’, and ‘URS 21’ were cultivated in a Latosol with high P content in a greenhouse in 2015. Plants were sampled at physiological maturity and divided into roots, stem, leaves, and grain tissues. Phosphorus content and the dry matter weight of these parts were evaluated and the uptake amount and partitioning of P were estimated. The values of these variables differed across cultivars, except the P content in the grain (‘average’, 4.0g P kg-1). ‘Afrodite’ and ‘FAPA Slava’ have lower requirements and partitioning of P in the grain, but these did not vary among the other cultivars. Requirements and partitioning of P in stem and leaves increased in the following order: ‘Ouro’ and ‘Farroupilha’<‘Taura’ and ‘FAPA Slava’<‘URS 21’<‘Afrodite’, ‘Barbarasul’ and ‘FAEM 007’. Requirement and partitioning of P in roots, stem, leaves, and grain differs across cultivars, which indicates that this factor, besides how the oat is used (such as for grain, pasture, silage, cover crop), can be used to improve maintenance fertilization.

Responses of serradella and subterranean clover to phosphorus from superphosphate and Duchess rock phosphate

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
MDA Bolland
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Herbage Yield ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
The Relationship

The responses of yellow serradella, slender serradella and subterranean clover to phosphorus from superphosphate and an apatite rock phosphate from Duchess, north-eastern Australia, were measured in a field experiment near Esperance, W.A. Over the 16 months of the experiment, dry herbage yields depended upon the phosphorus content of dried herbage. For each sampling time, the relationship between dry herbage yield and the phosphorus content of dried herbage was similar for both fertilizers and for all three species. At each rate of fertilizer application, the amount of phosphorus absorbed by the plants from the rock phosphate was less than that from superphosphate, and this limited yield. When fertilized with superphosphate, subterranean clover absorbed less phosphorus than the serradellas for each rate of fertilizer application, and this also reduced yield. Thus less phosphorus from superphosphate was required to produce serradella than was required to produce the same weight of subterranean clover. When fertilized with rock phosphate, 1982 herbage production was in the order: yellow serradella> subterranean clover>slender serradella. 1982 seed yields were: subterranean clover>yellow serradella> slender serradella. 1 983 herbage yields were: slender serradella>yellow serradella> subterranean clover. For herbage yields, for each rate of fertilizer application, this order was also dictated by the amount of phosphorus absorbed by each of the three species.

Discrimination in Carbon Isotopes of Leaves Correlates With Water-Use Efficiency of Field-Grown Peanut Cultivars

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 815 ◽  
Author(s):  
GC Wright ◽  
KT Hubick ◽  
GD Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship

Variation in water-use efficiency (W, g of total dry matter produced/kg water used), and its correlation with cultivar isotope discrimination in leaves (Δ) was assessed in peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Plants were grown in separate minilysimeters that were both embedded in the ground and positioned above the crop. Differences among cultivars were found in W and � and the relationship between W and Δ was compared for plants grown in open and closed canopies. Genetic variability in W in plants grown in the field under non-limiting water conditions was demonstrated, with Tifton-8, of Virginia habit, having the highest W (3.71 g/kg) and Rangkasbitung, an Indonesian cultivar of Spanish habit, the lowest (2.46 g/ kg). Variability in W was due to variation in total dry matter production more than that of water use. A strong negative correlation was found between Δ and W, and also between Δ and total dry matter. The relationship between whole plant W, including roots, and Δ was stronger than that between shoot W, without roots and Δ. The improvement occurred because of variation among cultivars in the root to shoot ratio. This highlights the importance of taking account of root dry matter in studies concerning W. There were significant differences in W and Δ between plants in pots above-ground compared to pots in the ground, with above-ground plants having significantly lower values of both W and Δ. The ranking of W and Δ among cultivars was not affected by the contrast in environment, which suggests these parameters are under strong genetic control. Total above-ground dry matter yield at maturity was negatively correlated with Δ, while pod yield was not. It appears a negative association between harvest index and Δ may exist; however not all cultivars used in this and other studies follow this response. Both water-use efficiency, Wand total dry matter production are negatively correlated with Δ in leaves of peanut plants grown in small canopies in the field. Measurement of Δ may prove a useful trait for selecting cultivars with improved W and total dry matter yield under field conditions.

Common Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Interference in Soybean (Glycine max)

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Larry D. Maddux ◽  
Loren J. Moshier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Sunflower Plant ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Competition Study ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

An in-row competition study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 near Silver Lake, KS to determine the relationship of noncultivated common sunflower density to soybean yield, PAR at the soybean canopy, and common sunflower dry matter production. Because of environmental differences, year main effect interactions occurred, so results are presented by year. For example, 0.3 common sunflower plant/m2produced 4030 kg/ha of aboveground dry matter in 1991 and 1300 kg/ha in 1992. Soybean yield reduction ranged from 19 and 17% with 0.3 common sunflower plant/m2to 97 and 95% with 4.6 plant/m2, in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Assuming a treatment cost of $35/ha and a soybean market price of $0.21/kg, economic threshold levels were 0.1 common sunflower plant/m2in 1991, and 0.07 in 1992. Common sunflower at 0.3 plant/m2reduced PAR at the soybean canopy by 390 and 300 μE/m2/s, or 24 and 18% in 1991 and 1992, respectively. We conclude that the ability of common sunflower to intercept PAR above the soybean canopy is an important component in its interference with soybean.

Effect of seed source and seed phosphorus content on the growth and yield of wheat in north-eastern Victoria

1997 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Burnett ◽  
P. J. Newton ◽  
D. R. Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
P Content ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Early Seedling

Summary. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed was grown at 2 locations differing in phosphorus (P) status (low and high) in north-eastern Victoria (36°S, 146°E), with applied superphosphate (kg P/ha: 0, 12, 24, 100 and 200), to produce seed of different P content. This seed was used in field and glasshouse experiments in 1993 and 1994 to investigate the effects of seed source and P content on the growth and yield of wheat. Wheat seed grown at the low P status site was smaller than seed grown at the high P status site, irrespective of the amount of applied P. Seed from the low P status site produced less early dry matter in both field and glasshouse experiments in 1993, but there was no effect of seed source on grain yield in either experiment. High seed P content either had no effect or reduced seedling emergence in the field experiments. In the glasshouse, low P content in seed from the low P status site resulted in reduced emergence. Increases in dry matter production and grain yield with higher seed P content were only observed in the drought season of 1994. Application of P resulted in increased emergence, dry matter production and grain yield at most seed P content levels but there were no significant interactions between seed P content and applied P. Application of N did not affect dry matter production in either year, but increased grain protein in both years and grain yield in 1993. Seed from low P status environments can affect early seedling growth but in average growing seasons, or in glasshouse conditions, wheat growth compensates so that differences in grain yield are not observed. However, in order to avoid risk of poor early seedling growth and possible yield penalties when the crop is stressed, wheat seed should be collected from adequate soil P status sites.

Pasture mixes with lucerne (Medicago sativa) increase yields and water-use efficiencies over traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. McCaskill ◽  
M. C. Raeside ◽  
S. G. Clark ◽  
C. MacDonald ◽  
B. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Weed Invasion ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Use Efficiencies

Pastures sown to lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) with a perennial non-legume could increase feed supply relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). Such mixtures might also be preferable to pure lucerne pastures, which are prone to weed invasion. Yield and water-use efficiency (harvested dry matter per unit evapotranspiration) of mixtures with lucerne or subterranean clover were compared a field experiment established under rainfed conditions at Hamilton, Victoria. Soil moisture and dry matter production were measured over 2 years. Treatments included chicory (Cichorium intybus L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb.) with either lucerne or subterranean clover; pure lucerne; and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) with only subterranean clover. In the second year, dry matter production from lucerne mixtures exceeded that of equivalent mixtures with subterranean clover in spring, summer and winter. In spring, the lucerne component continued producing for longer than the clover component through its use of deeper stored soil water, and in summer, lucerne continued to grow slowly after the grass component had entered a drought-induced dormancy. In winter, the contribution from the lucerne component complemented, rather than competed with, that from the non-legume component. Water-use efficiencies during winter–spring ranged from 4 kg ha–1 mm–1 for chicory–clover to 27 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture, and during summer–autumn from nil for cocksfoot–clover to 13 kg ha–1 mm–1 for a fescue–lucerne mixture. This study demonstrates that lucerne-based mixtures can increase forage supply per unit water use relative to traditional pastures based on subterranean clover.

Dry matter production from irrigated winter forage crops in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
DL Michalk ◽  
PA Witschi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Consequent Reduction

Between 1962 and 1964, 4 experiments were conducted at Leeton, New South Wales, Australia to examine the potential productivity of a range of irrigated winter forage crops in providing useful feed during the period of shortage in late autumn and early winter. In addition, the effects of sowing rate were examined for sowings using (a) prepared seedbeds or (b) sod-seeding into existing subterranean clover/Lolium rigidum cv. Wimmera pastures. DM yields at 74, 109, 144 or 173 days from sowing were compared with a subterranean clover/ryegrass control. Of the spp. evaluated the cereals were the most consistent both for initial production and subsequent regrowth. For the cruciferous spp. early cutting (100 days after sowing) proved detrimental to subsequent production, reducing the contribution of the sown spp. to 3% DM. Although the low proportion of the leguminous forages limited their potential production, they increased pasture quality relative to the clover/ryegrass control. DM production of wheat and rape increased with increasing sowing rate on (a) but for turnips there was a yield decline with increased sowing rate. Oats showed no response to sowing rate on (a), but increasing the sowing rate on (b) plots increased the proportion of oats in the pasture, although there was a consequent reduction in total yield. Increases in the contribution made by wheat to total yield as a result of increased sowing on (b) plots were small.

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