Growth and yield of indeterminate soybeans. 1. Effect of defoliation

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 889
Author(s):  
LW Banks ◽  
AL Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Over The Top

Indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) were subjected to defoliation treatments in the field over 3 years to determine their ability to recover from leaf damage from foliage feeding pests. Defoliation treatments were imposed in years 1 and 2 by clipping all leaflets in half mechanically (50%) or by removing all leaves leaving the petioles on the plant (1 00%) to simulate 2 severe levels of sudden defoliation. The variety Chaffey was defoliated early in vegetative growth (V2), at the beginning of flowering (Fl), at full flowering (F100) or at the end of flowering (EF100) as single treatments in years 1 and 2. In year 3, only the top 4 leaves of each plant were clipped in half to simulate levels of defoliation experienced in commercial crops. In that year the variety Farrer was treated at stages V3 (early vegetative), F1 or F100 as single treatments or at V3 + F1, F1 + F100 or weekly from V3 to EF100 as repeated treatments. Severe defoliation (100%) at EF100 hastened maturity (95% of pods dry) by 24 days (year 1) and 22 days (year 2), which reduced seed size by 34 and 41%, seed number by 38 and 32% and seed yield by 58 and 60%, respectively. Seed yield was also reduced by a single 100% defoliation at F1 due to reductions in seed number rather than to seed size. The repeated defoliations in year 3 reduced leaf area index, plant height, seed number and .seed yield. Weekly defoliations reduced yield by 20% by reducing seed size by 8% and seed number by 13%. We conclude that, prior to flowering, 50% defoliation is unlikely to reduce yield, but repeated damage will reduce yield significantly. Also, indeterminate soybeans can withstand an initial 50% loss over the top 4 leaves at F1, but repeated defoliations reduce seed yields.

Forecasting growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) with a dynamic simulation model ‘PNUTGRO’ under Punjab conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRABHJYOT KAUR ◽  
S. S. HUNDAL
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Central Plains ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Dynamic Simulation Model ◽  
Seed Yields

The dynamic simulation model ‘PNUTGRO’ was used to predict groundnut growth and yield from 1989 to 1993 at Ludhiana, India. The simulated flowering, pegging and physiological maturity dates, leaf area index (LAI), pod and seed yields and shelling percentage of groundnut were compared with actual observations for the commonly grown cultivar, M-335. The simulated phenologic events showed deviations of only −3 to +3 days for flowering, −3 to +2 days for pegging and −4 to +2 days for physiological maturity of the crop. The model estimated the LAI to be within 95–108% (mean 101·5%) and shelling percentage to be within 93–108% (mean 100·5%) of the actual values. The model predicted the pod yields from 89 to 111% (mean 100%) and seed yield from 90 to 110% (mean 100%) of the observed yields. The results obtained with the model for the five consecutive crop seasons revealed satisfactory predictions of phenology, growth and yield of groundnut and hence the model ‘PNUTGRO’ can be used for prediction of groundnut production in the central plains of the Indian Punjab.

Assessment of plant population on growth, fibre and seed yield of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Ibadan western Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
S.O. Olanipekun ◽  
A.O. Togun ◽  
S.A. Adejumo ◽  
O.N. Adeniyan ◽  
A.K. Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Bast Fibre ◽  
Statistical Analysis System ◽  
Fibre Yield ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Seed Yields

Kenaf is a multi-purpose crop with numerous industrial uses. Its production is constrained by poor cultural and agronomic practices which reduce yield. Inappropriate spacing among others could result in low yield. Effect of plant spacing on growth and yield of kenaf was investigated in Ibadan, Nigeria. Kenaf seed was sown (2 plants/stand) at three plant spacing: 50×15, 50×20, 50×25 cm was assessed for seed and bast fibre yields using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The analysis was done using statistical analysis system (SAS). Plant spacing differed significantly for bast fibre and seed yields. Highest bast fibre yield (0.9±0.03) and seed yield (0.5±0.01) were obtained at 50×20 cm and 50×25 cm spacing, respectively, while the lowest bast fibre yield (0.7±0.01) and seed yield (0.3±0.01) were obtained at 50×15 cm spacing. Spacing of 50 × 15 cm and 50 × 20 cm are appropriate when planting for fibre while 50 × 25cm is appropriate for seed production. Keywords: Kenaf, Spacing, Fibre and Seed yield.

scholarly journals Effect of flooding on growth and yield of mungbean genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
S Aktar ◽  
MA Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Soil Flooding ◽  
Standing Water

The field experiment was carried out with some selected mungbean genotypes viz. IPSA-13, VC-6173A, BU mug 2, BARI Mung-5 and IPSA-12 to observe the effect of 4-days flooding on their growth and yield of mungbean under field conditions at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh during September to November, 2011 maintaining 3-5 cm standing water at 24 days after emergence. Days to flowering and maturity delayed in flooded plants over control depending on the genotypes. Flooding significantly reduced Total Day Matters (TDM), number of pods per plant, seed size and seed yield of the mungbean genotypes over control. Considering higher seed yield, larger seed size and less yield reduction relative to control VC-6173A, BU mug 2 and IPSA-13 were found tolerant to soil flooding condition.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 151-162, March 2016

Yield response of narrow-leafed lupin plants to variations in pod number

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
C. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Subsequent Removal ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Specific Number ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The effect of pod number on the seed yield and components of seed yield was examined for narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) grown at a plant density of 36 plants/m2 in both the glasshouse and the field. Diflerent numbers of pods per plant in the glasshouse-grown lupin were generated by the application of N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to a specific number of flowers to ensure artificially that they set pods, and the subsequent removal of the remaining untreated flowers. Pod number ranged from 6 to 65 pods/plant in the glasshouse and was naturally distributed from 2 to 22 pods/plant in the field. Increases in seed yield per plant occurred as pod number per plant increased from 2 to 30 pods. No further increases in seed yield resulted when pod number per plant increased from 30 to 55 pods. Seed yield per plant was depressed as pod number increased from 55 to 65 pods. Seed size fell as pod number per plant increased over 20 pods and was less affected once the number of seeds per pod was reduced. The reduction in seed number per pod resulted from an increase in the number of seeds that aborted during seed filling. The data suggest that at a plant density of 36 plants/m2 there is potential for improving seed yield per plant by increasing the number of pods that reach maturity, provided it does not exceed 30 pods/plant. However, if consideration is given to producing large seeds, often preferred by buyers, the number of pods per plant should not exceed 20 pods.

The influence of shading on seed yield in subterranean clover

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Collins ◽  
RC Rossiter ◽  
MA Ramas
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Light Supply ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Agro Forestry

Swards of three strains of subterranean clover (Woogenellup, Clare and Seaton Park) were subjected to three shading treatments (30%, 55% and 100% of daylight) from the beginning of flowering onwards. For the 100% daylight (unshaded) treatment the incoming daily solar radiation averaged between 20 and 30 MJ/m2. In the unshaded treatment, seed yields for the three strains ranged from about 120 to almost 200 g/m2. These yields were invariably decreased by shading. Moreover the evidence indicated a curvilinear relationship between seed yield and light supply such that at 50% of daylight there was a reduction of rather more than 50% in seed yield. Shading mainly affected the number of inflorescences produced per unit area, although other components of seed yield were also affected adversely. Even late shading (towards the end of flowering) led to lower seed yield, partly associated with lower inflorescence numbers and partly with lower seed numbers per burr. The results are considered to have significance for clover regeneration in mixed clover/grass pastures and also in the cloveritree associations of agro-forestry.

scholarly journals Influence of Date of Sowing on Growth and Yield Performance of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Bulbul Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Khairul Hasan ◽  
Biswajit Karmakar ◽  
Md. Sahed Hasan ◽  
Fahamida Akter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Growth Characters

An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during October 2014 to March 2015 to study the growth and yield performance of field pea varieties as influenced by date of sowing. The experiment comprised of two factors namely, date of sowing and variety. Date of sowing comprised of 29 October, 13 November and 28 November and the variety comprised of BARI motor-1, BADC motor-1, Natore local and Narail local. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with three replications. The results indicate that all the growth characters were varied significantly at different days after. Those growth characters except leaf area index were highest for the crop sown on 28 November. The growth characters were highest in variety Natore local and lowest in Narail local except dry matter it was lowest in BADC motor-1. The interaction effect of 28 November sowing, Natore local was highest for all of the growth parameters except leaf area index it was highest on 13 November sowing and the interaction on 29 October sowing BARI motor-1 gave the lowest value. Most of the yield contributing parameters significantly affected by sowing date. The highest seed yield (827.7 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters were found on early sowing (13 November) and the lowest seed yield (534 kg ha-1) and other yield contributing characters was at 28 November sowing. Variety had significant effect on yield and yield contributing parameters. The highest seed yield (1032.2 kg ha-1) and Stover yield (3221.35 kg ha-1) was obtained from Natore local while Narail local gave lowest (469.1 kg ha-1) seed yield and lowest Stover yield. The interaction of 13 November with Natore local gave the highest seed yield (1319.3 kg ha-1) and lowest seed yield was produced by Narail local (330.35 kg ha-1) by late sowing (28 November). It can be concluded that, vegetative growth were highest at 28 November sowing and yield components gave highest value on 13 November sowing. Highest yield was produced by Natore local at 13 November sowing but yield was reduced drastically when the crop sown on 28 November. So, it is clear that the optimum date of sowing for field pea is at 13 November.

Influence of Seed Inoculation with Commercial Bacterial Inoculants (Bradyrhizobium Japonicum) on Growth and Yield of Soybean

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Jarecki ◽  
D Bobrecka Jamro
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Seed Inoculation

A field experiment was carried out with three bacterial inoculants: HiStick® Soy, Nitragina, Nitrazon and the control. Number and dry weight of nodules were significantly higher with inoculation of bacterial inoculants compared to the control. In 2017, the most pods per plant were obtained after the use of Nitrazon or HiStick® Soy, while in 2018, after the use of HiStick® Soy or Nitragina. In 2018, the highest 1000 seed weight was obtained after the use of Nitragina. In 2017, the seed yield was the most favourably affected by the inoculants HiStick®Soy (3.31 t ha-1) and Nitrazon (3.37 t ha-1) and in 2018, by HiStick® Soy (3.92 t ha-1) and Nitragina (3.87 t ha-1). High Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) readings, were observed with HiStick® Soy.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Partitioning and Yield Variation in Sesame Genotypes

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
M Akter ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
MR Islam ◽  
JU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Sesame Genotypes ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

An experiment was conducted at the research field of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur-1706 from March to June 2014 to evaluate growth and yield performance of sesame genotypes. Five sesame genotypes i.e. DB-6992, BD-6995, BD-7001, BD-7011 and Hathazari-4 were used in the study. The genotypes significantly differed in photosynthetic rate, dry matter partitioning and seed yield. The earliest genotype was Hathazari-4 and the latest was BD-7011. The highest stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, capsule dry weight, leaf area index, light interception, photosynthetic rate were recorded in genotype Hathazari-4. The number of capsules plant-1 and the number of seeds capsule-1 were also highest in the genotype Hathazari-4, while the lowest was being noticed in the genotype BD- 7001. Weight of 1000-seed was the maximum in genotype BD-6992 and the minimum in the genotype BD- 7011. The highest seed yield (3.52 tha-1) was recorded in the genotype Hathazari-4 and the lowest in the genotypes BD-6992 followed by BD-7001. The highest oil content (41.39%) was recorded in the genotype BD-6992 and the lowest (39.72%) in the genotype Hathazari-4 but the highest oil yield (1.53 t ha-1) was recorded in the genotype Hathazari-4. It may be concluded that the sesame genotype Hathazari-4 may be cultivated for higher seed yield and oil production.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016, 19(1): 19-28

Growth and yield of indeterminate soybeans. 2. Effect of removal of the mainstem apex

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
LW Banks ◽  
AL Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Delayed Flowering

The mainstem apex was removed from indeterminate soybeans (Glycine max, varieties Chaffey and Farrer) in the field over 3 years to estimate their ability to recover from damage to terminal buds by foliage feeding and stem boring pests. In years 1 and 2, the growing tip was plucked off the main stem of 50 or 100% of plants (variety Chaffey) early in vegetative growth (V2), at the beginning of flowering (Fl), at full flowering (F100) or at the end of flowering (EF100) as single treatments. In year 3, tips were removed from 20, 33 or 50% ofplants (variety Farrer) at V3, F1 or F100 as single treatments or as repeated treatments starting at those times and repeated twice at weekly intervals thereafter. Tip removal at V2 or V3 delayed flowering (F50) and pod set (R3) by up to 10 days but did not delay maturity (P95), whereas tip removal at EF100 hastened P95 by 5-8 days. Damage during flowering did not affect phenological development. Indeterminate soybeans have the ability to compensate vegetatively for damage to the mainstem apex. Tip removal at V2, F1 or F100 significantly reduced the number of nodes on the main stem, increased branching and did not reduce the total number of nodes per plant at maturity. Tip removal at V2 increased the number of nodes per plant by increasing the number of nodes per branch. Repeated tip removal prior to flowering and single or repeated treatments during flowering reduced final plant height. Tip removal from all plants reduced yield by around 10% irrespective of the time of damage. Fifty per cent damage prior to flowering or after full flowering did not affect yield but, at the beginning of flowering, removal of tips from as few as 20% of plants reduced yield by at least 10%. The most severe yield reduction was 24% following repeated tip removal from 50% of plants starting at V3. Repeated damage to 50% of plants starting at F1 reduced yield by 18%. Seed size was not affected by any treatment. We conclude that pests in indeterminate soybean crops should be controlled if they have removed the growing tip from the main stem of 50% of plants before flowering or 20% of plants at the start of flowering and are continuing to cause damage.

The effect of defoliation on inflorescence production, seed yield and hard-seededness in swards of subterranean clover

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
WJ Collins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Seed Yields

Swards of three strains of subterranean clover (Seaton Park, Yarloop, Midland B) were subjected to a range of defoliation treatments. In all strains, cutting at weekly intervals at a height of 1.5–2 cm from 1 month after sowing until the onset of flowering led to a slight delay in flower initiation but the time of flowering was little affected. The rate of inflorescence production, however, was always increased, as was the total number of inflorescences produced by the end of flowering. In particular, seed yields were increased by at least 30% compared with uncut controls. This effect was attributable partly to increased inflorescence numbers and partly to increases in other yield components as a consequence of the burial of a large proportion of burrs. Cutting increased the initial level of hard-seededness in Seaton Park and Yarloop; in addition the rate of breakdown of hard-seededness in all strains was slower in seed from the defoliated swards. When cutting was continued until midway through flowering (with the cutting height progressively raised) the seed yield in Yarloop and especially in Midland B was much lower than that obtained when cutting was stopped at the beginning of flowering; but in Seaton Park there was no reduction. With further cutting-until the end of flowering-seed yields were less than when cutting was stopped midway through flowering. Extending cutting into the flowering period (compared with cutting only until the onset of flowering) resulted in a decline in the initial level of hard-seededness and an increase in the rate of breakdown of hard-seededness in Midland B but had little effect in Yarloop or Seaton Park.

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