Survey of use and management of Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku in eastern Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Harris ◽  
MJ Blumenthal ◽  
JM Scott
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
High Level

A telephone survey of district agronomists and a postal survey of farmers known to have had experience with Lotus pedunculatus cv. Grasslands Maku were conducted in eastern Australia in 1990 with the objectives of determining the present use of Maku in eastern Australia, and documenting management practices and problems of Maku pastures. The data from the survey were used as an aid in identifying research needs relating to Maku, the results of which may overcome problems associated with Maku's wider adoption and use. Fourteen district agronomists were interviewed, and of the 100 questionnaires sent to farmers, 70 valid returns were received. The area sown to Maku along the coastal regions of eastern Australia increased from 100 ha in 1984 to 5500 ha in 1990. The main use of Maku was in beef enterprises; there was a lesser, but still substantial, use in the dairy sector. Maku was sown over a wide range of soil conditions. In the dairy sector it was most commonly reported to be sown on poorly drained, waterlogged soils (57% of respondents), followed by infertile and acidic soils. In beef systems it was sown into a combination of low pH and infertile soils (42%). The district agronomists were unsure of the feed value of Maku. However, there was a high level of satisfaction among the farmers, with 87% of beef farmers and 75% of dairy farmers reporting its feed value to be equal to, or better than, white clover. All beef farmers intended to establish larger areas over their properties, whereas 21% of dairy farmers surveyed did not intend to expand their sowing of Maku pastures. From the results of both surveys a number of areas requiring research have been identified. These include aspects of establishment, dry matter production, quality, persistence, and seed production.

Mapping change in key soil properties due to climate change over south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Gray ◽  
Thomas F. A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Climate change will lead to altered soil conditions that will impact on plant growth in both agricultural and native ecosystems. Additionally, changes in soil carbon storage will influence carbon accounting schemes that may play a role in climate change mitigation programs. We applied a digital soil mapping approach to examine and map (at 100-m resolution) potential changes in three important soil properties – soil organic carbon (SOC), pH and sum-of-bases (common macro-nutrients) – resulting from projected climate change over south-eastern Australia until ~2070. Four global climate models were downscaled with three regional models to give 12 climate models, which were used to derive changes for the three properties across the province, at 0–30 and 30–100 cm depth intervals. The SOC stocks were projected to decline over the province, while pH and sum-of-bases were projected to increase; however, the extent of change varied throughout the province and with different climate models. The average changes primarily reflected the complex interplay of changing temperatures and rainfall throughout the province. The changes were also influenced by the operating environmental conditions, with a uniform pattern of change particularly demonstrated for SOC over 36 combinations of current climate, parent material and land use. For example, the mean decline of SOC predicted for the upper depth interval was 15.6 Mg ha–1 for wet–mafic–native vegetation regimes but only 3.1 Mg ha–1 for dry–highly siliceous–cropping regimes. The predicted changes reflected only those attributable to the projected climate change and did not consider the influence of ongoing and changing land management practices.

Survey of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in lettuce production in relation to management and soil factors

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. MILLER ◽  
L. E. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Spore Number ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Vam Colonization

The occurrence of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) root colonization and spore number in soil was assessed for 18 fields under intensive lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) production in California during July and August of 1995. Data on management practices and soil characteristics were compiled for each field, and included a wide range of conditions. The relationship between these factors and the occurrence of VAM in these fields was explored with multivariate statistical analysis. VAM colonization of lettuce tended to decrease with the use of chemical inputs, such as pesticides and high amounts of P and N fertilizers. Addition of soil organic matter amendments, the occurrence of other host crops in the rotation, and soil carbon[ratio ]phosphorus and carbon[ratio ]nitrogen ratios, were positively associated with VAM colonization of lettuce roots. The number of VAM spores in soil was strongly correlated with the number of other host crops in the rotation, the occurrence of weed hosts and sampling date, but was more affected by general soil conditions than by management inputs. Higher total soil N, C and P, as well as CEC, were inversely related to soil spore number. A glasshouse study of the two primary lettuce types sampled in the field showed no significant differences in the extent of root colonization under similar growing conditions. The results of this study are compared with other studies on the effects of management and soil conditions on mycorrhizal occurrence in agriculture.

scholarly journals Adoption Level of Good Dairy Management Practices among Dairy Farmers in Central Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Jagdeep Gupta ◽  
S. Subash ◽  
M. C. A. Devi ◽  
Kalyan Mandi
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Central Plain ◽  
Dairy Management ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
Adoption Level ◽  
And Training

Good dairy management practices are a widely important tool for facilitating and promoting farmers' production and marketing of healthy, high quality milk and milk products to meet food and consumer expectations. In this context, the present research study was designed to make an attempt to find out the extent of adoption of animal welfare practices by the dairy farmers at field level. The study was conducted in the Central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh State. Four districts (Hardoi, Auraiya, Allahabad and Kaushambi) were selected purposively. One block from each district and from each block two villages and from each village 15 farmer-respondents were selected randomly. A total of 120 respondents were finally approached for the primary data collection. The salient findings with regard to adoption of good dairy management practices revealed that, more than half of the respondents (55.83%) belonged to medium level of adoption category, followed by 27.56 and 16.67% in low and high level of adoption category, respectively. The study further suggests sensitizing and training the extension personnel’s /veterinarians about the good dairy management practices and strengthening the dairy extension services among dairy farmers in the study area.

Corrigendum to: Mapping change in key soil properties due to climate change over south-eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Gray ◽  
Thomas F. A. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Climate change will lead to altered soil conditions that will impact on plant growth in both agricultural and native ecosystems. Additionally, changes in soil carbon storage will influence carbon accounting schemes that may play a role in climate change mitigation programs. We applied a digital soil mapping approach to examine and map (at 100-m resolution) potential changes in three important soil properties – soil organic carbon (SOC), pH and sum-of-bases (common macro-nutrients) – resulting from projected climate change over south-eastern Australia until ~2070. Four global climate models were downscaled with three regional models to give 12 climate models, which were used to derive changes for the three properties across the province, at 0–30 and 30–100 cm depth intervals. The SOC stocks were projected to decline over the province, while pH and sum-of-bases were projected to increase; however, the extent of change varied throughout the province and with different climate models. The average changes primarily reflected the complex interplay of changing temperatures and rainfall throughout the province. The changes were also influenced by the operating environmental conditions, with a uniform pattern of change particularly demonstrated for SOC over 36 combinations of current climate, parent material and land use. For example, the mean decline of SOC predicted for the upper depth interval was 15.6 Mg ha–1 for wet–mafic–native vegetation regimes but only 3.1 Mg ha–1 for dry–highly siliceous–cropping regimes. The predicted changes reflected only those attributable to the projected climate change and did not consider the influence of ongoing and changing land management practices.

scholarly journals Records Management Practices in Research Institutes in South-West, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p37
Author(s):  
Ayanda, O. T. ◽  
Oloniruha, E. A. ◽  
Ogungbade, A. A. (Miss)
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Decentralized System ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
South West ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Level

This study investigated records management practices in some selected research institutes in Nigeria within the framework of records life-cycle concepts. The primary aim is to explore how research records are managed and find out whether records management as a valuable resource of research institutes receives the desired attention as regards quality practice, level of implementation among others. Using survey research and stratified random sampling techniques, records management practice questionnaire was designed and used to collect data from two hundred and twenty-three respondents that were randomly selected from six out of the fourteen research institute in South-West, Nigeria. The result showed that, research institutes created and managed all types of records predominantly in paper form (68.4%), while the decentralized system of filing was generally practiced in all the research institutes (98%). Although various filing methods, Simple lists were found to be the main tool used for both records control and retrieval. A high level of records insecurity was found (68%), while records generated were managed manually through filing of hard copies in folders and kept in wooden cabinets, metal cabinet and filing shelves. The management of research records were at great variance with the stipulations of the records life-cycle concept and that research records is yet to attain minimal level or records management implementation. This study recommends that records management practice should be adequately funded; recruiting qualified records managers, and embracing the wide range of opportunities offered by ICT for the management of research records.

Survey of weed flora and management relative to cropping practices in the north-eastern grain region of Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Osten ◽  
S. R. Walker ◽  
A. Storrie ◽  
M. Widderick ◽  
P. Moylan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Rapistrum Rugosum

The main weeds and weed management practices undertaken in broad acre dryland cropping areas of north-eastern Australia have been identified. The information was collected in a comprehensive postal survey of both growers and agronomists from Dubbo in New South Wales (NSW) through to Clermont in central Queensland, where 237 surveys were returned. A very diverse weed flora of 105 weeds from 91 genera was identified for the three cropping zones within the region (central Queensland, southern Queensland and northern NSW). Twenty-three weeds were common to all cropping zones. The major common weeds were Sonchus oleraceus, Rapistrum rugosum, Echinochloa spp. and Urochloa panicoides. The main weeds were identified for both summer and winter fallows, and sorghum, wheat and chickpea crops for each of the zones, with some commonality as well as floral uniqueness recorded. More genera were recorded in the fallows than in crops, and those in summer fallows exceeded the number in winter. Across the region, weed management relied heavily on herbicides. In fallows, glyphosate and mixes with glyphosate were very common, although the importance of the glyphosate mix partner differed among the cropping zones. Use and importance of pre-emergence herbicides in-crop varied considerably among the zones. In wheat, more graminicides were used in northern NSW than in southern Queensland, and virtually none were used in central Queensland, reflecting the differences in winter grass weed flora across the region. Atrazine was the major herbicide used in sorghum, although metolachlor was also used predominantly in northern NSW. Fallow and inter-row cultivation were used more often in the southern areas of the region. Grazing of fallows was more prominent in northern NSW. High crop seeding rates were not commonly recorded indicating that growers are not using crop competition as a tool for weed management. Although many management practices were recorded overall, few growers were using integrated weed management, and herbicide resistance has been and continues to be an issue for the region.

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emissions from grain production systems across a wide range of environmental conditions in eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrike Mielenz ◽  
Peter J. Thorburn ◽  
Robert H. Harris ◽  
Sally J. Officer ◽  
Guangdi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Emissions Intensity

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from Australian grain cropping systems are highly variable due to the large variations in soil and climate conditions and management practices under which crops are grown. Agricultural soils contribute 55% of national N2O emissions, and therefore mitigation of these emissions is important. In the present study, we explored N2O emissions, yield and emissions intensity in a range of management practices in grain crops across eastern Australia with the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM). The model was initially evaluated against experiments conducted at six field sites across major grain-growing regions in eastern Australia. Measured yields for all crops used in the experiments (wheat, barley, sorghum, maize, cotton, canola and chickpea) and seasonal N2O emissions were satisfactorily predicted with R2=0.93 and R2=0.91 respectively. As expected, N2O emissions and emissions intensity increased with increasing nitrogen (N) fertiliser input, whereas crop yields increased until a yield plateau was reached at a site- and crop-specific N rate. The mitigation potential of splitting N fertiliser application depended on the climate conditions and was found to be relevant only in the southern grain-growing region, where most rainfall occurs during the cropping season. Growing grain legumes in rotation with cereal crops has great potential to reduce mineral N fertiliser requirements and so N2O emissions. In general, N management strategies that maximise yields and increase N use efficiency showed the greatest promise for N2O mitigation.

Impression management and legitimacy strategies: The BP case

2013 ◽  
pp. 35-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Michelon
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Legitimacy Theory ◽  
British Petroleum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Disclosure Tone ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
A Company ◽  
Texas City

The aim of this paper is to study if and how impression management varies during different phases of the legitimation process, in particular during the legitimacy building and legitimacy repairing phases (Suchman, 1995). We aim at understanding whether and how the disclosure tone adopted by a company in the two different moments is diverse and thus functional to the intrinsic objective of the each phase. The empirical analysis focuses on the case of British Petroleum Plc. We investigated the impression management practices undertaken by the company both during the preparation of the rebranding operation, i.e. a situation in which the company is trying to build legitimacy; and during the happenings of two legitimacy crises, like the explosion of the refinery in Texas City and the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The evidence appears in line with the theoretical prediction of legitimacy theory. Results show that while the company tends to privilege image enhancement techniques during the legitimacy-building phase, it uses more obfuscation techniques when managing a legitimacy-repairing process. Moreover, the analysis suggests that the company makes more extensive use of impression management techniques in the disclosures addressed to shareholders, investors and other market operators than in the disclosures addressed to the wide range of other stakeholders.

The way of value of Correlation of genomic DNA microsatellite loci and live weight of Chukchi reindeer

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
V. Dodokhov ◽  
N. Pavlova ◽  
T. Rumyantseva ◽  
L. Kalashnikova
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
High Germination ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level ◽  
Dna Microsatellite

The article presents the genetic characteristic of the Chukchi reindeer breed. The object of the study was of the Chukchi reindeer. In recent years, the number of reindeer of the Chukchi breed has declined sharply. Reduced reindeer numbers could lead to biodiversity loss. The Chukchi breed of deer has good meat qualities, has high germination viability and is adapted in adverse tundra conditions of Yakutia. Herding of the Chukchi breed of deer in Yakutia are engaged only in the Nizhnekolymsky district. There are four generic communities and the largest of which is the agricultural production cooperative of nomadic tribal community «Turvaurgin», which was chosen to assess the genetic processes of breed using microsatellite markers: Rt6, BMS1788, Rt 30, Rt1, Rt9, FCB193, Rt7, BMS745, C 143, Rt24, OheQ, C217, C32, NVHRT16, T40, C276. It was found that microsatellite markers have a wide range of alleles and generally have a high informative value for identifying of genetic differences between animals and groups of animal. The number of identified alleles is one of the indicators of the genetic diversity of the population. The total number of detected alleles was 127. The Chukchi breed of deer is characterized by a high level of heterozygosity, and the random crossing system prevails over inbreeding in the population. On average, there were 7.9 alleles (Na) per locus, and the mean number of effective alleles (Ne) was 4.1. The index of fixation averaged 0.001. The polymorphism index (PIC) ranged from 0.217 to 0.946, with an average of 0.695.

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