Survey of weed flora and management relative to cropping practices in the north-eastern grain region of Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Osten ◽  
S. R. Walker ◽  
A. Storrie ◽  
M. Widderick ◽  
P. Moylan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Rapistrum Rugosum

The main weeds and weed management practices undertaken in broad acre dryland cropping areas of north-eastern Australia have been identified. The information was collected in a comprehensive postal survey of both growers and agronomists from Dubbo in New South Wales (NSW) through to Clermont in central Queensland, where 237 surveys were returned. A very diverse weed flora of 105 weeds from 91 genera was identified for the three cropping zones within the region (central Queensland, southern Queensland and northern NSW). Twenty-three weeds were common to all cropping zones. The major common weeds were Sonchus oleraceus, Rapistrum rugosum, Echinochloa spp. and Urochloa panicoides. The main weeds were identified for both summer and winter fallows, and sorghum, wheat and chickpea crops for each of the zones, with some commonality as well as floral uniqueness recorded. More genera were recorded in the fallows than in crops, and those in summer fallows exceeded the number in winter. Across the region, weed management relied heavily on herbicides. In fallows, glyphosate and mixes with glyphosate were very common, although the importance of the glyphosate mix partner differed among the cropping zones. Use and importance of pre-emergence herbicides in-crop varied considerably among the zones. In wheat, more graminicides were used in northern NSW than in southern Queensland, and virtually none were used in central Queensland, reflecting the differences in winter grass weed flora across the region. Atrazine was the major herbicide used in sorghum, although metolachlor was also used predominantly in northern NSW. Fallow and inter-row cultivation were used more often in the southern areas of the region. Grazing of fallows was more prominent in northern NSW. High crop seeding rates were not commonly recorded indicating that growers are not using crop competition as a tool for weed management. Although many management practices were recorded overall, few growers were using integrated weed management, and herbicide resistance has been and continues to be an issue for the region.

Marine red algae of the Coffs Harbour region, northern New South Wales

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJK Millar
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
New South ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern

The marine benthic red algae of the Coffs Harbour region are described and illustrated in detail. The survey constitutes the first ever detailed descriptive and illustrative mainland regional monograph of any area along the entire eastern Australian seaboard. Collections made intertidally and to depths of 20 m have included 119 species in 74 genera, 26 families, and 8 orders of Rhodophyta, of which 54 (45%) were previously unrecorded from eastern Australia, 22 (18%) are new records for the whole of Australia (16 being new Southern Hemisphere records), 1 (Dictyothumnion) constitutes a new genus, and 16 (13%) are new species in the genera Gracilaria, Curdiea, Botryocladia, Dictyothamnion, Antithamnion, Ceramium, Callithumnion, Anotrichium, Nitophyllum, Phycodrys, Apoglossum, Dasya, Fernandosiphonia, and Herposiphonia. Also included are major Australian revisions of the genera Martensia and Nitophyllum, and six new combinations are proposed (Chondria infestans, Curdiea angustata, Dasya pilosa, Haraldiophyllum sinuosum, Myriogramme pulchellum, and Stenograrnme phyllophoroides). The Coffs Harbour flora, although related to the north-eastern and, to a lesser degree, southern Australian floras, has a number of species previously known only from much more remote localities, such as Japan (6 species), California (4 species), New Zealand (3 species), India (2 species), South America (2 species), the Galapagos Islands (1 species), China (1 species), South Africa (1 species), and the Mediterranean (1 species). Twelve of the 22 species newly recorded for Australia show a definite western Pacific distribution, a region with which the overall Coffs Harbour flora has strong affinities.

The occurrence and control of yellow spot of wheat in north-eastern Australia

1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (98) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Rees ◽  
GJ Platz
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern

Explanations were sought for the increased severity of yellow spot of wheat (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis) in the north-eastern wheat growing areas of Australia. A close association between the severity of yellow spot and stubble management practices was found in a field experiment. There was less disease in plots where stubble had been burned (0.83 lesions per leaf) or burned and cultivated (0.62) than in plots which were mechanically cultivated (2.43) or untreated (11.75). In another study severe yellow spot developed as early as in the second wheat crop in a rotation. Differences in susceptibility to the disease were found among 11 wheat cultivars and lines. Vigorous development of the pathogen occurred on cereal rye and triticale while the fungus was isolated from small lesions on barley and four common grasses. Avoidance of planting wheat into infected wheat stubble, either by crop rotation or removal of surface stubble by incorporation or burning, should provide effective control of the disease in most situations.

Conyza bonariensis (flax-leaf fleabane) resistant to both glyphosate and ALS inhibiting herbicides innorth-eastern Victoria

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Charlotte Aves ◽  
John Broster ◽  
Leslie Weston ◽  
Gurjeet S. Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Multiple Production ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. (syn. of Erigeron bonariensis L.) is a difficult-to-control summer weed species in the cropping belt of south-eastern Australia. Herbicide resistance may be affecting the ability to control C. bonariensis in the agricultural region of north-eastern Victoria; therefore, a survey was conducted to evaluate resistance to herbicides from several mode-of-action groups. Of the populations collected, 40% were resistant to glyphosate at 1080 g ha–1. Chlorsulfuron failed to control any of the populations collected. Further research identified multiple herbicide resistance to glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl and sulfometuron-methyl in five of nine populations fully characterised. Resistance was not found to 2,4-D, clopyralid or paraquat. There was no correlation between prevailing land use and the frequency of glyphosate-resistant populations, suggesting that resistance had been selected in multiple production systems. The high frequency of resistance could explain the difficulty experienced in controlling C. bonariensis across north-eastern Victoria and demonstrates the importance of integrated weed management to manage this weed.

scholarly journals Economic analysis of integrated weed management in field bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Štefanić ◽  
ŠtefanićI ◽  
A.J. Murdoch
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Field Bean ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
The North ◽  
Late Emergence ◽  
Residual Herbicide

Field experiments were conducted in field bean in the north-eastern part of theRepublicofCroatiato compare weed control and crop response under different management practices within the critical period of field bean production. The practices consisted in broadcast application of labelled rate of preemergence herbicide (pre) and postemergence herbicide application: (post) broadcast, band application over the rows, and band application combined with mechanical cultivation using of different herbicide doses recommended by the manufacturer (2×, 1×, 1/2×, 1/4×, 1/8×). In 1999, weed control with pre application of pendimethalin was superior to post bentazone application due to late emergence of weeds and lack of residual herbicide control. In 2000 bentazone combined with cycloxydim controlled weeds in field bean better than pre herbicide application. Based on the results of this research, single pre or post application of herbicide did not control a broad spectrum of weeds and did not provide the commercially acceptable full season control. Reduced rates of herbicide are not advisable under high weed pressure.

scholarly journals Integrated weed management practices and sustainable food production among farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Oyamedan Imoloame ◽  
Ibrahim Folorunsho Ayanda ◽  
Olayinka Jelili Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Abstract A survey was conducted in the Kwara State of Nigeria to study the integrated weed management (IWM) practices by farmers. This was in view of the poor weed management practices adopted by farmers, which is a major factor responsible for low yields of many arable crops in Kwara State. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 480 respondents, and a structured interview schedule was used to elicit information from them. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factor analysis was also carried out to examine the perception of farmers’ benefits of IWM. Results showed that the majority of farmers (29.4%) were youths, married (89.1%), and involved in medium-scale farming (47.2%). Furthermore, 50.8% of the farmers had primary or secondary education. Although farmers use different weed control methods, more than half of them (54.7%) use herbicides. Most farmers (92.6%) are engaged in the use of IWM, However, 73.5% of them use a combination of herbicides and hoe weeding. Although not properly practiced, farmers perceived IWM as having socio-environmental (29.229%) and techno-efficacious (23.495%) benefits over either hoe weeding or herbicides used alone. The findings suggest a need to train farmers on all aspects of IWM to achieve self-sufficiency in food production in Kwara State.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice (Oryza sativa L.) to glyphosate and glufosinate

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1557-1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Vestena Cassol ◽  
Luis Antonio de Avila ◽  
Carla Rejane Zemolin ◽  
Andrey Piveta ◽  
Dirceu Agostinetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Logistic Analysis ◽  
Imidazolinone Herbicides

<p>Dose-response experiments were carried out to evaluate the sensitivity of imidazolinone-resistant red rice to nonselective herbicides currently used in rice-soybean rotation in Rio Grande do Sul. Two red rice biotypes previously identified as resistant and susceptible to the imidazolinone herbicides were treated with imazapic plus imazapic, glyphosate and glufosinate under nine herbicide rates. A non-linear log-logistic analysis was used to estimate the herbicide rate that provided 50% red rice control and dry weight reduction (GR<sub>50</sub>). Imidazolinone-resistant red rice exhibited greater GR<sub>50</sub> values than imidazolinone-susceptible biotype for imazapyr plus imazapic. In contrast, both imidazolinone-resistant and susceptible red rice showed similar GR<sub>50</sub>values for glyphosate and glufosinate. These results indicate that glyphosate and glufosinate effectively control imidazolinone-resistant red rice at similar herbicide rates used to control imidazolinone-susceptible; however, integrated weed management practices must be adopted in rice-soybean rotation to delay resistance evolution of red rice populations to glyphosate and glufosinate</p>

Evaluation of integrated weed management practices for chilies in Pakistan

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1135-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mahmood Khokhar ◽  
Tariq Mehmood ◽  
Muhammad Shakeel
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management

scholarly journals Nodulation and yield of greengram (Vigna radiata L.) influenced by integrated weed management practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special-4) ◽  
pp. 1130-1134
Author(s):  
T. MUTHURAM ◽  
R. KRISHNAN ◽  
S. GANESH ◽  
G. S. KANNAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management

Corrigendum to: Soil indicators and their use by farmers in the Billabong Catchment, southern New South Wales

Soil Research ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
B. Kelly ◽  
C. Allan ◽  
B. P. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Health Need ◽  
Soil Indicators

'Soil health' programs and projects in Australia's agricultural districts are designed to influence farmers' management behaviours, usually to produce better outcomes for production, conservation, and sustainability. These programs usually examine soil management practices from a soil science perspective, but how soils are understood by farmers, and how that understanding informs their farm management decisions, is poorly documented. The research presented in this paper sought to better understand how dryland farmers in the Billabong catchment of southern New South Wales use soil indicators to inform their management decisions. Thematic content analysis of transcripts of semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with farmers suggest several themes that have implications for soil scientists and other professionals wishing to promote soil health in the dryland farming regions of south-eastern Australia. In particular, all soil indicators, including those related to soil 'health', need to relate to some clear, practical use to farmers if they are to be used in farm decision making. This research highlights a reliance of the participants of this research on agronomists. Reliance on agronomists for soil management decisions may result in increasing loss of connectivity between farmers and their land. If this reflects a wider trend, soil health projects may need to consider where best to direct their capacity-building activities, and/or how to re-empower individual farmers.

Herbicide Timing and Rate Effects on Weed Management in Three Herbicide-Resistant Canola Systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
George W. Clayton ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
F. Craig Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Herbicide Timing ◽  
Weed Removal

Herbicide-resistant canola dominates the canola market in Canada. A multiyear field experiment was conducted at three locations to investigate the effect of time of weed removal (two-, four-, or six-leaf canola) and herbicide rate (50 or 100% recommended) in three herbicide-resistant canola systems. Weeds were controlled in glufosinate-resistant canola (GLU) with glufosinate, in glyphosate-resistant canola (GLY) with glyphosate, and in imidazolinone-resistant canola (IMI) with a 50:50 mixture of imazamox and imazethapyr. Canola yields were similar among the three canola cultivar–herbicide systems. Yields were not influenced by 50 vs. 100% herbicide rates. Timing of weed removal had the greatest effect on canola yield, with weed removal at the four-leaf stage giving the highest yields in most cases. Percent dockage was often greater for GLU and IMI than for GLY. In comparison with the other treatments, dockage levels doubled for GLU after application at 50% herbicide rates. The consistency of monocot weed control was usually greater for GLY than for GLU or IMI systems. However, weed biomass data revealed no differences in dicot weed control consistency between IMI and GLY systems. Greater dockage and weed biomass variability after weed removal at the six-leaf stage or after low herbicide rates suggests higher weed seed production, which could constrain the adoption of integrated weed management practices in subsequent years.

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