Occurrence and Speciation of Arsenic in Common Australian Coastal Polychaete Species

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Waring ◽  
William Maher ◽  
Simon Foster ◽  
Frank Krikowa
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Feeding Guild ◽  
Polychaete Species ◽  
Deposit Feeders

Environmental Context. In well-oxygenated water and sediments, nearly all arsenic is present as arsenate (AsO43−). As arsenate is a phosphate (PO43−) analogue, organisms living in arsenate-rich environments must acquire the nutrient phosphorus yet avoid arsenic toxicity. Organisms take in and transform arsenic compounds by many means. Three major modes of arsenic biotransformation have been found to occur in the environment—redox transformation between arsenate and arsenite (AsO2−), the reduction and methylation of arsenic, and the biosynthesis of organoarsenic compounds such as arsenobetaine. These biotransformations lead to biogeochemical cycling of arsenic compounds and bioconcentration of arsenic in aquatic organisms and thence into the food web. Abstract. The paper reports the whole-tissue total arsenic concentrations and water-soluble arsenic species in eight common coastal Australian polychaete species. Laboratory experiments showed the period of depuration did not significantly alter the whole-tissue total arsenic concentrations in the two estuarine polychaete species tested. Significant differences were found between the whole-tissue total arsenic concentrations of the eight polychaete species (mean arsenic concentrations ranged from 18 to 101 µg g−1 dry mass). Total arsenic concentrations in polychaete species, grouped on the basis of a combination of their feeding guild and habitat type, were also significantly different with a significant interaction between these factors indicating that both factors simultaneously influence arsenic concentration in polychaetes. A large number of polychaete species contained similar arsenic species with high proportions of arsenobetaine (AB; 57–88%) and relatively low proportions of As3+, As5+, methyarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, arsenocholine, trimethylarsoniopropionate, and tetramethylarsonium ion (not detected to 12%). All polychaete species contained arsenoribosides (5–30%). This study identified two Australian polychaete species with particularly unusual whole-tissue water-soluble arsenic species proportions: Australonuphis parateres contained a very high proportion of trimethylarsoniopropionate (~33%), while Notomastus estuarius had a very low proportion of arsenobetaine (9%) and high proportions of As3+ (~30%), As5+ (~8%), arsenoribosides (30%), and an unknown anionic arsenic species (~4%). Most polychaetes accumulate arsenobetaine, except deposit feeders inhabiting estuarine mud habitats. Thus most polychaetes, which are prey for higher organisms, are a source of arsenobetaine in benthic food webs. Deposit feeders inhabiting estuarine muddy substrates contain appreciable quantities of inorganic arsenic and arsenoribosides that may be metabolized to different end products in higher organisms.

scholarly journals Groundwater Irrigation and Arsenic Speciation in Rice in Cambodia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Murphy ◽  
Kongkea Phan ◽  
Emmanuel Yumvihoze ◽  
Kim Irvine ◽  
Ken Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Groundwater Irrigation ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Rice Consumption

Background. Arsenic bioaccumulation in rice is a global concern affecting food security and public health. Objective. The present study examined arsenic species in rice in Cambodia to characterize health risks with rice consumption and to clarify uncertainties with Codex guidelines. Methods. The present study collected 61 well water samples, 105 rice samples, 70 soil samples, and conducted interviews with 44 families in Preak Russey near the Bassac River and Kandal Province along the Mekong River in Cambodia. Analyses of metals, total arsenic and arsenic species were conducted in laboratories in Canada, Cambodia and Singapore. Results. Unlike in Bangladesh, rice with the highest total arsenic concentrations in Cambodia contains mostly organic arsenic, dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), which is unregulated and much less toxic than inorganic arsenic. The present study found that storing surface runoff in ditches prior to irrigation can significantly reduce the arsenic concentration in rice. It is possible to remove > 95% of arsenic from groundwater prior to irrigation with natural reactions. Conclusions. The provision of high quality drinking water in 2015 to Preak Russey removed about 95% of the dietary inorganic arsenic exposure. The extremes in arsenic toxicity that are still obvious in these farmers should become less common. Rice from the site with the highest documented levels of arsenic in soils and water in Cambodia passes current Codex guidelines for arsenic. Informed Consent. Obtained Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Total arsenic and water-soluble arsenic species in foods of the first German total diet study (BfR MEAL Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 128913
Author(s):  
Christin Hackethal ◽  
Johannes F. Kopp ◽  
Irmela Sarvan ◽  
Tanja Schwerdtle ◽  
Oliver Lindtner
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Total Diet Study ◽  
Total Diet ◽  
Diet Study ◽  
Meal Study

Methylation of Arsenic by Freshwater Green Algae

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1254-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Baker ◽  
P. T. S. Wong ◽  
Y. K. Chau ◽  
C. I. Mayfield ◽  
W. E. Inniss
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid

Isolates from four genera of freshwater green algae were capable of methylating sodium arsenite in lake water and Bold's basal medium. Analysis of the liquid phase of the methylation flasks revealed the presence of methylarsonic acid, dimethylarsinic acid, and trimethylarsine oxide. Volatile arsine and methylarsines were not detected in the headspace gases presumably because of the inability of the algae to reduce completely the methylated–arsenic species. Although the algae varied with respect to their methylating abilities, the levels of methylated–arsenic compounds were always significantly higher when the algae were grown in lake water. This may have been due to the lower phosphate concentration in the lake water. We suggest that arsenic methylation by green algae constitutes an additional source for the formation and cycling of organo-arsenic compounds in freshwater ecosystems.

scholarly journals The contents of risk elements, arsenic speciation, and possible interactions of elements and betalains in beetroot (Beta vulgaris, L.) growing in contaminated soil

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 692-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiřina Száková ◽  
Jaroslav Havlík ◽  
Barbora Valterová ◽  
Pavel Tlustoš ◽  
Walter Goessler
Keyword(s):  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Arsenic Speciation ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Soil Arsenic ◽  
Risk Element

AbstractThe effect of enhanced soil risk element contents on the uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was determined in two pot experiments. Simultaneously, transformation of arsenic and its compounds in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) plants was investigated. The mobile fractions of elements were determined in 0.05 mol L−1 (NH4)2SO4 extracts and did not exceed 2% of total soil arsenic, 9% of total cadmium, 3% of total lead, and 8% of total zinc, respectively. Although the soils were extremely contaminated the mobile portions of the elements represented only a small fragment of the total element content. Arsenic contents in beet plants reached up to 25 mg As kg−1 in roots and 48 mg As kg−1 in leaves in the soil characterized by the highest mobile arsenic portion. Arsenic portions extractable with water and phosphate buffer from the beetroot samples did not show significant differences between the extraction agents but the extractability was affected by the arsenic concentration. Arsenic was almost quantitatively extractable from the samples with the lowest total arsenic concentration, whereas in the samples with the highest total arsenic concentration less than 25% was extractable. Arsenate was the dominant arsenic compound in the extracts (70% in phosphate buffer, 50% in water extracts). A small portion of dimethylarsinic acid, not exceeding 0.5%, was detected only in the sample growing in the soil with the highest arsenic concentration. The role of betalains (betanin, isobetanin, vulgaxanthin I and vulgaxanthin II) in transformation/detoxification of arsenic in plants was not confirmed in this experiment because the plants were able to grow in the contaminated soil without any symptoms of arsenic toxicity.

scholarly journals The Bioaccumulation and Tissue Distribution of Arsenic Species in Tilapia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Pei ◽  
Jinxing Zuo ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Jingyu Yin ◽  
Liping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Organic Form ◽  
Exposure Pathway ◽  
Organic Arsenic

Arsenic is a public concern due to its widespread occurrence and carcinogenicity. Consumption of arsenic-contaminated fish is an important exposure pathway for human health. This study focused on understanding how exposure to arsenic-contaminated fish is informative to human health risk assessment. While the bioaccumulation and tissue distributions of total arsenic concentration in fish are commonly reported, there are limited studies related to the time-course of arsenic species in various tissues. Using the Tilapia as a case, this study aimed to investigate the bioaccumulation and tissue distributions (liver, gastrointestinal (GI), muscle, and gill) of arsenic species in freshwater fish via diet-borne inorganic arsenic exposure. In particular, the Tilapia were exposed to arsenic (III) and As(V) for 32 days. The accumulation of arsenic in all tissues linearly increased with time in the first 10 days’ exposure, while the arsenic levels remained stable in the following 20 days’ exposure. The accumulation of arsenic in tissue followed the sequence of intestine > liver > gill > muscle. Meanwhile, more than 90% of arsenic was converted into organic form in liver, gill, and muscle, while organic arsenic contributed about 30–80% to the total arsenic in the GI. The percentage of organic form in muscle is the highest, followed by gill, liver, and intestine, and arsenobetaine is the main form of organic arsenic. While the exposure profiles of As(III) and As(V) are quite similar, the absorption rate of As(V) is relatively higher than that of As(III). Information provided here can be instrumental for exposure assessment and risk management for arsenic in aquatic environment.

scholarly journals Arsenic compounds in the leaves and roots of radish grown in three soils treated by dimethylarsinic acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 540-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tlustoš ◽  
W. Gössler ◽  
J. Száková ◽  
D. Pavlíková ◽  
J. Balík
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Compound ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
As Species ◽  
Inorganic As ◽  
The Individual

The effect of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) on the growth of radish and the content of As compounds in roots and leaves of the radish were investigated. Radish was grown in pots in three soils (Fluvisols, Chernozems and Luvisols) amended with 20 mg As/kg of soil in form of DMA. Behavior and transformations of DMA in the soils differed depending on the individual soil type. In the first season, plants grew up at Luvisols only. In the second season the plants were able to grow at Luvisols and Chernozems, too. The roots and leaves of radish from Luvisols had DMA as the dominant arsenic compound present (~ 90% in the extract) in the first season. In the roots of the subsequently growing radish DMA accounted for 20% and arsenite for most of the total arsenic in the extract. In the leaves of the second-crop of radish DMA remained the dominant arsenic compound (~ 60% in the extract) with arsenate and arsenite for the remaining 40%. Roots and leaves of radish grown in Chernozems and Luvisols had a similar pattern of arsenic compounds. Soil properties significantly affected transformation of As species in the soils. At Fluvisols was the lowest As immobilization and about 98% was found as DMA after two years of experiments in the other two soils was higher As immobilization and DMA was recovered to inorganic As (V) – 31% in Luvisols and 78% in Chernozems.

The response of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) to different concentrations of inorganic and organic compounds of arsenic

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Tlustoš ◽  
Jiřina Száková ◽  
Daniela Pavlíková ◽  
Jiří Balík
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Arsenic Compounds ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Methylarsonic Acid ◽  
Cultivation Substrate ◽  
Transformation Processes

AbstractTomato plants were cultivated in greenhouse and water solutions of arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), methylarsonic acid (MA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) were applied individually into cultivation substrate at two As levels, 5 and 15 mg kg−1 of the substrate. Comparing the availability of arsenic compounds increased in order arsenite = arsenate < MA < DMA where the arsenic contents in plants decreased during vegetation period. Within a single plant, the highest arsenic concentration was found in roots followed in decreasing order by leaves, stems, and fruits regardless of arsenic compound applied. Arsenic toxicity symptoms reflected in suppressed growth of plants and a lower number and size of fruits were most significant with DMA treatment. However, the highest accumulation of arsenic by plants growing in the soil containing DMA was caused by higher mobility of this compound in the soil due to its lower sorption affinity. Our results confirmed substantial role of transformation processes of arsenic compounds in soil in uptake and accumulation of arsenic by plants.

Evaluation of Arsenate Content of Rice and Rice Bran Purchased from Local Markets in the People's Republic of China

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHOUHUI DAI ◽  
HUI YANG ◽  
XUEFEI MAO ◽  
JING QIU ◽  
QUANJI LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Inorganic Arsenic ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Total Arsenic ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Monomethylarsonic Acid ◽  
The Difference

In previous studies, inorganic arsenic and total arsenic concentrations in rice bran have been much higher than those in polished rice obtained from the same whole paddy rice. However, the arsenic species distribution between rice and bran is still unknown, especially for arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV). To characterize the arsenic species in rice and bran and explain the elevated concentrations of inorganic arsenic and total arsenic, four arsenic species, AsIII, AsV, dimethylarsinic acid, and monomethylarsonic acid, were evaluated. Rice and bran samples (n = 108) purchased from local markets in the People's Republic of China were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography with hydride generation and atomic fluorescence spectrometry and then microwave extraction. As expected, most of the arsenic was found in bran, with bran/rice ratios of 6.8 for total arsenic species and 6.4 for inorganic arsenic. Among four arsenic species, the maximum bran/rice ratio was 104.7 (335/3.2 μg kg−1) for AsV followed by 1.2 (69.2/56.1) for AsIII, 1.3 (6.7/5.2) for dimethylarsinic acid, and 4.0 (0.8/0.2) for monomethylarsonic acid. Thus, the large difference in arsenic concentration between rice and bran was mostly due to the difference in the AsV concentration, which account for 96 and 95% of the difference for total arsenic species and inorganic arsenic, respectively. Therefore, the possibility of AsV contamination in rice bran and its by-products needs more study. This study is the first in which concentrations of AsIII and AsV in rice and bran have been documented, revealing that a higher percentage of AsV occurs in bran than in rice.

Arsenic's Interaction with Humic Acid

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Warwick ◽  
Edu Inam ◽  
Nick Evans
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Arsenic Concentration ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Arsenic Species ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Dimethylarsinic Acid ◽  
Arsenic Mobility

Environmental Context. Arsenic is of significant environmental concern in much of the world because of its contamination of waters, from mining, industry, sewage disposal, and agriculture. The environmental mobility of arsenic is controlled primarily by adsorption onto metal oxides, especially iron. Humic substances (natural organic matter), which are ubiquitous in aquatic and soil environments, may interfere with this adsorption and arsenic mobility may be increased. Thus, even if it is assumed that humic substances sorb arsenic less strongly than hydrous iron oxides, they may, nevertheless, influence arsenic sorption and mobility, particularly when the iron oxide content in the environment is low. Abstract. The environmental mobility of arsenic is primarily controlled by adsorption onto metal oxide surfaces, particularly iron, aluminium, and manganese. Humic acid (HA) may interfere with this adsorption, thereby increasing arsenic mobility. This study has characterized the interaction of arsenic with HA in a system consisting of HA with As(iii), As(v), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA). Three sets of batch experiments were performed at varying pH (3–12), ionic strength (0–0.4 mol dm−3), concentration of each arsenic species (0–100 mg dm−3), and HA concentration (0–10 g dm−3). Arsenic species were shown to react with humic acid. The interaction is postulated to involve bridging metals and deprotonated functional groups within the HA. The association is dependent on pH, ionic strength, and arsenic concentration. The extent of the interaction was greater in the pH range 8–10 for As(v) and DMAA, while it extended to pH 12 for As(iii). The strong pH dependency is probably due to the aqueous speciation of arsenic. The logarithmic conditional association constants for the reactions were found to be 1.97 ± 0.02, 1.58 ± 0.07, and 1.50 ± 0.10 for As(v), As(iii), and DMAA respectively. These values indicate the formation of weak complexes with humic acid.

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