Ethylene involvement in the regulation of Fe-deficiency stress responses by Strategy I plants

Plants have developed different mechanisms for the acquisition of iron (Fe). Depending on the mechanisms, plants are classified into two groups: Strategy I and Strategy II. Strategy I plants include all higher plants except the Gramineae, while Strategy II plants comprise the Gramineae. When plants suffer from Fe-deficiency, they develop several morphological and physiological changes in their roots, known as Fe-deficiency stress responses, which disappear when the plants acquire enough Fe. In Strategy I plants, these changes include subapical swelling with abundant root hairs, transfer cells, acidification of the rhizosphere, enhancement of the capacity to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+, enhancement of the capacity for Fe2+ uptake, release of flavins, and others. The regulation of these responses is not fully understood but in recent years there has been evidence suggesting the involvement of ethylene in this process. This review summarises different results that support a role for this hormone in the regulation of Fe-deficiency stress responses by Strategy I plants.

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Ethylene Production by Fe-deficient Roots and its Involvement in the Regulation of Fe-deficiency Stress Responses by Strategy I Plants

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1006/anbo.1998.0793 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 51-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

F ROMERA

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Fe Deficiency ◽

Strategy I

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Simultaneous Fe- and Cu-deficiency synergically accelerates the induction of several Fe-deficiency stress responses in Strategy I plants

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/s0981-9428(03)00117-7 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

pp. 821-827 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Francisco J. Romera ◽

Verónica M. Frejo ◽

Esteban Alcántara

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Fe Deficiency ◽

Cu Deficiency ◽

Strategy I

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Genomic analysis of WD40 protein family in the mango reveals a TTG1 protein enhances root growth and abiotic tolerance in Arabidopsis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81969-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lin Tan ◽

Haron Salih ◽

Nwe Ni Win Htet ◽

Farrukh Azeem ◽

Rulin Zhan

Keyword(s):

Root Growth ◽

Protein Interactions ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Root Hairs ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Protein Family ◽

Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽

Regulatory Complex

AbstractWD40 domain-containing proteins constitute one of the most abundant protein families in all higher plants and play vital roles in the regulation of plant growth and developmental processes. To date, WD40 protein members have been identified in several plant species, but no report is available on the WD40 protein family in mango (Mangifera indica L.). In this study, a total of 315 WD40 protein members were identified in mango and further divided into 11 subgroups according to the phylogenetic tree. Here, we reported mango TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA 1 (MiTTG1) protein as a novel factor that functions in the regulation of Arabidopsis root growth and development. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay in tobacco leaves revealed that MiTTG1 protein physically interacts with MiMYB0, MiTT8 and MibHLH1, implying the formation of a new ternary regulatory complex (MYB-bHLH-WD40) in mango. Furthermore, the MiTTG1 transgenic lines were more adapted to abiotic stresses (mannitol, salt and drought stress) in terms of promoted root hairs and root lengths. Together, our findings indicated that MiTTG1 functions as a novel factor to modulate protein–protein interactions and enhance the plants abilities to adjust different abiotic stress responses.

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Advances in the study of egg activation of higher plants

Zygote ◽

10.1017/s0967199418000539 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 435-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Li Peng ◽

Zhen Kai Li ◽

Xiao Li Ding ◽

Hui Qiao Tian

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Egg Activation ◽

Sperm Cells ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Cell Wall Formation ◽

Cell Shrinkage ◽

Functional Relevance ◽

Polarity Change ◽

Fertilized Egg

SummaryFertilization in higher plants induces many structural and physiological changes in the fertilized egg, and represents the transition from the haploid female gamete to the diploid zygote, the first cell of a sporophyte. Some changes are induced extremely rapidly following fusion with sperm cells and are the preclusions of egg activation. This review focuses on the early changes that occur in the egg after fusion with sperm cells, but before nuclear fusion. Reported changes include cell shrinkage, cell wall formation, polarity change, oscillation in Ca2+ concentration, and DNA synthesis. In addition, the current understanding of egg activation is summarized and the possible functional relevance of the changes is explored.

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Impact of clock-associated Arabidopsis pseudo-response regulators in metabolic coordination

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.0900952106 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 106 (17) ◽

pp. 7251-7256 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

Atsushi Fukushima ◽

Miyako Kusano ◽

Norihito Nakamichi ◽

Makoto Kobayashi ◽

Naomi Hayashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circadian Clock ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Clock Genes ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽

Integrated Analysis ◽

Response Regulators ◽

Triple Mutant ◽

Mitochondrial Functions ◽

Wide Range

In higher plants, the circadian clock controls a wide range of cellular processes such as photosynthesis and stress responses. Understanding metabolic changes in arrhythmic plants and determining output-related function of clock genes would help in elucidating circadian-clock mechanisms underlying plant growth and development. In this work, we investigated physiological relevance of PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORS (PRR 9, 7, and 5) in Arabidopsis thaliana by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Metabolite profiling using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry demonstrated well-differentiated metabolite phenotypes of seven mutants, including two arrhythmic plants with similar morphology, a PRR 9, 7, and 5 triple mutant and a CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1)-overexpressor line. Despite different light and time conditions, the triple mutant exhibited a dramatic increase in intermediates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This suggests that proteins PRR 9, 7, and 5 are involved in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics revealed that PRR 9, 7, and 5 negatively regulate the biosynthetic pathways of chlorophyll, carotenoid and abscisic acid, and α-tocopherol, highlighting them as additional outputs of pseudo-response regulators. These findings indicated that mitochondrial functions are coupled with the circadian system in plants.

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Advances in the Regulation of Epidermal Cell Development by C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins in Plants

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.754512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Guoliang Han ◽

Yuxia Li ◽

Ziqi Qiao ◽

Chengfeng Wang ◽

Yang Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Fate ◽

Zinc Finger ◽

Epidermal Cell ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Root Hairs ◽

Zinc Finger Proteins ◽

Cell Development ◽

Salt Glands ◽

Plant Adaptation ◽

C2h2 Zinc Finger

Plant epidermal cells, such as trichomes, root hairs, salt glands, and stomata, play pivotal roles in the growth, development, and environmental adaptation of terrestrial plants. Cell fate determination, differentiation, and the formation of epidermal structures represent basic developmental processes in multicellular organisms. Increasing evidence indicates that C2H2 zinc finger proteins play important roles in regulating the development of epidermal structures in plants and plant adaptation to unfavorable environments. Here, we systematically summarize the molecular mechanism underlying the roles of C2H2 zinc finger proteins in controlling epidermal cell formation in plants, with an emphasis on trichomes, root hairs, and salt glands and their roles in plant adaptation to environmental stress. In addition, we discuss the possible roles of homologous C2H2 zinc finger proteins in trichome development in non-halophytes and salt gland development in halophytes based on bioinformatic analysis. This review provides a foundation for further study of epidermal cell development and abiotic stress responses in plants.

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A unique AtSar1D-AtRabD2a nexus modulates autophagosome biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2021293118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (17) ◽

pp. e2021293118

Author(s):

Yonglun Zeng ◽

Baiying Li ◽

Changyang Ji ◽

Lei Feng ◽

Fangfang Niu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Higher Plants ◽

Dominant Negative ◽

Dominant Negative Mutant ◽

Secretory Proteins ◽

Insertion Mutant ◽

Intermediate Metabolites ◽

Dna Insertion ◽

Autophagy Pathway ◽

Copii Vesicles

In eukaryotes, secretory proteins traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus via coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles. Intriguingly, during nutrient starvation, the COPII machinery acts constructively as a membrane source for autophagosomes during autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis by recycling intermediate metabolites. In higher plants, essential roles of autophagy have been implicated in plant development and stress responses. Nonetheless, the membrane sources of autophagosomes, especially the participation of the COPII machinery in the autophagic pathway and autophagosome biogenesis, remains elusive in plants. Here, we provided evidence in support of a novel role of a specific Sar1 homolog AtSar1d in plant autophagy in concert with a unique Rab1/Ypt1 homolog AtRabD2a. First, proteomic analysis of the plant ATG (autophagy-related gene) interactome uncovered the mechanistic connections between ATG machinery and specific COPII components including AtSar1d and Sec23s, while a dominant negative mutant of AtSar1d exhibited distinct inhibition on YFP-ATG8 vacuolar degradation upon autophagic induction. Second, a transfer DNA insertion mutant of AtSar1d displayed starvation-related phenotypes. Third, AtSar1d regulated autophagosome progression through specific recognition of ATG8e by a noncanonical motif. Fourth, we demonstrated that a plant-unique Rab1/Ypt1 homolog AtRabD2a coordinates with AtSar1d to function as the molecular switch in mediating the COPII functions in the autophagy pathway. AtRabD2a appears to be essential for bridging the specific AtSar1d-positive COPII vesicles to the autophagy initiation complex and therefore contributes to autophagosome formation in plants. Taken together, we identified a plant-specific nexus of AtSar1d-AtRabD2a in regulating autophagosome biogenesis.

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