Impairment of leaf hydraulics in young plants of Citrus aurantium (sour orange) infected by Phoma tracheiphila

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Raimondo ◽  
Francesco Raudino ◽  
Santa Olga Cacciola ◽  
Sebastiano Salleo ◽  
Maria Assunta Lo Gullo
Keyword(s):  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Leaf Hydraulics ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Major Vein ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila ◽  
The Impact

Phoma trachephila (Petri) Kantschaveli et Gikachvili causes dieback of several Citrus species. The impact of this fungus on leaf hydraulics was studied in Citrus aurantium L. (sour orange) with the aim of identifying the primary mechanism of damage to leaves. Leaves inoculated with a conidial suspension were measured for conductance to water vapor (gL) and specific hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) every 3 days after inoculation. The earliest symptom of infection consisted of vein chlorosis. Functional vein density (FVD) was monitored and microscopic observations were made of major vein conduits. Impairment of vein hydraulics started 25 days after inoculation with a losses of Kleaf of 40% and gL of ~60%. Most minor veins within chlorotic areas were no longer functioning and some conduits of the major veins showed digested interconduit pits leading to vein cavitation. The close Kleaf–FVD relationship revealed that vein impairment caused drop of Kleaf and, consequently, of gL at chlorotic areas. Leaf infection was focused to veins that were first forced to embolise and then invaded by fungal hyphae. The vein embolism due to the Phoma amplifies the native dominant hydraulic resistance of leaf veins, and leads ultimately to early shedding of infected leaves.

scholarly journals Intercultivar Diversity of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Based on Genetic Markers, Phenotypic Characteristics, Aromatic Compounds and Sensorial Analysis

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Vincent Ferrer ◽  
Gilles Costantino ◽  
Mathieu Paoli ◽  
Noémie Paymal ◽  
Carole Quinton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Sensory Profiles ◽  
The Impact

Sour oranges (Citrus aurantium L.) are well known in the processing and cosmetics industries for the aromatic properties of their essential oils. Intercultivar genetic and aromatic diversity is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of morphological selection and genetic mechanisms of varietal diversification (mutation or hybridization) on the aromatic and odor variability of sour orange essential oils. Forty-five sour orange accessions from INRAE-CIRAD citrus Biological Resources Center (France) were assessed for ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 54 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, nine morphochemical fruit traits and with the aromatic components of leaf and peel essential oils. Thirty-nine sour oranges displayed no intercultivar molecular polymorphism and six genotypes originated from interspecific hybridizations involving sour orange, citron, pummelo or mandarin. The peel essential oil (PEO) diversity was low, in accordance with the genetic diversity. The predominance of limonene (>90%) prevents any possible correlation to be made between the composition and the variation in sensory profiles detected by panelists. Few compounds in the leaf essential oil (LEO), such as linalool, linalyl acetate, α-terpineol and geraniol were significantly different across sour oranges varieties. The morphological fruit attributes mainly used in varietal selection differed highly across the main genetically identical group of sour orange accessions. These results confirm that mutation can generate variability in aromatic compounds and aromas and that their exploitation requires an improvement in characterization processes.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bushfire Smoke on Cattle—A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 848
Author(s):  
Benjamin Eid ◽  
David Beggs ◽  
Peter Mansell
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Airborne Particulate ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Background Mortality ◽  
Fire Front ◽  
The Impact

In 2019–2020, a particularly bad bushfire season in Australia resulted in cattle being exposed to prolonged periods of smoke haze and reduced air quality. Bushfire smoke contains many harmful pollutants, and impacts on regions far from the fire front, with smoke haze persisting for weeks. Particulate matter (PM) is one of the major components of bushfire smoke known to have a negative impact on human health. However, little has been reported about the potential effects that bushfire smoke has on cattle exposed to smoke haze for extended periods. We explored the current literature to investigate evidence for likely effects on cattle from prolonged exposure to smoke generated from bushfires in Australia. We conducted a search for papers related to the impacts of smoke on cattle. Initial searching returned no relevant articles through either CAB Direct or PubMed databases, whilst Google Scholar provided a small number of results. The search was then expanded to look at two sub-questions: the type of pollution that is found in bushfire smoke, and the reported effects of both humans and cattle being exposed to these types of pollutants. The primary mechanism for damage due to bushfire smoke is due to small airborne particulate matter (PM). Although evidence demonstrates that PM from bushfire smoke has a measurable impact on both human mortality and cardiorespiratory morbidities, there is little evidence regarding the impact of chronic bushfire smoke exposure in cattle. We hypothesize that cattle are not severely affected by chronic exposure to smoke haze, as evidenced by the lack of reports. This may be because cattle do not tend to suffer from the co-morbidities that, in the human population, seem to be made worse by smoke and pollution. Further, small changes to background mortality rates or transient morbidity may also go unreported.

Protective effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against infections of Citrus aurantium seedlings by Phoma tracheiphila

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kalai-Grami ◽  
I. Ben Slimane ◽  
M. Mnari-Hattab ◽  
S. Rezgui ◽  
M. A. Aouani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Phoma Tracheiphila

scholarly journals Effect of Salicylic Acid on Growth and Physiological Status of Salt Stressed Sour Orange Seedlings (Citrus aurantium L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
M. El-Shazly Samy ◽  
F. Abd El-Hamed Shaimaa ◽  
A. Khalil Hoda
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Aurantium

scholarly journals Suitability of Citrus Species as Hosts of Sphaeropsis Tumefaciens Hedges.

1969 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
S. D. Rodríguez ◽  
R. Rodríguez ◽  
P. L. Meléndez
Keyword(s):  
Disease Index ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Species ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Rough Lemon

The reaction of eight species of citrus and the chironja hybrid to inoculations with S. tumefaciens was evaluated in the greenhouse. All hosts developed disease symptoms, but their responses varied. Rough lemon was the host most severely affected by this pathogen, showing dieback symptoms 60 days after inoculation. The lowest disease index was observed in sour orange.

Performance of Different Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) Genotypes on Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Rootstock under the Climatic Conditions of Peshawar

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1762-1766
Author(s):  
Ghulam Nabi ◽  
Tasleem Jan . ◽  
Sharafat Gul . ◽  
Nadia Kanwal . ◽  
Umer Rahim .
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Citrus Paradisi

Variation in physicochemical and sensory quality of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) marmalade from the Cap Bon region in North-East Tunisia

Fruits ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inès Ellouze ◽  
Hajer Debbabi ◽  
Ameni Belkacem ◽  
Boulbeba Rekik
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
North East

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of sour orange (Citrus aurantium) accessions and their relatives using SSR and SRAP markers

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3267-3276 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Polat ◽  
Y.A. Kaçar ◽  
T. Yesiloglu ◽  
A. Uzun ◽  
O. Tuzcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Citrus Aurantium ◽  
Srap Markers

scholarly journals Effects of major vein blockage and aquaporin inhibition on leaf hydraulics and stomatal conductance

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1904) ◽  
pp. 20190799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisanori Harayama ◽  
Mitsutoshi Kitao ◽  
Evgenios Agathokleous ◽  
Atsushi Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
First Order ◽  
Leaf Hydraulics ◽  
Vein Density ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Major Vein ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
Apoplastic Pathway

The density and architecture of leaf veins determine the network and efficiency of water transport within laminae and resultant leaf gas exchange and vary widely among plant species. Leaf hydraulic conductance ( K leaf ) can be regulated by vein architecture in conjunction with the water channel protein aquaporin. However, our understanding of how leaf veins and aquaporins affect leaf hydraulics and stomatal conductance ( g s ) remains poor. By inducing blockage of the major veins and inhibition of aquaporin activity using HgCl 2 , we examined the effects of major veins and aquaporins on K leaf and g s in species with different venation types. A vine species, with thick first-order veins and low vein density, displayed a rapidly declined g s with high leaf water potential in response to vein blockage and a greatly reduced K leaf and g s in response to aquaporin inhibition, suggesting that leaf aquaporins are involved in isohydric/anisohydric stomatal behaviour. Across species, the decline in K leaf and g s due to aquaporin inhibition increased linearly with decreasing major vein density, possibly indicating that a trade-off function between vein architecture (apoplastic pathway) and aquaporin activity (cell-to-cell pathway) affects leaf hydraulics.

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