Intercultivar Diversity of Sour Orange (Citrus aurantium L.) Based on Genetic Markers, Phenotypic Characteristics, Aromatic Compounds and Sensorial Analysis

Sour oranges (Citrus aurantium L.) are well known in the processing and cosmetics industries for the aromatic properties of their essential oils. Intercultivar genetic and aromatic diversity is not well documented. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of morphological selection and genetic mechanisms of varietal diversification (mutation or hybridization) on the aromatic and odor variability of sour orange essential oils. Forty-five sour orange accessions from INRAE-CIRAD citrus Biological Resources Center (France) were assessed for ten simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 54 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, nine morphochemical fruit traits and with the aromatic components of leaf and peel essential oils. Thirty-nine sour oranges displayed no intercultivar molecular polymorphism and six genotypes originated from interspecific hybridizations involving sour orange, citron, pummelo or mandarin. The peel essential oil (PEO) diversity was low, in accordance with the genetic diversity. The predominance of limonene (>90%) prevents any possible correlation to be made between the composition and the variation in sensory profiles detected by panelists. Few compounds in the leaf essential oil (LEO), such as linalool, linalyl acetate, α-terpineol and geraniol were significantly different across sour oranges varieties. The morphological fruit attributes mainly used in varietal selection differed highly across the main genetically identical group of sour orange accessions. These results confirm that mutation can generate variability in aromatic compounds and aromas and that their exploitation requires an improvement in characterization processes.

Download Full-text

Oil and Flower Production in Rosa damascena trigintipetala Dieck under Salinity Stress in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4547

Author(s):

Mohamed E. El-Sharnouby ◽

Metwally M. Montaser ◽

Sliai M. Abdallah

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Rosa Damascena ◽

Flower Production ◽

Survival Percentage ◽

The Impact ◽

Tolerance To Salinity

The flower industry depends on oil and fragrance, which is addressed in the current work. Different concentrations of NaCl (0, 250, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm) were applied to Taif rose plants (Rosa damascena var. trigintipetala Dieck) to evaluate their effects on growth and essential oil content. Results clearly indicated the highest survival percentage (98.3%) was seen in untreated plants compared to plants under salinity stress. Moreover, increasing the NaCl levels induced an adverse effect on the growth parameters of Taif rose plants, while some essential oil contents were increased to the maximum degree of their tolerance to salinity stress. The extracted essential oils were analyzed using GC/MS. The essential oils of Taif rose plants treated with 500 ppm NaCl recorded the highest values of citronellol, geraniol and phenylethyl alcohol contents (16.56, 8.67 and 9.87%), respectively. NaCl at 250 ppm produced the highest values of heneicosane (13.12%), and then decreased to the lowest value (7.79%) with the increase of NaCl to 1500 NaCl, compared to the control and other NaCl levels. The current results could highlight the impact of salinity stress on Rosa damascena Miller var. trigintipetala Dieck for better economic and industrial applications.

Download Full-text

FUMIGATION TOXICITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) IN STORED MAIZE GRAIN

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252016v29n220rc ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 435-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

VALDEANY NÚBIA DE SOUZA ◽

CARLOS ROMERO FERREIRA DE OLIVEIRA ◽

CLÁUDIA HELENA CYSNEIROS MATOS ◽

DAIANY KEILA FLORENTINO DE ALMEIDA

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Rhyzopertha Dominica ◽

Fumigant Toxicity ◽

Citrus Aurantium ◽

Mentha Spicata ◽

Insect Mortality ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Potential Use ◽

Fumigation Toxicity

ABSTRACT: The Rhyzopertha dominica F. (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) is a primary pest of stored grains in many regions of the world. In this work we evaluated the fumigant activity of essential oils of Ocimum basilicum L., Citrus aurantium L., Mentha spicata L. and Croton pulegiodorus Baill on adult R. dominica in stored maize. Tests were conducted to determine lethals concentrations (CL50 and CL100) and mortality (fumigation).The fumigation test was done in containers made of glass containing 10 individuals of R. dominica, where essential oils were applied at different concentrations: O. basilicum and M. spicata (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40µL/L of air), C. aurantium (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60µL/L of air) and C. pulegiodorus (0, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 90µL/L of air). After 48 hours of exposure to the oils the percentage of insect mortality was evaluated. According to LC50 and LC100 the toxicity of essential oils decreased in the following order: O. basilicum> M. spicata> C. pulegiodorus> C. aurantium. The essential oil of O. basilicum exhibited strong fumigant toxicity against R. dominica adults, with a LC50 value of 17.67 µL/L air and LC100 value of 27.15 µL/L air. The C. aurantium essential oil required higher concentrations than O. basilicum, M. spicata and C. pulegiodorus to kill insects. However, all oils evaluated presented fumigating property to promote the control of R. dominica and demonstrated potential use in the management of this coleoptera.

Download Full-text

Volatilome and Essential Oil of Ulomoides dermestoides: A Broad-Spectrum Medical Insect

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26206311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 6311

Author(s):

Paulina J. Cázares-Samaniego ◽

Claudia G. Castillo ◽

Miguel A. Ramos-López ◽

Marco M. González-Chávez

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Traditional Medicine ◽

Broad Spectrum ◽

Alternative Treatment ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Pharmacological Interest ◽

Main Components

Ulomoides dermestoides are used as a broad-spectrum medical insect in the alternative treatment of various diseases. Preliminary volatilome studies carried out to date have shown, as the main components, methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, ethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, and limonene. This work focused on the production of metabolites and their metabolic variations in U. dermestoides under stress conditions to provide additional valuable information to help better understand the broad-spectrum medical uses. To this end, VOCs were characterized by HS-SPME with PEG and CAR/PDMS fibers, and the first reported insect essential oils were obtained. In HS-SMPE, we found 17 terpenes, six quinones, five alkenes, and four aromatic compounds; in the essential oils, 53 terpenes, 54 carboxylic acids and derivatives, three alkynes, 12 alkenes (1-Pentadecene, EOT1: 77.6% and EOT2: 57.9%), 28 alkanes, nine alkyl disulfides, three aromatic compounds, 19 alcohols, three quinones, and 12 aldehydes were identified. Between both study approaches, a total of 171 secondary metabolites were identified with no previous report for U. dermestoides. A considerable number of the identified metabolites showed previous studies of the activity of pharmacological interest. Therefore, considering the wide variety of activities reported for these metabolites, this work allows a broader vision of the therapeutic potential of U. dermestoides in traditional medicine.

Download Full-text

Impairment of leaf hydraulics in young plants of Citrus aurantium (sour orange) infected by Phoma tracheiphila

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp07065 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (8) ◽

pp. 720 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fabio Raimondo ◽

Francesco Raudino ◽

Santa Olga Cacciola ◽

Sebastiano Salleo ◽

Maria Assunta Lo Gullo

Keyword(s):

Conidial Suspension ◽

Sour Orange ◽

Citrus Aurantium ◽

Citrus Species ◽

Leaf Hydraulics ◽

Primary Mechanism ◽

Major Vein ◽

Leaf Infection ◽

Phoma Tracheiphila ◽

The Impact

Phoma trachephila (Petri) Kantschaveli et Gikachvili causes dieback of several Citrus species. The impact of this fungus on leaf hydraulics was studied in Citrus aurantium L. (sour orange) with the aim of identifying the primary mechanism of damage to leaves. Leaves inoculated with a conidial suspension were measured for conductance to water vapor (gL) and specific hydraulic conductance (Kleaf) every 3 days after inoculation. The earliest symptom of infection consisted of vein chlorosis. Functional vein density (FVD) was monitored and microscopic observations were made of major vein conduits. Impairment of vein hydraulics started 25 days after inoculation with a losses of Kleaf of 40% and gL of ~60%. Most minor veins within chlorotic areas were no longer functioning and some conduits of the major veins showed digested interconduit pits leading to vein cavitation. The close Kleaf–FVD relationship revealed that vein impairment caused drop of Kleaf and, consequently, of gL at chlorotic areas. Leaf infection was focused to veins that were first forced to embolise and then invaded by fungal hyphae. The vein embolism due to the Phoma amplifies the native dominant hydraulic resistance of leaf veins, and leads ultimately to early shedding of infected leaves.

Download Full-text

Chemical Components of Agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) Essential Oils Grown in Various Regions of Asia

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2020.22177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 36-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tran Thi Kim Ngan ◽

Dinh Thi Thu Thuy ◽

Tran Thi Tuyen ◽

Cam Thi Inh ◽

Hoang Thi Bich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Aromatic Compounds ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Volatile Aromatic Compounds ◽

Aquilaria Crassna

This study presents a chemometric study on agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) essential oils extracted from selected agarwood samples grown in various regions of Asia. Adopting gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, it was revealed that essential oils, produced by hydrodistillation,constitutes mainly volatile aromatic compounds. Several major components are shared in all samples including dihydro-agarofuran-15-al, jinkoeremol, 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, agarospirol, valerianol, n-hexadecanoic acid, neopetasane and dihydrokaranone. Despite differences in composition, extraction yield and detected constituents found in analyzed samples, characteristic aromatic compounds were abundantly found in the Agarwood essential oil. These discrepancies could be due to cultivation season, climatic conditions and extraction methods. Unambiguous identification of components in agarwood essential oils thereby opens new potential in the application of high-value aromatic compounds in agarwood essential oil in cosmetic products, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals.

Download Full-text

Toxic Effects of Citrus aurantium and C. limon Essential Oils on Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1100600941 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Emilio Villafañe ◽

Diego Tolosa ◽

Alicia Bardón ◽

Adriana Neske

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Citrus Aurantium ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Pupal Mortality ◽

Lepidopteran Pest

Citrus aurantium and C. limon were selected in the search for natural plant insecticides. The essential oils of C. aurantium and C. limon and ethanol extracts of the seeds, pulp, albedo, and peel of C. aurantium were incorporated into the larval diet of the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Larval and pupal mortality were quantified and adult malformation was observed. C aurantium essential oil had antifeedant action and the mixture of albedo ethanol extract and C aurantium essential oil had toxic effects on S. frugiperda larvae at early stages, when they had not yet produced major damage to the crop. Our results indicated that a mixture of ethanol extract of albedo and C. aurantium essential oil (250 μg of extract mix per g of diet) deterred feeding by 46% and had the highest larval mortality (100%) of the materials tested. The peel extract (250 μg per g of diet) produced an increment in growth rate and diet consumption. However, 40% of the larval and 45% of the pupal populations died after 96 h of treatment. The blend of essential oil and C. aurantium albedo ethanol extract showed the lowest consumption and a poor nutrient conversion into biomass. Finally, the presence of D-limonene and nootkatone in the peel ethanol extract, and C. limon and C. aurantium essential oils, may be the cause of the response in the feeding behavior and toxic effects found on S. frugiperda.

Download Full-text

The Impact of Selected Essential Oils Applied to Non-Woven Viscose on Bacteria That Cause Lower Urinary Tract Infections—Preliminary Studies

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26226854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (22) ◽

pp. 6854

Author(s):

Emilia Frydrysiak ◽

Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska ◽

Krzysztof Śmigielski ◽

Michał Frydrysiak

Keyword(s):

Urinary Tract ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Vapor Phase ◽

Lower Urinary Tract ◽

Salvia Officinalis ◽

Thymus Vulgaris ◽

Tract Infections ◽

The Impact ◽

Lower Urinary

Inflammation of the lower urinary tract is a very common problem, which occurs particularly in women. A concept of a biotextronics system for preventive and support treatment of lower urinary tract inflammations was presented. The system includes a non-woven viscose insert for essential oils application. The oils were deposited on the non-woven viscose and incubated in the temperature of 37 °C and served a model for their action in the vapor phase as the element of the biotextronics system. The essential oils used in the research were the following: chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), sage (Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia lavandulaefolia), juniper (Juniperus communis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and mixtures of chamomile oil with oils of each sage species in a 1:1 ratio. The oils were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The best inhibitory effect in vapor phase was noted for chamomile essential oil at the lowest concentration (0.054 µL/cm3). Both mixtures of chamomile and sage acted antagonistically, lowering the antibacterial activity of the individual oils applied solely. Juniper and Salvia officinalis essential oils at the concentrations tested increased the growth of at least one of the bacteria tested. Salvia lavandulaefolia Vahl. essential oil inhibited all bacteria, only at the concentration 0.214 µL/cm3. The thyme oil, at the concentration 0.054 µL/cm3, reduced the growth of all bacterial species tested. Chamomile and thyme essential oils were chosen for further research in the biotextronics pantiliner system.

Download Full-text

Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil of Illicium verum

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202131901052 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 01052

Author(s):

Brahim Outemsaa ◽

Asmaa Oubihi ◽

Hassna Jaber ◽

Sara Haida ◽

Ikram Kenfaoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Sensory Profile ◽

Illicium Verum ◽

The Impact ◽

Antibacterial And Antioxidant Activity

In recent years, a concern has been expressed about the impact of antibiotics and synthetic antioxidants, which are used to inhibit microbial growth and retard fat oxidation in foods. In addition, antibiotic resistance presents a serious menace to human and environmental ecosystems. This has led the food industry to use natural resources such as essential oils in the preparation of foods, this forming their sensory profile and increasing preservation time there. The objective of this work is to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of Illicium verum. The yield of essential oil extracted by hydro distillation is about 4.13%. The chemical composition of the essential oil extracted from the dried fruits of Illicium verum was studied by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC and GC/MS). Twenty-eight constituents, representing 99.74% of the essential oil were identified. The major compounds are: trans-anethole (83.46%), D-Limonene (4.56%), Estragole (3.47%) and Linalool (1.07%). Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH assay. The essential oils of Illicium verum showed low antioxidant activity with IC50= 286.19 ± 7.4 mg/mL, compared to Ascorbic acid IC50= 0.09 ± 0.01 mg/mL. The antibacterial effect of this essential oil was tested against six microorganisms, of which Staphylococcus aureus is the most sensitive with an MIC of about 1/1000 (v/v), followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterobacter cloacae with an MIC equal to 1/100 (v/v).

Download Full-text

Variations in chemical compositions of essential oil from sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) blossoms by different isolation methods

Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy ◽

10.1016/j.scp.2018.10.008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Aida Mohagheghniapour ◽

Mohammad Jamal Saharkhiz ◽

Mohammad Taghi Golmakani ◽

Mehrdad Niakousari

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Sour Orange ◽

Citrus Aurantium ◽

Isolation Methods

Download Full-text

Seasonal Effect on the Chemical Composition, Insecticidal Properties and Other Biological Activities of Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr. Essential Oils

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9050550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 550 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Evelyne Amenan Tanoh ◽

Guy Blanchard Boué ◽

Fatimata Nea ◽

Manon Genva ◽

Esse Leon Wognin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Principal Component ◽

Hierarchical Cluster ◽

Wild Plant ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Seasonal Effect ◽

The Impact

This study focused, for the first time, on the evaluation of the seasonal effect on the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils hydrodistillated from leaves, trunk bark and fruits of Zanthoxylum leprieurii (Z. leprieurii), a traditional medicinal wild plant growing in Côte d’Ivoire. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh organs of Z. leprieurii growing on the same site over several months using a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Leaf essential oils were dominated by tridecan-2-one (9.00 ± 0.02–36.80 ± 0.06%), (E)-β-ocimene (1.30 ± 0.50–23.57 ± 0.47%), β-caryophyllene (7.00 ± 1.02–19.85 ± 0.48%), dendrolasin (1.79 ± 0.08–16.40 ± 0.85%) and undecan-2-one (1.20 ± 0.03–8.51 ± 0.35%). Fruit essential oils were rich in β-myrcene (16.40 ± 0.91–48.27 ± 0.26%), citronellol (1.90 ± 0.02–28.24 ± 0.10%) and geranial (5.30 ± 0.53–12.50 ± 0.47%). Tridecan-2-one (45.26 ± 0.96–78.80 ± 0.55%), β-caryophyllene (1.80 ± 0.23–13.20 ± 0.33%), α-humulene (4.30 ± 1.09–12.73 ± 1.41%) and tridecan-2-ol (2.23 ± 0.17–10.10 ± 0.61%) were identified as major components of trunk bark oils. Statistical analyses of essential oil compositions showed that the variability mainly comes from the organs. Indeed, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) allowed us to cluster the samples into three groups, each one consisting of one different Z. leprieurii organ, showing that essential oils hydrodistillated from the different organs do not display the same chemical composition. However, significant differences in essential oil compositions for the same organ were highlighted during the studied period, showing the impact of the seasonal effect on essential oil compositions. Biological activities of the produced essential oils were also investigated. Essential oils exhibited high insecticidal activities against Sitophilus granarius, as well as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and moderate anti-plasmodial properties.

Download Full-text