Role of geranylgeranyl reductase gene in organ development and stress response in olive (Olea europaea) plants

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bruno ◽  
Adriana Chiappetta ◽  
Innocenzo Muzzalupo ◽  
Cinzia Gagliardi ◽  
Domenico Iaria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Transit Peptide ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The NADPH-dependent geranylgeranyl reductase gene (OeCHLP) was characterised in olive (Olea europaea L.). OeCHLP catalyses the formation of carbon double bonds in the phytolic side chain of chlorophyll, tocopherols and plastoquinones and, therefore, is involved in metabolic pathways related to plant productivity and stress response, besides to nutritional value of its products. The nuclear OeCHLP encodes a deduced product of 51 kDa, which harbours a transit peptide for cytoplasm-to-chloroplast transport and a nicotinamide binding domain. Two estimated identical copies of gene are harboured per haploid genome of the cv. ‘Carolea’ used in the present study. Levels and cytological pattern of OeCHLP transcription were investigated by quantitative RT–PCR and in situ hybridisation. In line with the presence of ubiquitous tocopherols and/or chlorophyll, OeCHLP transcripts were present in various organs of plants. In leaves and fruits at different developmental stages, OeCHLP was differentially expressed in relation to their morpho-physiological features. An early and transient enhancement of gene transcription was detected in leaves of different age exposed to cold treatment (4°C), as well as in fruits mechanically wounded. Moreover, OeCHLP transcripts locally increased in specific cell domains of fruits severely damaged by the pathogen Bactrocera olea. Combined, these data show that OeCHLP expression early responds to biotic and abiotic stressful factors. Levels of tocopherols also increased in leaves exposed to cold conditions and fruits severely damaged by pathogen. We suggest that gene activity under stress condition could be related to tocopherol action.

The dense indumentum with its polyphenol content may replace the protective role of the epidermis in some young xeromorphic leaves

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Karabourniotis ◽  
Costas Fasseas
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Damage ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Quercus Ilex ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The bright, yellow-green, ammonia-induced fluorescence of polyphenol compounds contained in the nonglandular hairs and within the epidermis of Olea europaea and Quercus ilex leaves was age dependent. Epifluorescence microscopic examination of transverse sections of leaves from both species showed that abaxial and adaxial epidermal layers emitted the characteristic green-yellow bright fluorescence only in late developmental stages, when a considerable decrease of the trichome density had already occurred. At earlier developmental stages, only the dense and thick trichome layer emitted the bright green-yellow fluorescence. In addition, the trichomes of young leaves of Olea and Quercus resembled the glandular ones of other species morphologically and possibly functionally. These findings suggest that the protective role of the trichome against ultraviolet-B radiation damage and (or) other environmental factors is particularly significant during the early stages of leaf development and may be less important at later stages, when the protective role is taken over by the epidermis. Keywords: leaf hairs, phenolics, UV-B radiation damage, leaf development, Olea europaea L., Quercus ilex L.

GRAS-domain transcription factor PAT1 regulates jasmonic acid biosynthesis in grape cold stress response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zemin Wang ◽  
Darren Chern Jan Wong ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Guangzhao Xu ◽  
Chong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Vitis Amurensis ◽  
Mobility Shift

Abstract Cultivated grapevine (Vitis) is a highly valued horticultural crop, and cold stress affects its growth and productivity. Wild Amur grape (Vitis amurensis) PAT1 (Phytochrome A signal transduction 1, VaPAT1) is induced by low temperature, and ectopic expression of VaPAT1 enhances cold tolerance in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of VaPAT1 during the cold stress response in grapevine. Here, we confirmed the overexpression of VaPAT1 in transformed grape calli enhanced cold tolerance. Yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays highlighted an interaction between VaPAT1 with INDETERMINATE-DOMAIN 3 (VaIDD3). A role of VaIDD3 in cold tolerance was also indicated. Transcriptome analysis revealed VaPAT1 and VaIDD3 overexpression and cold treatment coordinately modulate the expression of stress-related genes including lipoxygenase 3 (LOX3), a gene encoding a key jasmonate biosynthesis enzyme. Co-expression network analysis indicated LOX3 might be a downstream target of VaPAT1. Both electrophoretic mobility shift and dual luciferase reporter assays showed the VaPAT1-IDD3 complex binds to the IDD-box (AGACAAA) in the VaLOX3 promoter to activate its expression. Overexpression of both VaPAT1 and VaIDD3 increased the transcription of VaLOX3 and JA levels in transgenic grape calli. Conversely, VaPAT1-SRDX (dominant repression) and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of PAT1-ED causing the loss of the C-terminus in grape calli dramatically prohibited the accumulation of VaLOX3 and JA levels during cold treatment. Together, these findings point to a pivotal role of VaPAT1 in the cold stress response in grape by regulating JA biosynthesis.

scholarly journals The Role of Polyphenoloxidase, Peroxidase, and β-Glucosidase in Phenolics Accumulation in Olea europaea L. Fruits under Different Water Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cirilli ◽  
Giovanni Caruso ◽  
Clizia Gennai ◽  
Stefania Urbani ◽  
Eleonora Frioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Olea Europaea L ◽  
Olea Europaéa

scholarly journals Cloning and Functional Characterization of Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase Gene Involved in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis of Chrysanthemum

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7960
Author(s):  
Sun-Hyung Lim ◽  
Bora Park ◽  
Da-Hye Kim ◽  
Sangkyu Park ◽  
Ju-Hee Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium Ramat

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) catalyzes a committed step in anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis by reducing dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanidins. However, the role of this enzyme in determining flower color in the economically important crop chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) is unknown. Here, we isolated cDNAs encoding DFR from two chrysanthemum cultivars, the white-flowered chrysanthemum “OhBlang” (CmDFR-OB) and the red-flowered chrysanthemum “RedMarble” (CmDFR-RM) and identified variations in the C-terminus between the two sequences. An enzyme assay using recombinant proteins revealed that both enzymes catalyzed the reduction of dihydroflavonol substrates, but CmDFR-OB showed significantly reduced DFR activity for dihydrokaempferol (DHK) substrate as compared with CmDFR-RM. Transcript levels of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were consistent with the anthocyanin contents at different flower developmental stages of both cultivars. The inplanta complementation assay, using Arabidopsis thaliana dfr mutant (tt3-1), revealed that CmDFR-RM, but not CmDFR-OB, transgenes restored defective anthocyanin biosynthesis of this mutant at the seedling stage, as well as proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in the seed. The difference in the flower color of two chrysanthemums can be explained by the C-terminal variation of CmDFR combined with the loss of CmF3H expression during flower development.

scholarly journals TCF7L2 regulates postmitotic differentiation programs and excitability patterns in the thalamus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Andrzej Lipiec ◽  
Kamil Koziński ◽  
Tomasz Zajkowski ◽  
Joanna Bem ◽  
Joanna Urban-Ciećko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Network Control ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Thalamic Neurons ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Control Stage ◽  
Cell Clustering

AbstractNeuronal phenotypes are controlled by terminal selector transcription factors in invertebrates, but few examples of such regulators have been provided in vertebrates. TCF7L2 has been identified as a regulator of efferent outgrowth in the thalamus and habenula. We used a complete and conditional knockout of Tcf7l2 in mice to investigate the hypothesis that TCF7L2 plays a dual role in thalamic neuron differentiation and functions as a terminal selector. Connectivity and cell clustering was disrupted in the thalamo-habenular region in Tcf7l2-/- embryos. The expression of subregional thalamic and habenular transcription factors was lost and region-specific cell migration and axon guidance genes were downregulated. In mice with postnatal Tcf7l2 knockout, the induction of genes that confer terminal electrophysiological features of thalamic neurons was impaired. Many of these genes proved to be TCF7L2 direct targets. The role of TCF7L2 in thalamic terminal selection was functionally confirmed by impaired firing modes in thalamic neurons in the mutant mice. These data corroborate the existence of master regulators in the vertebrate brain that maintain regional transcriptional network, control stage-specific genetic programs and induce terminal selection.StatementThe study describes a role of TCF7L2 in neuronal differentiation of thalamic glutamatergic neurons at two developmental stages, highlighting its involvement in the postnatal establishment of critical thalamic electrophysiological features.

scholarly journals Global identification of full-length cassava lncRNAs unveils the role of CRIR1 in cold stress response

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
shuxia li ◽  
Zhihao Cheng ◽  
Shiman Dong ◽  
Zhibo Li ◽  
Liangping Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Cold Shock Protein ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Global Identification ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Rna Chaperones

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered to be important regulators of gene expression in a range of biological processes in plants. A large number of lncRNAs have been identified in plants. However, most of their biological functions still remain to be determined. Here, we identified total 3 004 lncRNAs in cassava under normal or cold-treated conditions from Iso-seq data. We further characterized a lincRNA, CRIR1, as a novel positive regulator of the plant response to cold stress. CRIR1 can be significantly induced by cold treatment. Overexpression of CRIR1 in cassava enhanced the cold tolerance of transgenic plants. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that CRIR1 regulates a range of cold stress-related genes in a CBF-independent pathway. We further found that CRIR1 RNA can interact with MeCSP5, a homolog of the cold shock protein that acts as RNA chaperones, indicating that CRIR1 may recruit MeCSP5 to improve the translation efficiency of mRNA. In summary, our study greatly extends the repertoire of lncRNAs in plants as well as its responding to cold stress. Moreover, it reveals a sophisticated mechanism by which CRIR1 regulates plant cold stress response by modulating the expression of stress-responsive genes and increasing the translational yield.

scholarly journals Role of Fruit Epicuticular Waxes in Preventing Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) Attachment in Different Cultivars of Olea europaea

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Rebora ◽  
Gianandrea Salerno ◽  
Silvana Piersanti ◽  
Elena Gorb ◽  
Stanislav Gorb
Keyword(s):  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Traction Force ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Bactrocera Oleae ◽  
Olive Fruit Fly ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Olive Fruit ◽  
Olea Europaéa

The olive fruit fly Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the major pest of cultivated olives (Olea europaea L.), and a serious threat in all of the Mediterranean Region. In the present investigation, we demonstrated with traction force experiments that B. oleae female adhesion is reduced by epicuticular waxes (EWs) fruit surface, and that the olive fruit fly shows a different ability to attach to the ripe olive surface of different cultivars of O. europaea (Arbequina, Carolea, Dolce Agogia, Frantoio, Kalamata, Leccino, Manzanilla, Picholine, Nostrale di Rigali, Pendolino and San Felice) in terms of friction force and adhesion, in relation with different mean values of olive surface wettability. Cryo-scanning morphological investigation revealed that the EW present on the olive surface of the different analyzed cultivars are represented by irregular platelets varying in the orientation, thus contributing to affect the surface microroughness and wettability in the different cultivars, and consequently the olive fruit fly attachment. Further investigations to elucidate the role of EW in olive varietal resistance to the olive fruit fly in relation to the olive developmental stage and environmental conditions could be relevant to develop control methods alternative to the use of harmful pesticides.

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