Function of leafy sepals in Paris polyphylla: photosynthate allocation and partitioning to the fruit and rhizome

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yu ◽  
Qilong Fan ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jianrong Wei ◽  
Qing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Fruit Removal ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Saponin Content ◽  
Paris Polyphylla ◽  
Rhizome Biomass

Paris polyphylla Smith var. yunnanensis (Franch.) Hand.-Mazz. is a rhizomatous, herbaceous, perennial plant that is used as a medicinal plant with a variety of pharmacological activities. However, the functions of the green, leafy sepal of this plant are poorly understood. The main objectives of this study were to: (a) test the hypothesis that sepals make measurable contributions to fruit development and rhizome growth; and (b) investigate the allocation and partitioning of photosynthates produced by sepals and leaves to fruit and rhizome. Net photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic pigment composition and δ13C values were similar for sepals and leaves. Sepal-darkening and sepal-removal treatments resulted in smaller fruit size and decreased rhizome biomass, whereas fruit removal led to a decrease in calyx size and an increase in rhizome yield and saponin content. Fruit and seed mass were positively and linearly related to calyx size. These results indicate that photosynthates produced by sepals are involved in the fruit growth and seed development and that developing fruit and rhizomes compete for the photosynthates exported by leaves. We propose that the sepals of P. polyphylla function partly as leaves to compensate for reproductive costs. Fruit removal increased carbon partitioning to the rhizome and improved rhizome yield and quality, offering a useful strategy for the domestication of this valuable medicinal plant.

Drip Irrigation and Stand Establishment Affect Yield and Quality of Cantaloupe

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 545d-545
Author(s):  
D.I. Leskovar ◽  
J.C. Ward ◽  
R.W. Sprague ◽  
A. Meiri
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Yield And Quality

Water pumping restrictions of high-quality irrigation water from underground aquifers is affecting vegetable production in Southwest Texas. There is a need to develop efficient deficit-irrigation strategies to minimize irrigation inputs and maintain crop profitability. Our objective was to determine how growth, yield, and quality of cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L. cv. `Caravelle') are affected by irrigation systems with varying input levels, including drip depth position and polyethylene mulch. Stand establishment systems used were containerized transplants and direct seeding. Field experiments were conducted on a Uvalde silty clay loam soil. Marketable yields increased in the order of pre-irrigation followed by: dry-land conditions, furrow/no-mulch, furrow/mulch, drip-surface (0 cm depth)/mulch, drip-subsurface (10-cm depth)/mulch, and drip-subsurface (30 cm depth)/mulch. Pooled across all drip depth treatments, plants on drip had higher water use efficiency than plants on furrow/no-mulch or furrow/mulch systems. Transplants with drip-surface produced 75% higher total and fruit size No. 9 yields than drip-subsurface (10- or 30-cm depth) during the first harvest, but total yields were unaffected by drip tape position. About similar trends were measured in a subsequent study except for a significant irrigation system (stand establishment interaction for yield. Total yields were highest for transplants on drip-subsurface (10-cm depth) and direct seeded plants on drip-subsurface (10 and 30 cm depth) with mulch.

scholarly journals Elma Bitkisi (Malus domestica L.)’nde Foliar Uygulanan Salisilik Asitin Donmaya Karşı Etkileri

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengü Türkyılmaz Ünal ◽  
Oğuzhan Mentiş ◽  
Ethem Akyol
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Freezing Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

In our study we aim to increase frost resistance and improve the yield and quality of apple is important in Turkey and world economy. Phenological and morphological observations, physiological and biochemical analyzes were carried out in apple (Malus domestica L.) plants. It was studied to determine the effects of foliar Salicylic acid (0, 500 ppm/plant and 1000 ppm/plant) on adaptation of this plant when exposed to freezing stress, the quality and yield. Leaf photosynthetic pigment contents, total protein amount, proline amount, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzymatic activities were measured. The study planned by random experimental design and statistical analysis of data with SPSS program (LSD test) were made. It was determined that fruit and shoot numbers were increased in samples exposed to 500 ppm salicylic acid and while fruit weights were increased in samples exposed to 500 ppm and 1000 ppm salicylic acid compared to the control. Also, colour of plants were darkened. Chla, chlb, total chl, proline, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase amounts were increased significantly compared to the control group. Increases occured in the carotenoid and the protein amounts are not significant statistically. In the light of obtained data, foliar application of salicylic acid were found to reduce the effects of freezing stress and to increase the yield and quality of apple plants.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF ‘PRATA COMUM’ BANANA FRUITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIANA DOMINGUES LIMA ◽  
JÉSSICA ANDRADE FLORENCIO ◽  
WILSON DA SILVA MORAES ◽  
SILVIA HELENA MODENESE GORLA DA SILVA ◽  
EDUARDO NARDINI GOMES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Banana Crops

ABSTRACT With the advent of black sigatoka in commercial banana crops in the “Vale do Ribeira” region, state of São Paulo, the monitoring the severity and chemical control of the disease in susceptible varieties have become more frequent in order to avoid leaf loss. This study simulated the effect of defoliation caused by the disease on the yield and quality of ‘Prata Comum’ banana fruits, depending on the formation period and fruit position in the bunch. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x11 factorial scheme (period of bunch formation x number of leaves at flowering), 6-16 leaves at flowering in two periods of bunch formation with six replicates. In Period 1, flowering occurred at 04/15/13 and in Period 2 at 01/07/14, although in Period 1, bunch mass was higher and in Period 2, higher average maximum and minimum daily temperatures, precipitation and radiation were observed. Regardless of formation period, the number of leaves at flowering affected bunch mass, which ranged from 18 to 23 kg plant-1. Defoliation affected the size of fruits of hand 1 and last hand of the bunch, but not the variability in fruit size due to the position the fruit occupies in the bunch and physicochemical characteristics.

scholarly journals Evaluation of plantain genotypes for yield and other characters

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
N Ara ◽  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
R Khatoon ◽  
M Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Better Than

An experiment was carried out at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Ishurdi, Pabna during 2013-15, with eleven genotypes of plantain to evaluate their performances for yield attributes, yield and quality characters. The genotypes included in this investigation were MP001, MP002, MP003, MP006, MP007, MP015, MP018, MP024, MP025, ISD002 and BARI Kola-2 as check. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotype MP002 produced the maximum number of fingers/bunch (105.67) closely followed by BARI Kola-2 (103.00) and MP015 (101.00). Both the genotypes MP024 and MP025 showed the highest fruit length (21.70 cm), but ISD002 gave the maximum fruit girth (16.78 cm), which was statistically similar with that of MP003 (16.30 cm) and MP024 (16.33 cm). The highest yield and the maximum number of hands were produced by the genotype MP024 (47.81 t/ha and (8.33/bunch) followed by MP015 (36.70 t/ha and 6.33/bunch). Fingers of the genotypes required boiling time in the range of 20.00 min (MP001) to 15.00 min (BARI Kola-2). Flesh of all genotypes possesses pleasant aroma except MP002, MP003 and ISD002. Among the eleven genotypes MP001, MP006, MP007, MP008, MP015 and MP024 were found better when cooked as smashed. The genotype ISD002 took the maximum time (467.33 days) to reach the edible maturity stage of fruits whereas MP024 required the minimum (339.00 days). The genotypes MP015 and MP024 performed better than BARI Kola-2 in respect of bunch weight, fruit size, productivity index, yield, sucker production and qualitative characters.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(1): 71-80, March 2018

scholarly journals Impact of Row Spacing, Sowing Density and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Quality Traits of chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) Cultivated in southwestern Germany

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Grimes ◽  
Timothy Phillips ◽  
Filippo Capezzone ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Seed Yields

To obtain high chia seed yields and seed qualities, a suitable crop management system needs to be developed for the given growing conditions in southwestern Germany. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental station Ihinger Hof in two consecutive years (2016, 2017). The study aimed to evaluate yield and quality traits of chia depending on different (i) row spacing (35, 50 and 75 cm), (ii) sowing densities (1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha−1) and, (iii) N-fertilization rates (0, 20 and 40 kg N ha−1). It consisted of three independent, completely randomized field experiments with three replications. Results showed that chia seed yields ranged from 618.39 to 1171.33 kg ha−1 and that a thousand seed mass of 1.14 to 1.24 g could be obtained. Crude protein-, crude oil- and mucilage contents varied from 18.11–23.91%, 32.16–33.78% and 10.00–13.74%, respectively. Results indicated that the year of cultivation and the accompanied environmental conditions, like precipitation or temperature, influenced the determined traits more than the applied agronomic practices. As average seed yields exceeded those obtained in the countries of origin (Mexico, Guatemala) while having comparable quality characteristics, chia holds great potential as an alternative crop for farmers in southwestern Germany.

INFLUENCES OF LATENT VIRUSES ON VIGOR, YIELD AND QUALITY OF BRITISH SOVEREIGN STRAWBERRIES

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. Freeman ◽  
Frances C. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Reduce Sugar Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
The Hill

Comparison of the effect of two strains of mottle virus, two strains of veinbanding virus, and latent-A virus, alone and in combination, on vigor, yield and quality of British Sovereign strawberry plants grown under two planting systems showed: 1. Vigor was reduced by infection by a single virus and still further reduced by two viruses; 2. Yield was reduced by virus infection, especially during the first fruiting year when plants were grown under the hill system; 3. Fruit size was reduced only by virus combinations; 4. Fruit quality was affected only by veinbanding, which increased the total acid content and tended to reduce sugar content.

Effect of Seed Mass and Emergence Delay on Soybean Yield and Quality

2015 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spyridon Mourtzinis ◽  
John M. Gaska ◽  
Palle Pedersen ◽  
Shawn P. Conley
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality
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