scholarly journals Impact of Row Spacing, Sowing Density and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Quality Traits of chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) Cultivated in southwestern Germany

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Grimes ◽  
Timothy Phillips ◽  
Filippo Capezzone ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Seed Yields

To obtain high chia seed yields and seed qualities, a suitable crop management system needs to be developed for the given growing conditions in southwestern Germany. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental station Ihinger Hof in two consecutive years (2016, 2017). The study aimed to evaluate yield and quality traits of chia depending on different (i) row spacing (35, 50 and 75 cm), (ii) sowing densities (1, 1.5 and 2 kg ha−1) and, (iii) N-fertilization rates (0, 20 and 40 kg N ha−1). It consisted of three independent, completely randomized field experiments with three replications. Results showed that chia seed yields ranged from 618.39 to 1171.33 kg ha−1 and that a thousand seed mass of 1.14 to 1.24 g could be obtained. Crude protein-, crude oil- and mucilage contents varied from 18.11–23.91%, 32.16–33.78% and 10.00–13.74%, respectively. Results indicated that the year of cultivation and the accompanied environmental conditions, like precipitation or temperature, influenced the determined traits more than the applied agronomic practices. As average seed yields exceeded those obtained in the countries of origin (Mexico, Guatemala) while having comparable quality characteristics, chia holds great potential as an alternative crop for farmers in southwestern Germany.

scholarly journals Characterization and Evaluation of Salvia hispanica L. and Salvia columbariae Benth. Varieties for Their Cultivation in Southwestern Germany

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2012
Author(s):  
Samantha Jo Grimes ◽  
Filippo Capezzone ◽  
Peteh Mehdi Nkebiwe ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Mass ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Seed Yields

Rising consumer attraction towards superfoods and the steadily increasing demand for healthy, environmentally sustainable, and regionally produced food products has sharpened the demand for chia. Over the course of 4 years, two early flowering chia varieties belonging to Salvia hispanica L., and Salvia columbariae Benth. Species were identified to complete their phenological development and, therefore, able to reach maturity under a photoperiod >12 h, thus enabling the cultivation of chia in central Europe—more specifically, in southwestern Germany—consistently for the first time. Results obtained by the conducted field trial in 2018 showed that chia seed yields and thousand-seed mass ranged from 284.13 to 643.99 kg ha−1 and 0.92 to 1.36 g, respectively. Further, the statistical analyses showed that the protein content of the cultivated chia varieties ranged from 22.14 to 27.78%, the mucilage content varied from 10.35 to 20.66%, and the crude oil content amounted up to 28.00 and 31.73%. Fatty acid profiles were similar to previously reported data with α-Linolenic acid being the most prominent one, ranging from 60.40 to 65.87%, and we obtained ω6:ω3 ratios between 0.2 and 0.3. In conclusion, chia could represent a promising raw material from a nutritional point of view, while being able to diversify the local food basis of southwestern Germany.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield Performance and Quality Parameters of Three Early Flowering Chia (Salvia Hispanica L.) Genotypes Cultivated in Southwestern Germany

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Grimes ◽  
Timothy D. Phillips ◽  
Volker Hahn ◽  
Filippo Capezzone ◽  
Simone Graeff-Hönninger
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Salvia Hispanica ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Chia Seed ◽  
Salvia Hispanica L ◽  
Seed Yields

The combination of consumer’s ongoing demand for chia (Salvia hispanica L.) alongside the increased demand for regionally produced food products provided the impetus for this study. Its aim was to test if a regional cultivation of new chia genotypes, which were adapted to day lengths greater than 12 hours, is feasible under Central European conditions. Therefore, three early flowering chia genotypes (Sahi Alba 914, W13.1, G8) were cultivated in a randomized block design at two experimental stations in Southwestern Germany (Ihinger Hof, Eckartsweier) over the course of two years (2015, 2016). Mean yields ranged from 100 to 1290 kg ha−1. Mucilage content ranged from 9.5% to 12.2%, while the crude protein content ranged from 17.2% to 25.0%. Crude oil content fell in the range of 30.9–33.7% and the PUFA:SAT ratio ranged from 4.0 to 9.4, whereas the omega6:omega3 ratio varied from 0.27 to 0.5. As chia seed yields surpassed yield levels obtained by their countries of origin and as quality parameters obtained, were in line with the genotypes cultivated in their countries of origin, it can be assumed that a regional chia production in Southwestern Germany offers great potential, being ecologically and economically profitable.

EFFECT OF WEED INTERFERENCE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF FLAX SEED OIL

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. FRIESEN
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Yields

In 26 field experiments over a 4-yr period, weed interference significantly reduced the oil content of flax seed (Linum usitatissimum L. ’Linott’) in 21 of the experiments and the iodine value of flax seed oil in 19 of the experiments, regardless of dominant weed species. Seed density and seed weight were not seriously affected by weed interference. Flax seed yields were reduced by weed interference in 25 of the experiments.Key words: Flax, weed competition, linseed oil

scholarly journals The Effect of Sowing Quantity and Row Spacing on Seed Production of Few Minor Grass Species

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danuta Martyniak ◽  
Grzegorz Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Area Unit ◽  
Seed Propagation ◽  
Seed Yields

Abstract A wide range of seed material from different grass species is necessary to keep high quality grasslands and to create buffer zones between arable lands and forest and to re-cultivate waste or fallow land. Therefore, the aim of our research was to describe elements of seed propagation of some minor grass species. On the basis of field experiments, different spacing and seed quantities were investigated for Beckmannia eruciformis, Cynosurus cristatus and Elytrigia elongata aiming at an optimal seed production. Satisfying seed yields were obtained even at a reduced (50% to 75%) amount of seed quantity, as compared to theoretical (or normal) values, calculated on the basis of number of plants per area unit.

Effect of NPK enrichment on growth, yield and quality traits in rice bean (Vigna umbellata)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Katoch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Rice Bean ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Vigna Umbellata ◽  
Tryptophan Content ◽  
Seed Yields

The genotypic response of the growth, yield and quality traits of rice bean [Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi] to NPK enrichment was studied in relation to different fertilizer treatments. The treatments consisted of three NPK levels, namely 0:0:0 (T0) control, 10:30:10 (T1) and 20:60:20 (T2) kg/ha. There were significant differences in plant height 115 days after sowing, days to maturity and tryptophan content (g/16 g N) in various rice bean genotypes with different fertilizer levels. Higher seed yields were recorded for the genotypes JCR-20(S), IC-140796, IC-019352 and JCR-152 as compared to the check variety (BRS-2). The fertilizer treatments significantly affected growth, yield and its contributing traits: plant height, number of pod clusters/plant, seeds/pod, seed yield/plot and total pods picked at maturity. Little variation was observed between the fertilizer treatments for the crude protein (%) and methionine (g/16 g N) contents, but significant variation in the tryptophan content was detected for genotype LRB-40-2. Seed yield and its contributing traits responded positively to the fertilizer treatments. Among the three fertilizer treatments tested in the experiment, the T2 treatment was found to be promising for increasing seed yield. Thus, it can be concluded from the study that the rice bean crop is responsive to fertilizers and that the application of optimal levels of NPK could enhance its productivity.

Narrow row cotton in the Namoi valley. 1. Growth, yield and quality of four cultivars

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (84) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Constable
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Fibre Strength ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Consistent Increase ◽  
Narrow Row ◽  
Crop Maturity

Field experiments were done in three successive seasons to determine the effects of cultivar and row spacing on growth, yield and quality of cotton. Narrow rows had a higher early season LAI than wide rows, but differences in LAI between row spacings disappeared by the peak flowering stage. Hopicala and Deltapine 16 had a higher LAI than Riverina Poplar and Super Okra M8. Narrow rows produced 28 per cent more fruiting points than wide rows, but this was not reflected as a consistent increase in yield, as fruit shedding was greater and boll size was smaller in narrow rows than in wide rows. Narrow rows yielded 44 per cent more than wide rows in 1972-73 but 7 per cent less in 1973-74 and 1 per cent less in 1974-75. Earlier crop maturity was obtained with narrow rows in all cultivars in 1974-75 and Hopicala only in 1972-73. Deltapine 16 and Super Okra M8 had the highest average yield at both row spacings, with Super Okra M8 having the highest yield at the first pick. No fibre properties were consistently affected by row spacing. Cultivar differences were as expected with the early maturing cultivar Riverina Poplar having the shortest fibres and the later maturing cultivar Hopicala having the greatest fibre strength.

scholarly journals Yield Response, Quality Traits, and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of a Burley Tobacco Crop Grown in Mediterranean Areas (Southern Italy) as Affected by Intensive N Management

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Maria Isabella Sifola ◽  
Ida Di Mola ◽  
Eugenio Cozzolino ◽  
Lucia Ottaiano ◽  
Gennaro Piccirillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Total N ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
N Management

Tobacco is an annual cash crop widely cultivated over the world, which generally needs great amounts (N) of nitrogen to achieve the best yield and quality. However, with a view to sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, also for this crop, the reduction in N fertilization is a priority, but without negatively affecting the yield and quality of the cured product. Therefore, field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2003 on light air-cured (Burley) tobacco at three different locations of the Campania region (Southern Italy) where high-quality light air-cured (Burley) tobacco is traditionally cultivated. At each location, the following six N fertilization treatments were compared with four replications (blocks): (i) a not fertilized control (N0); (ii) 50 kg N ha−1 (N50); 90 kg N ha−1 (N90); 130 kg N ha−1 (N130); 170 kg N ha−1 (N170); 210 kg N ha−1 (N210). The yield of cured leaves appeared positively influenced by N fertilization but not at a rate higher than 170 kg ha−1. N fertilization directly influenced nitrates and the total N content of cured leaves at all locations. The greater values of both parameters were reached at N130 or N90, respectively, at Vitulazio (CE), N170 at Bellizzi (SA), and N90 at San Giorgio del Sannio (BN). The fire holding capacity increased with N fertilization up to N170 treatment (12–13 s at CE and BN but just 8 s at SA). L* (brightness) decreased with increasing N fertilization giving cured leaves less bright and opaquer. The a/b ratio (a*, green/red; b*, blue/yellow) increased with N treatments producing cured leaves of dark hazelnut. The best scores were assigned to cured products obtained by plants fertilized with 170 kg N ha−1. N-use efficiencies were negatively influenced by N fertilization. The best NUE and N-uptake efficiency was recorded in 2002 at Vitulazio (CE), in spite of a higher NO3-N before N fertilization than other locations.

Seeding date, row spacing, and weed effects on soybean isoflavone concentrations and other seed characteristics

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Al-Tawaha ◽  
P. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Soybean Isoflavone ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Isoflavone Concentration ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Seed Characteristics

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain isoflavones that may have positive impacts on human health. Field experiments were conducted in 2003/2004 in Québec, Canada to determine the effects of seeding date (late May and mid-June), row spacing (20-, 40- and 60-cm) and weeds (presence or absence) on soybean isoflavone concentrations and isoflavone yield. Total and individual isoflavone concentrations were determined by HPLC. Seed yield, and oil and crude protein (CP) concentrations were concurrently determined. Year, seeding date, and weeds affected total and individual isoflavone concentrations, while row spacing had no effect. Total isoflavone concentration was 84% greater in 2003 than 2004. Seeding in mid-June increased isoflavone concentration by 38%, compared with seed ing in May. The presence of weeds increased total isoflavone concentration by 9%. Year, row spacing, and weeds significantly affected seed yields. Seed yields were greatest in 2004, at 20- or 40-cm row spacing, and in the absence of weeds. Seeding date affected CP and oil concentrations. Greater CP concentration was observed with earlier seeding, the reverse was observed for oil. Weeds also affected CP and oil concentrations: higher CP and oil concentrations were observed in weedy and weed-free plots, respectively. Total isoflavone yield was affected by all factors evaluated. Isoflavone yield was greater in 2003 than 2004, with mid-June rather than late May seeding, when seeded at row spacing of 20- or 40- than 60-cm, and without weeds. Finally, negative correlations were observed between isoflavone concentrations and CP concentration and seed yield. It thus seems that certain agronomic practices may need to be tailored specifically to isoflavone production if concentrations in soybean are to be maximized. The negative correlations observed between isoflavone concentrations and other important seed characteristics warrant further research. Key words: Soybean, isoflavone, daidzein, genistein, glycitein, protein, oil, seed yield, weeds, row spacing, seeding date

Improving grain yield and quality traits of oats in northern growing conditions

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Peltonen-Sainio ◽  
Jari Peltonen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Fiber Concentration ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality ◽  
Growing Conditions

This study on 29 oat cultivars and breeding lines (Avena sativa L.), evaluates the correlations of grain yield and 13 morpho-physiological traits — characteristics such as maturity class and architecture of the oat stand, with grain quality properties such as grain protein concentration, protein quality, crude fat concentration, fiber concentration, and husk content. Field experiments were conducted in two contrasting growing seasons, 1988 and 1989.Under northern growing conditions high yielding ability was not associated with lower quality traits, but grain yield correlated positively with fat concentration, and negatively with both fiber concentration and husk content. In addition, there was no association between grain yield and protein concentration. Closer examination indicated that earliness, one of the most important traits of oats in northern growing conditions, correlated negatively with fat and grain protein concentration and positively with fiber concentration, thereby limiting both grain yield and quality performance. On the basis of this study, selection for productive oat ideotype does not necessarily lead to cultivars with weakened quality properties. Key words: Avena sativa, ideotype, productivity, grain quality, northern growing conditons

scholarly journals Influence of row spacing on herb yield of common chamomile (Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rausch.) as well as seed yield and quality

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Surmacz-Magdziak
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Germination Capacity ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Herb Yield ◽  
Number Of Branches

The experiment consisted of three single row spacings (every 25, 40 and 50 cm) and four double and triple row spacings (40-25-40 cm, 40-25-25-40 cm, 50-25-50 cm, 50-25-25- 50 cm). The aim of the present experiment was to compare the influence of varying spacing on yields and quality of chamomile seeds. Among the row spacings under comparison, the highest seed and herb yields were achieved from the triple row spacing. 1000-seed weight was proportional to seed yield, and the seed germination capacity was not differentiated due to row spacings used. Plants growing in single rows every 25 cm formed the lowest number of branches terminated by flower heads, thus the herb and seed yields were the lowest.

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