Root traits and cellular level tolerance hold the key in maintaining higher spikelet fertility of rice under water limited conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bheemanahalli R. Raju ◽  
Beerasandra R. Narayanaswamy ◽  
Malagondanahalli V. Mohankumar ◽  
Kambalimath K. Sumanth ◽  
Mavinahalli P. Rajanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Major Factors

Reduced spikelet fertility appears to be one of the major factors responsible for the decreased rice grain yield when cultivated under semi irrigated aerobic condition. We demonstrate that genotypes with better root systems coupled with higher cellular level tolerance (CLT) can significantly improve spikelet fertility under semi-irrigated aerobic condition in the field. A set of 20 contrasting rice accessions differing in root traits and CLT with significant molecular diversity were subjected to specific soil moisture regimes during a period between five days before and 10 days after anthesis. Lowest spikelet fertility was observed among the plants grown under water limited (WL) conditions followed by the plants grown aerobically in field conditions (AF). Deep rooted genotypes generally maintained higher spikelet fertility under both WL and AF conditions. Furthermore, genotypes that had high roots biomass as well as high CLT recorded the lowest reduction in spikelet fertility under WL and AF compared with the low root and low CLT genotype. This study emphasised the relevance of combining water acquisition and CLT for improving field level tolerance of rice to water limitation. Such genotypes recorded significantly higher grain yield under stress as well as well watered conditions. The study led to the identification of promising trait donor genotypes which can be exploited in breeding to develop superior trait pyramided cultivars suitable for semi irrigated aerobic cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of Weather Parameters on Yield and Yield Attributes under Aerobic Rice Cultivation during Navarai Season

2020 ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
S. Pazhanisamy ◽  
Al. Narayanan ◽  
V. Sridevi ◽  
Abhinandan Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Aerobic Rice ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Correlation Studies ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

A field experiment was conducted during Navarai season of 2017 at research farm of Agronomy, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru College of Agriculture and Research Institute, Karaikal, Puducherry, India on investigate the performance of seed priming practices at different dates of sowing (February 6th, February 13th and February 20th) under aerobic condition. The results indicated that among the dates of sowing, crop sown on 6th February produced higher grain yield of 2591 kg ha-1. Correlation studies revealed that the direct weather parameters such as maximum and minimum temperature, rainfall, morning and evening relative humidity, total evaporation were significantly contributing to the rice grain yield and DMP. Similarly, the derived weather parameters viz., mean Diurnal Variation Temperature (DVT) total Growing Degree Day (GDD), total Helio Thermal Units (HTU), total Photo Thermal Units (PTU) and total Heat Unit Efficiency (HUE) were also significantly contributing to the rice grain yield. From the studyprovedthatthe sowing window February 6thto be more effective for realizing higher productivity of aerobic rice during Navarai season at Karaikal district of Puducherry.

scholarly journals CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AND GRAIN YIELD OF RICE FOR TIDAL SWAMP AREAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Hairmansis ◽  
Bambang Kustianto ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Development of rice varieties for tidal swamp areas is emphasized on the improvement of rice yield potential in specific environment. However, grain yield is a complex trait and highly dependent on the other agronomic characters; while information related to the relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield in the breeding program particularly for tidal swamp areas is very limited. The objective of this study was to investigate relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield of rice as a basis for selection of high yielding rice varieties for tidal swamp areas. Agronomic characters and grain yield of nine advanced rice breeding lines and two rice varieties were evaluated in a series of experiments in tidal swamp areas, Karang Agung Ulu Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, for four cropping seasons in dry season (DS) 2005, wet season (WS) 2005/2006, DS 2006, and DS 2007. Result from path analysis revealed that the following characters had positive direct effect on grain yield, i.e. number of productive tillers per hill (p = 0.356), number of filled grains per panicle (p = 0.544), and spikelet fertility (p = 0.215). Plant height had negative direct effect (p = -0.332) on grain yield, while maturity, number of spikelets per panicle, and 1000-grain weight showed negligible effect on rice grain yield. Present study suggests that indirect selection of high yielding tidal swamp rice can be done by selecting breeding lines which have many product tive tillers, dense filled grains, and high spikelet fertility.</p>

scholarly journals Root Traits Enhancing Rice Grain Yield under Alternate Wetting and Drying Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitika Sandhu ◽  
Sushil R. Subedi ◽  
Ram B. Yadaw ◽  
Bedanand Chaudhary ◽  
Hari Prasai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Drying Condition

scholarly journals CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS AND GRAIN YIELD OF RICE FOR TIDAL SWAMP AREAS

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aris Hairmansis ◽  
Bambang Kustianto ◽  
Suwarno Suwarno
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Tidal Swamp ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Development of rice varieties for tidal swamp areas is emphasized on the improvement of rice yield potential in specific environment. However, grain yield is a complex trait and highly dependent on the other agronomic characters; while information related to the relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield in the breeding program particularly for tidal swamp areas is very limited. The objective of this study was to investigate relationship between agronomic characters and grain yield of rice as a basis for selection of high yielding rice varieties for tidal swamp areas. Agronomic characters and grain yield of nine advanced rice breeding lines and two rice varieties were evaluated in a series of experiments in tidal swamp areas, Karang Agung Ulu Village, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, for four cropping seasons in dry season (DS) 2005, wet season (WS) 2005/2006, DS 2006, and DS 2007. Result from path analysis revealed that the following characters had positive direct effect on grain yield, i.e. number of productive tillers per hill (p = 0.356), number of filled grains per panicle (p = 0.544), and spikelet fertility (p = 0.215). Plant height had negative direct effect (p = -0.332) on grain yield, while maturity, number of spikelets per panicle, and 1000-grain weight showed negligible effect on rice grain yield. Present study suggests that indirect selection of high yielding tidal swamp rice can be done by selecting breeding lines which have many product tive tillers, dense filled grains, and high spikelet fertility.</p>

scholarly journals Early Season Drought Largely Reduces Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars with Smaller Root Systems

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Figueroa-Bustos ◽  
Jairo A. Palta ◽  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
Kadambot H.M. Siddique
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root System ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Better Than

In the Australian grainbelt, early winter rainfall has declined during the last 30 years, and farmers sow their crops dry, increasing the risk of early season drought. This study aimed to examine whether differences in the root systems were associated with tolerance to early season drought. Three wheat cultivars with different root systems were grown in 1 m columns in a glasshouse. Immediately after sowing in dry soil, 440 mL water (equivalent to 25 mm rainfall) was supplied to each column, and no water was added to induce the early-season drought for the next 30 days. Shoot and root traits were measured at the end of the early season drought, anthesis and at maturity, respectively. The restricted water supply reduced Ψleaf, stomatal conductance, leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot and root biomass. Early season drought delayed phenology in all cultivars, but there was recovery of root and shoot biomass at anthesis in all three cultivars. Leaf area and shoot biomass at anthesis in Bahatans-87 (large root system) recovered better than Tincurrin (small root system). At maturity, early season drought reduced grain yield more in Tincurrin than Bahatans-87. The slow phenology of Bahatans-87 allowed greater recovery after the drought in leaf area and shoot biomass, which may explain the smaller reduction in grain yield after early season drought.

Yield of upland rice cultivars in rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated systems in the Cerrado region of Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. C. Crusciol ◽  
R. P. Soratto ◽  
O. Arf ◽  
G. P. Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Split Plot

In upland rice, the reduced grain yield that originates from the moisture stress period is related to the plant’s tolerance of water deficiency and may vary between cultivars. The purpose of the work presented here was to evaluate the performance of upland rice cultivars in both rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated systems. A split-plot scheme with 8 replicates in a randomised block design was used. The plots were composed of 2 cropping systems (rainfed and sprinkler-irrigated) and the split-plot consisted of 2 cultivars (IAC 201 and Carajás) which are suggested for cultivation in upland ecosystems. Carajás had a greater number of panicles per square metre, higher spikelet fertility and grain mass, and, consequently, a higher grain yield than IAC 201 regardless of cropping system. IAC 201 was more sensitive to water deficiency than Carajás. Sprinkler irrigation improved spikelet fertility, grain mass and upland rice grain yield. Even when cultivars with a higher tolerance of water deficiency are used, a sprinkler-irrigated system may be a viable method to increase upland rice yield throughout most of the Brazilian Cerrado.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Fortification for Rice Grain Yield and Nutrients Uptake Enhancement

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 584
Author(s):  
Omnia M. Elshayb ◽  
Khaled Y. Farroh ◽  
Heba E. Amin ◽  
Ayman M. Atta
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Agriculture Sector

Applications of metal oxide nanoparticles in the agriculture sector are being extensively included as the materials are considered superior. In the present work, zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), with a developing fertilizer, is applied in the fortification of rice grain yield and nutrient uptake enhancement. To evaluate the role of ZnO NP, two field experiments were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. ZnO NPs were small, nearly spherical, and their sizes equal to 31.4 nm, as proved via the dynamic light scattering technique. ZnO NPs were applied as a fertilizer in different concentrations, varying between 20 and 60 mg/L as a foliar spray. The mixture of ZnSO4 and ZnO NP40 ameliorated yield component and nutrients (N, K, and Zn) uptake was enhanced compared to traditional ZnSO4 treatment. Nevertheless, the uptake of the phosphorous element (P) was adversely affected by the treatment of ZnO NPs. Thus, treatment via utilizing ZnO NPs as a foliar with a very small amount (40 ppm) with of basal ZnSO4 led to a good improvement in agronomic and physiological features; eventually, higher yield and nutrient-enriched rice grain were obtained.

Red Rice (Oryza sativa) Control in Drill-Seeded Rice (O. sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 703-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amadou Diarra ◽  
Roy J. Smith ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Culm Density ◽  
High Yields

Field experiments were conducted to investigate methods of controlling red rice (Oryza sativaL. ♯ ORYSA) in drill-seeded rice (O. sativa). Treatments included the rice cultivar ‘Mars', coated with calcium peroxide (CaO2) at 40% (w/w) and a crop protectant, R-33865 (O,O-diethyl-O-phenyl phosphorothioate) at 0.5 and 1% (v/w). Molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate) at 6.7 kg ai/ha was applied preplant incorporated (ppi). The land was flooded (2.5 to 5 cm deep) after seeding with rice (100 kg/ha, 2.5 cm deep), and the water was maintained throughout the growing season. CaO2, with or without molinate, increased rice grain yield 50% and increased rice culm density fivefold above untreated rice. Molinate applied ppi controlled 96% of the red rice. Rice seed coated with only CaO2or with CaO2plus R-33865 at 0.5%, each combined with ppi molinate, produced 5690 and 6030 kg/ha of grain, respectively. These high yields were associated with red rice control by molinate and good stands of rice provided by O2supplied by CaO2. R-33865 applied to rice seed at 1% (v/w) injured rice by reducing rice culm densities 41%, compared with rice without protectant.

Benefits of controlled-release/stable fertilizers plus biochar for rice grain yield and nitrogen utilization under alternating wet and dry irrigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 126338
Author(s):  
Xiaochuang Cao ◽  
Ling Yuan ◽  
Xiaoxia Liu ◽  
Lianfeng Zhu ◽  
Chunquan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Rice Grain
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