Development of a diurnal dehydration index for spring barley phenotyping

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Rischbeck ◽  
Peter Baresel ◽  
Salah Elsayed ◽  
Bodo Mistele ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Angle Distribution

Spectral and thermal assessments may enable the precise, high-throughput and low-cost characterisation of traits linked to drought tolerance. However, spectral and thermal measurements of the canopy water status are influenced by the crops’ soil coverage, the size of the biomass and other properties such as the leaf angle distribution. The aim of this study was to develop a referenced spectral method that would be minimally influenced by potentially perturbing factors for retrieving the water status of differing cultivars. Sixteen spring barley cultivars were grown in field trials under imposed drought stress, natural drought stress and irrigated conditions. The relative leaf water content of barley plants declines diurnally from pre-dawn until the afternoon, and other plant traits such as the biomass change little throughout the day. As an indicator of the current drought stress, pre-dawn and afternoon values of the relative leaf water content were assessed spectrally. Diurnal changes in reflectance are only slightly influenced by other perturbing factors. A new spectral index (diurnal dehydration index) was developed by using the wavelengths 730 and 457 nm collected from an active spectrometer. This index allowed the differentiation of the drought tolerance of barley plants. The diurnal dehydration index was significantly related to final biomass, grain yield and harvest index and significantly different between cultivars. Compared with other indices, the diurnal dehydration index offered a higher stability in retrieving the water status of barley plants. Due to its diurnal assessment, the index was barely influenced by the differences in cultivars biomass at the time of measurement. It may represent a valuable tool for assessing the water status or drought tolerance in breeding nurseries.

scholarly journals Capability of leaf water content and its threshold values in reflection of soil–plant water status in maize during prolonged drought

2021 ◽  
Vol 124 ◽  
pp. 107395
Author(s):  
Huailin Zhou ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Qijin He ◽  
Li Zhou ◽  
Yuhe Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Prolonged Drought

scholarly journals DEHYDRIN PROFILES OF SOME IRANIAN MELON VARIETIES (Cucumis melo L. Merr) UNDER DROUGHT STRE SS CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Alireza Motallebi-Azar ◽  
István Papp ◽  
Anita Szegő
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Relative Water

Dehydrins are proteins that play a role in the mechanism of drought tolerance. This study aimed at establishing dehydrin profile and accumulation in four local melon varieties of Iran: Mino, Dargazi, Saveii, and Semsori, as well as in a commercial variety Honeydew. Plants were treated with drought stress by adjusting the soil water content to 75, 50, 40, 30 and 20% of field capacity (FC) by withholding water. Water status of plants was monitored based on the seedling fresh weight (FW) and relative water content of leaves (RWC). Total protein content was extracted, then heat-stable protein (HSP) fraction was isolated for each variety and water stress treatment. After SDS-PAGE of HSP, Western blotting analysis was carried out with Anti-dehydrin rabbit (primary) and Goat anti rabbit (secondary) antibodies. ANOVA results showed that with decreasing FC below 75%, FW and RWC decreased, but these changes significantly varied among genotypes. On the basis of FW and RWC data under different drought stress treatments, the following drought-tolerant ranking was established: Mino > Dargazi > Saveii and Honeydew > Semsori, from tolerant to sensitive order. Results of Western blot analysis showed that expression of some proteins with molecular weights of 19–52 kDa was induced in the studied varieties under drought stress (% FC). Expression level of the dehydrin proteins in different varieties was variable and also depending on the drought stress level applied. However, dehydrin proteins (45 and 50 kDa) showed strong expression levels in all varieties under severe drought stress (20% FC). The abundance of dehydrin proteins was higher in tolerant varieties (Mino and Dargazi) than in moderate and drought sensitive genotypes. Consequently, dehydrins represent a potential marker for selection of genotypes with enhanced drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Silicon Application Increases Drought Tolerance of Kentucky Bluegrass by Improving Plant Water Relations and Morphophysiological Functions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Saud ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yang Chen ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Shah Fahad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Plant Water Relations ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Turf Quality

Drought stress encumbers the growth of turfgrass principally by disrupting the plant-water relations and physiological functions. The present study was carried out to appraise the role of silicon (Si) in improving the drought tolerance in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensisL.). Drought stress and four levels (0, 200, 400, and 800 mg L−1) of Si (Na2SiO3·9H2O) were imposed after 2 months old plants cultured under glasshouse conditions. Drought stress was found to decrease the photosynthesis, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water content, relative growth rate, water use efficiency, and turf quality, but to increase in the root/shoot and leaf carbon/nitrogen ratio. Such physiological interferences, disturbances in plant water relations, and visually noticeable growth reductions in Kentucky bluegrass were significantly alleviated by the addition of Si after drought stress. For example, Si application at 400 mg L−1significantly increased the net photosynthesis by 44%, leaf water contents by 33%, leaf green color by 42%, and turf quality by 44% after 20 days of drought stress. Si application proved beneficial in improving the performance of Kentucky bluegrass in the present study suggesting that manipulation of endogenous Si through genetic or biotechnological means may result in the development of drought resistance in grasses.

scholarly journals Drought Effects on Growth, Water Content, and Organic Osmoprotectants in Promising Almond Genotypes with Different Drought Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Gohari ◽  
Ali Imani ◽  
AliReza Talaei ◽  
Vahid Abdossi ◽  
Mohamad Reza Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Severe Stress ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
Genotype A

Abstract Background Almonds ( Prunus amygdalus Batsch, syn. P. dulcis (Mill.) DA Webb) is a valuable nut crops species that is widely is cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, due to drought tolerance and dehydration under drought stress. Almonds show physiological adaptations for survival in drought stress conditions, but the degree Drought adaptation varies between cultivars. However, to date, its morphological and physiological responses to drought, and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. This study was aimed to investigate the morphological and physiological changes of almond genotypes under drought stress. almond genotypes were planted in pots and subjected to four levels of soil water treatments: above 80% (control), 60% (light stress), and 40% (severe stress) of field capacity. Results Within the total stress period (0–30 days), almond genotypes grew rapidly in the light stress, whereas severe stress had a negative impact on growth. So that, in this study, 10 selected almond genotypes using some morphological traits such as: plant height, trunk diameter at the top of the graft, new branch growth length, leaf yellowness and some physiological indicators under drought stress conditions such as Chlorophyll index was evaluated based on SPAD criterion, relative leaf water content, measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence and Organic Osmoprotectants to identify drought-resistant and sensitive genotypes under drought stress conditions. Among the selected genotypes studied, genotype A-7-100 was the most resistant and genotype A-124-1 was the most sensitive to drought stress. Conclusions Our results show that almond genotypes adapt to drought mainly by avoidance mechanisms, and its morphological and physiological characteristics are inhibited under severe stress, However, the degree of drought adaptation varies between different cultivars. These findings might help limited water resources to be fully used for increased the percentage of kernel and finally increased the growth and yield of plants under water stress.

scholarly journals Physiological Effects of Drought Stress on Two Commercial Cultivars of the American Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 772A-772
Author(s):  
Ricardo Cesped-Ruiz* ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Psii Efficiency ◽  
American Cranberry ◽  
Effects Of Drought

The American cranberry often undergoes drought stress during the summer. However, the physiological response of this species to drought is not well understood. This study was designed to determine the effects of drought on two commercial cranberry cultivars of high potential yield, `Ben Lear' and `Stevens', during a vegetative stage. The plants were subjected to drought for 15 days in a greenhouse. Soil water content, leaf water content, leaf photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration, differential leaf-air temperature, photochemical efficiency (Fv'/Fm') and the actual PSII efficiency (deltaF/Fm') decreased in those plants subjected to drought. Drought reduced differential leaf-air temperature at day 6 of treatment and stomatal conductance and transpiration starting at day 9 and photosynthetic rate at day 13. Drought decreased leaf water content at day 14 and Fv'/Fm' and PSII efficiency at day 15. Our results indicated that cranberry plants in vegetative stage were sensitive to drought for both cultivars and stomatal conductance was the most sensitive parameter among those examined for both cultivars.

scholarly journals Osmotic Potential, Sucrose Level, and Activity of Sucrose Metabolic Enzymes in Tall Fescue in Response to Deficit Irrigation

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinmin Fu ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Jack Fry
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sucrose Level

Effects of deficit irrigation applied to home lawns, used as means of water conservation, are an important issue. However, the impact of deficit irrigation on sucrose metabolism in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is unknown and important because sucrose is the dominant form of carbohydrate transported to developing plant organs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on leaf water content, osmotic potential (ψS), sucrose level, and the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS; EC 2.4.1.14), sucrose synthase (SS; EC 2.4.1.13), and acid invertase (AI; EC 3.2.1.26) in tall fescue leaves. Sods of ‘Falcon II’ tall fescue were established in polyvinylchloride (PVC) tubes (10 cm diameter × 40 cm long) filled with a mixture of sand and fritted clay [9:1 (v:v)] and then placed in growth chambers. Reference evapotranspiration rate [ETo (millimeters of water per day)] was determined by weighing the PVC tubes containing well-watered turfgrass every 3 days to determine water loss on a daily basis as ETo. Deficit irrigation treatments were applied as follows: well-watered control, mild drought stress (60% ETo), and severe drought stress (20% ETo). Leaf water content was lower at 6, 12, and 20 days of treatment for the 20% ETo treatment and 20 days after treatment began for the 60% ETo treatment. Compared with the well-watered control, ψS was lower in the 60% ETo treatment on all three measurement dates. Sucrose was higher at 8 and 14 days after treatment began in the 60% ETo treatment and on all three measurement dates in the 20% ETo treatment relative to the well-watered control. No difference in sucrose level was observed between the 20% ETo and 60% ETo irrigation regimes at 8 and 14 days of treatment. Beginning 14 days after treatment, tall fescue had a higher level of SPS in the 60% ETo and 20% ETo treatments compared with the well-watered treatment. Tall fescue receiving 60% or 20% ETo had a lower level of AI activity on all measurement dates. Results suggest that the decrease in ψS was accompanied by higher sucrose levels, which were the result of the increased level of SPS and SS activity and a decline in AI activity.

scholarly journals Plant Water Status and Carbon Dioxide Exchange of Cotton Leaves

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Troughton
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Plant Water Status ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Exchange ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Free Atmosphere

The effect of plant water status on the diffusion of C02 in the gas and liquid phase in leaves of cotton plants was studied in a single leaf chamber under conditions of constant light level and temperature and when photosynthesis was limited by the CO2 supply. A controlled range of relative leaf water contents from 56 to 96% was obtained by varying root temperature from 6 to 30�C while the tops of the plants were -at a constant temperature. Decreasing water content resulted in an increase in the calculated leaf diffusive resistance and a decrease in CO2 exchange. Under the environmental conditions used, plant water status primarily affects C02 exchange by regulating stomatal aperture. The mesophyll resistance, which was estimated in air and in an oxygen-free atmosphere, did not vary with the relative leaf water content down to 75% but increased progressively as relative water content dropped from 75 to 56%.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Drought Stress Effects on Traditional and Modern Apple Cultivars

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Ines Mihaljević ◽  
Marija Viljevac Vuletić ◽  
Domagoj Šimić ◽  
Vesna Tomaš ◽  
Daniela Horvat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Commercial Cultivar ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Apple Cultivars

Genotype-dependent responses of apples to drought stress were evaluated between commercial and traditional apple cultivars. The results indicate different mechanisms of tolerance to investigated drought stress conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence induction (OJIP) parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, phenols and leaf water content (WC) were measured. The traditional cultivar “Crvenka” confirmed the best tolerance to a drought stress condition, presenting higher photosynthetic efficiency, higher leaf water content, higher levels of chlorophyll content and lower lipid peroxidation with greater membrane stability. The commercial cultivar “Golden Delicious Reinders” showed decreased water content in leaves, increased lipid peroxidation levels and photoinhibition. Considering all results, the commercial cultivar “Golden Delicious Reinders” was adversely affected by drought, while traditional cultivars exhibited better tolerance to drought stress.

scholarly journals Critical Leaf Water Content for Maize Photosynthesis under Drought Stress and Its Response to Rewatering

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7218
Author(s):  
Xingyang Song ◽  
Guangsheng Zhou ◽  
Qijin He
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stomatal Limitation ◽  
Jointing Stage ◽  
Maize Photosynthesis

Crop photosynthesis is closely related to leaf water content (LWC), and clarifying the LWC conditions at critical points in crop photosynthesis has great theoretical and practical value for accurately monitoring drought and providing early drought warnings. This experiment was conducted to study the response of LWC to drought and rewatering and to determine the LWC at which maize photosynthesis reaches a maximum and minimum and thus changes from a state of stomatal limitation (SL) to non-stomatal limitation (NSL). The effects of rehydration were different after different levels of drought stress intensity at different growth stages, and the maize LWC recovered after rewatering following different drought stresses at the jointing stage; however, the maize LWC recovered more slowly after rewatering following 43 days and 36 days of drought stress at the tasselling and silking stages, respectively. The LWC when maize photosynthesis changed from SL to NSL was 75.4% ± 0.38%, implying that the maize became rehydrated under physiologically impaired conditions. The LWCs at which the maize Vcmax25 reached maximum values and zero differed between the drought and rewatering periods. After exposure to drought stress, the maize exhibited enhanced drought stress tolerance, an obviously reduced suitable water range, and significantly weakened photosynthetic capacity. These results provide profound insight into the turning points in maize photosynthesis and their responses to drought and rewatering. They may also help to improve crop water management, which will be useful in coping with the increased frequency of drought and extreme weather events expected under global climate change.

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