scholarly journals Ageing badly: indicators of old-age structure in Australia and New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Yoram Barak ◽  
Shona Neehoff ◽  
Paul Glue
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
The Government ◽  
Index Ratio ◽  
Longevity Index

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONUntil 2050, Australia and New Zealand will experience continuing increase in the population aged >65 years. Studying differences in indicators of old-age structure between these countries can inform policymakers. AIMTo calculate and analyse indicators of old-age structure for Australia and New Zealand. METHODSFive indicators of old-age structure were calculated: centenarian ratio (number of centenarians per 100,000 people), longevity index (proportion of people aged ≥90 and ≥65 years in the population), longevity level (proportion of 80+/60+ years population), ageing tendency (proportion of people aged ≥60 years in the population) and centenarity index (ratio between the centenarians and the total population ≥90 years). RESULTSAll indicators of old-age structure demonstrated an advantageous ageing structure in Australia compared with New Zealand. In addition, the New Zealand Māori and Australian Aboriginal indicators of old-age structure demonstrated a significant disadvantage to these ethnic groups compared with the general population. DISCUSSIONPublic health policy needs to target ageing in New Zealand as a major goal in advancing the ‘Ageing Well’ policy advocated by the government.

Population forecast of Anhui province based on the GM(1,1) model

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Gao ◽  
Tianxiang Yao ◽  
Xiaoru Kang
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Population Forecast ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Grey Forecasting ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the population of Anhui province. The authors analyze the trend of the main demographic indicators. Design/methodology/approach On the basis of the main methods of statistics, this paper studies the tendency of the population of Anhui province. It mainly analyzes the sex structure and the age structure of the current population. Based on the GM(1,1) model, this paper forecasts the total population, the population sex structure, and the population age structure of Anhui province in the next ten years. Findings The results show that the total population was controlled well, but there have been many problems of the population structure, such as the aging population, high sex ratio, heavy social dependency burden, and the declining labor force. Social implications This paper forecasts the main indexes of the population of Anhui province and provides policy recommendations for the government and the relevant departments. Originality/value This paper utilizes data analysis method and the grey forecasting model to study the tendency of the population problems in Anhui province.

Assessment of Health Problems and Social Needs of Elderly in old age Homes of Biratnagar Metropolitan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Menuka Bhandari ◽  
Alweena Niroula ◽  
Shamila Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Nepal is also witnessing the expansion of life span and hence an enhancement in the population of the elderly. In Nepal, individuals over 60 years of age are considered elderly. According to the 2011 census of Nepal, there were 2.1 million elderly inhabitants, which constitute 8.1percent of the total population in the country. Pashupati Bridrashram the only one shelter for elderly people run by the government which was established in 1976 as the first residential facility for elders. This study was conducted to assess the health and social needs of elderlyresiding at Birateshwor Briddhashram and Mahila Jagriti Briddhashram Biratnagar. Descriptive cross sectional research design has been used to describe characteristics of apopulation. There are four registered old age home in Biratnagar Metropolitan City, amongthem only two were selected purposively. Non random sampling technique has been used in which Purposive Sampling method has been adopted. Both health and social needs we reassessed using semi-structured interview schedule which consisted of multiple response questionnaire. There were fifty-seven elders, only forty were selected purposively who can give their information, twenty-four females and sixteen males were selected for interview. Most of the elders came to old age home because of lack of own shelter, sixty percent elders have no any children; mostly they were widow or widower. Majority of them had vision (60 %), walking (46%), hearing problems (33 %) and minority (10 %) have inability problems in moving extremities, difficulty in talking. Only a few elders came there because of maltreatment by their family members. The study has suggested for establishment of health post or healthcare center, provision of ambulance to meet their health needs and importance of care taker to make their life easier, provision of television, kitchen garden, temple to meet their social and spiritual needs.

scholarly journals Three Economic Myths about Ageing: Participation, Immigration and Infrastructure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Murray
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Older People ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Successful Result ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Modern Era

Population ageing due to longevity is one of the greatest successes of the modern era. However, it is widely thought to dramatically reduce workforce participation and overall output resulting in significant economic costs.This widely held view is wrong. Ageing countries have higher economic growth and the improved health and longevity of older people increases their economic contributions.High immigration is also thought to combat population ageing and be a remedy for these non-existent costs of ageing.This is wrong. Low immigration can affect the age structure by helping to stabilise the population, but high immigration has almost no long-run effect besides increasing the total population level. This creates bigger problems in the future.It is also widely thought that simply investing in infrastructure will accommodate high immigration and population growth at little cost.This too is wrong.Diseconomies of scale are a feature of rapid infrastructure expansion due to (1) the need to retrofit built-up cities, (2) the dilution of irreplaceable natural resources, and (3) the scale of investment relative to the stock of infrastructure.This ageing-immigration-infrastructure story is wrong on all three of its major points. Population ageing should be seen as the successful result of improvements in medical and health practices that have improved longevity and fostered a long-lived and economically productive society.

scholarly journals Absolutely Positively Ageing: Positive ageing and volunteering in Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alice Clowes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
City Council ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Ageing ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Population ageing is a key development issue worldwide, and governments around the world are working to address the changing needs that accompany this demographic shift (Vos, Ocampo & Cortez, 2008). In New Zealand, the Government and the Wellington City Council have developed the Positive Ageing Strategy (2001) and the Positive Ageing Policy (2012) respectively in response to population ageing. Both the Strategy and the Policy pay particular attention to the importance of the continued social inclusion of older people in their communities. One of the ways that this inclusion is encouraged is through older people’s participation in voluntary activities.  This research explores the lived experiences of older people who volunteer in the Wellington region to understand the nature of the relationship between volunteering and positive ageing. The exploratory nature of the research necessitated a qualitative research design. Through semi-structured interviews with 12 members of the volunteer community I explored the underlying themes of this research project including motivations for participation in voluntary work, skills and knowledge brought to and developed through volunteering, challenges and barriers to participation in voluntary work, and the participants’ awareness of representations and stereotypes around ageing.  The research findings illustrate the complexities inherent in the relationship between volunteering and positive ageing and show how volunteering was used by the participants as a means to resist and challenge negative stereotypes and representations of ageing. There was a fine balance between the promotion of volunteering as one of a multitude of ways in which older people can participate in their communities and overstating the benefits of volunteering to individuals and their communities without revealing the potential challenges.</p>

scholarly journals Absolutely Positively Ageing: Positive ageing and volunteering in Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alice Clowes
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
City Council ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Ageing ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Population ageing is a key development issue worldwide, and governments around the world are working to address the changing needs that accompany this demographic shift (Vos, Ocampo & Cortez, 2008). In New Zealand, the Government and the Wellington City Council have developed the Positive Ageing Strategy (2001) and the Positive Ageing Policy (2012) respectively in response to population ageing. Both the Strategy and the Policy pay particular attention to the importance of the continued social inclusion of older people in their communities. One of the ways that this inclusion is encouraged is through older people’s participation in voluntary activities.  This research explores the lived experiences of older people who volunteer in the Wellington region to understand the nature of the relationship between volunteering and positive ageing. The exploratory nature of the research necessitated a qualitative research design. Through semi-structured interviews with 12 members of the volunteer community I explored the underlying themes of this research project including motivations for participation in voluntary work, skills and knowledge brought to and developed through volunteering, challenges and barriers to participation in voluntary work, and the participants’ awareness of representations and stereotypes around ageing.  The research findings illustrate the complexities inherent in the relationship between volunteering and positive ageing and show how volunteering was used by the participants as a means to resist and challenge negative stereotypes and representations of ageing. There was a fine balance between the promotion of volunteering as one of a multitude of ways in which older people can participate in their communities and overstating the benefits of volunteering to individuals and their communities without revealing the potential challenges.</p>

Aging of rural population in Yugoslavia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Jelena Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mass migration to urban areas constitutes the basic direct factor of the decline in rural population of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century. Due to the characteristic migration patterns by age and sex, they have had a substantial impact on the change in age structure of rural population towards rapid demographic ageing. By inducing decline in fertility and an increase in mortality, the newly formed age structure is increasingly becoming one of the basic factors to further decline in population, or even the major factor to rural depopulation in the majority of regions. The paper analyzes changes in age structure of rural population in the FR of Yugoslavia and across its republics and provinces during the period from 1961 to 1991. The conditions prevailing during the last census (1991) are particularly highlighted. The author points to distinct differences in ageing of urban versus rural populations, and considerable regional differences at the achieved level of demographic age. Based on the main demographic age indicators (the share of five-year and larger age groups, average age, ageing index and movement in major age-specific contingents), the author concludes that the process of population ageing had taken place in both rural and urban populations, but was more intensive in villages (higher share of the aged, higher index of ageing and higher average age) during the period under review. The author points to distinct ageing of rural population in all republics and provinces. It was most prominent in central Serbia and Vojvodina, while being quite slow in Kosovo and Metohia and recorded mainly in between the last two censuses (1981-1991). Likewise, Kosovo and Metohia constitute the only major region of Yugoslavia in which rural population in 1991 is still demographically younger than the population in urban settlements. Rural versus urban population ageing was much more intensive in other major regions of the country, both from the base and from the apex of the age pyramid. In view of the minimal differences in fertility and mortality levels by type of settlement (particularly in central Serbia and Vojvodina), the author argues that the inherited age structure constitutes the main cause of rapid acceleration in rural population ageing in low fertility regions.

Old Age Pensions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Mathieu Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
Demographic Challenges ◽  
Old Age Poverty ◽  
Future Outcomes ◽  
Social Security Benefits

This chapter gives an overview of the type of pension system existing in Europe. Contributive and redistributive systems are opposed but the chapter shows that pension systems are more often a mix of both. The chapter shows how these systems have been more or less effective in tackling old age poverty in most countries and it points to the main challenges that these systems are facing, namely population ageing and low labour-force participation. The major reforms that have been implemented to ensure future sustainability of pension systems are presented but a number of additional changes that should be implemented are discussed. The chapter also presents projections for future outcomes and the link between demographic challenges and social security benefits is highlighted.

Do expectations for post-retirement family and government support crowd out pre-retirement savings? Insights from the working-age population in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Nopphol Witvorapong ◽  
Yong Yoon ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Filial Piety ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Retirement Savings ◽  
Family Transfers ◽  
Retirement Expectations ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Government

Abstract Based on nationally representative data (N = 8,901), this study investigates the extent to which expectations for intra-family transfers and government assistance in old age impact the probability of saving for retirement among working-age individuals in Thailand. Results show that expectations for financial non-self-reliance and expectations that family support would constitute the most important source of old-age financial security reduce the probability that working-age individuals would save for retirement. Expectations for government support have no impact on average. Given that filial piety is weakening in Thailand, this study suggests that the government encourage pre-retirement savings more strongly.

scholarly journals Overview: The international group for indigenous health measurement and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Michele Connolly ◽  
Kalinda Griffiths ◽  
John Waldon ◽  
Malcolm King ◽  
Alexandra King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Health Measurement ◽  
Country Group ◽  
International Group ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

The International Group for Indigenous Health Measurement (IGIHM) is a 4-country group established to promote improvements in the collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of Indigenous health data, including the impact of COVID-19. This overview provides data on cases and deaths for the total population as well as the Indigenous populations of each country. Brief summaries of the impact are provided for Canada and New Zealand. The Overview is followed by. separate articles with more detailed discussion of the COVID-19 experience in Australia and the US.

Exploring a Hidden Epidemic: Drowning Among Adults Aged 65 Years and Older

2021 ◽  
pp. 089826432110147
Author(s):  
Tessa Clemens ◽  
Amy E. Peden ◽  
Richard C. Franklin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Drowning Prevention

Objectives: To explore trends in unintentional fatal drowning among older adults (65 years and older). Methods: Total population retrospective analysis of unintentional fatal drowning among people aged 65 years and older in Australia, Canada and New Zealand (2005–2014) was conducted. Results: 1459 older adults died. Rates ranged from 1.69 (Canada) to 2.20 (New Zealand) per 100,000. Trends in crude drowning rates were variable from year to year. A downward trend was observed in New Zealand (y = −.507ln(x) + 2.9918), with upward trends in Australia (y = .1056ln(x) + 1.5948) and Canada (y = .1489ln(x) + 1.4571). Population projections suggest high annual drowning deaths by 2050 in Australia (range: 120–190; 1.69–2.76/100,000) and Canada (range: 209–430; 1.78–3.66/100,000). Significant locations and activities associated with older adult drowning differed by country and age band. Conclusions: Drowning among older adults is a hidden epidemic claiming increasing lives as the population ages. Targeted drowning prevention strategies are urgently needed in Australia, Canada, New Zealand and other similar countries.

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