Aging of rural population in Yugoslavia

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 73-92
Author(s):  
Jelena Antonovic
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Rural And Urban

Mass migration to urban areas constitutes the basic direct factor of the decline in rural population of Yugoslavia in the second half of the 20th century. Due to the characteristic migration patterns by age and sex, they have had a substantial impact on the change in age structure of rural population towards rapid demographic ageing. By inducing decline in fertility and an increase in mortality, the newly formed age structure is increasingly becoming one of the basic factors to further decline in population, or even the major factor to rural depopulation in the majority of regions. The paper analyzes changes in age structure of rural population in the FR of Yugoslavia and across its republics and provinces during the period from 1961 to 1991. The conditions prevailing during the last census (1991) are particularly highlighted. The author points to distinct differences in ageing of urban versus rural populations, and considerable regional differences at the achieved level of demographic age. Based on the main demographic age indicators (the share of five-year and larger age groups, average age, ageing index and movement in major age-specific contingents), the author concludes that the process of population ageing had taken place in both rural and urban populations, but was more intensive in villages (higher share of the aged, higher index of ageing and higher average age) during the period under review. The author points to distinct ageing of rural population in all republics and provinces. It was most prominent in central Serbia and Vojvodina, while being quite slow in Kosovo and Metohia and recorded mainly in between the last two censuses (1981-1991). Likewise, Kosovo and Metohia constitute the only major region of Yugoslavia in which rural population in 1991 is still demographically younger than the population in urban settlements. Rural versus urban population ageing was much more intensive in other major regions of the country, both from the base and from the apex of the age pyramid. In view of the minimal differences in fertility and mortality levels by type of settlement (particularly in central Serbia and Vojvodina), the author argues that the inherited age structure constitutes the main cause of rapid acceleration in rural population ageing in low fertility regions.

scholarly journals The process of demographic ageing in Vojvodina and central Serbia during the last two decades of the 20th century

2006 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Vladimir Nikitovic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Human History ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Functional Relations ◽  
The World

After five decades of insufficient reproduction of Vojvodina?s and Central Serbia?s population, the process of demographic ageing, came into the focus of the broadest public at last. Current Serbia?s population (without Kosovo and Metohija?s population) belongs to the group of the oldest populations in the world according to a number of indicators of demographic change. Considering population ageing as a planetary process without precedent in the human history, we tried to point out the main features of its evolution regarding spatial implications on population living in this part of Europe. The evolution of the process of population ageing during the 1981-2002 period was considered through functional relations between specific age groups. It was ascertained that the process started its spreading over Vojvodina at first, but continued to spread over Central Serbia afterwards moving the pole of demographic ageing to that part of the country. Some specific centres of demographic ageing as well as the regions which are still demographically more vital than the others were located by the analysis at the municipality level.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE AND COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALNOURISHED CHILD BELOW 5 YEARS OF RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Jha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Status of nutrition reflects the status of health of a country. Infant and young child feeding practices are multidimensional and age specific. Inappropriate feeding practices and their consequences are major obstacles to sustainable socioeconomic development and poverty reduction. This study was a step to sort out various prevailing feeding practices and awareness status of the family of child in rural and urban areas of Bihar state among the age group of below 5 Years and their outcome. This study was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in PMCH (OPD and Indoor) Patna Bihar. Total number of participants in our study is 180 in the age group 0-5 years which was further divided into 3 groups according to their age each group (0-6, 6-24, and24-60months), had 60 participants. These groups were further equally divided on the basis of location rural and urban; these Subgroups were further divided into 2 equal subgroups according to sex. In this study variety of food given is 63% and 50% in urban and rural population respectively. It is revealed that population getting variety of food has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. This study has revealed that population getting nearly proper consistency and calories are only 53% and 41% in urban and rural areas respectively. Population getting nearly proper consistency and calories has significantly better outcome in nutritional status rather than population not getting it. Prevalent mode of feeding in children below 6 months in non exclusive BREAST feeding is bottle feeding in rural and urban areas. 42% and 50% of urban and rural population BOTTLE feed their children above 6 months respectively bottle feeding significantly affect the outcome i.e. the poor nutritional status as compared to the KATORI spoon feeding. Keywords: Healthy food, varieties of nutritional food intake, Breast feeding practices.

Finnish Firefighters’ Barriers to Volunteering

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Malinen ◽  
Teija Mankkinen
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Time Investment ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gender And Age

Although the need for emergency service volunteers is increasing internationally, it is challenging to attract and retain firefighters, who are highly trained and from whom sustained and potentially heavy time investment is required. To recruit and retain fire service volunteers, it is important to understand the barriers these volunteers face, and how these barriers relate to their attitudes and behavioral intentions. We surveyed 762 volunteer firefighters throughout Finland on these issues. Lack of time, conflict with work/school, and other work-related challenges were the most frequently reported barriers, and they were also rated as some of the most severe barriers. The number and severity of barriers were positively related to the volunteers’ absence and turnover intentions, and conflicts with family commitments. A higher number of reported barriers was also negatively related to volunteer satisfaction. No differences in barriers were found between rural and urban areas, or between gender and age groups. We discuss the findings in regard to relevant literature from other countries and conclude with practical implications.

Gender and sexual minorities

2019 ◽  
pp. 258-268
Author(s):  
Richard Bradlow ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Suraj Beloskar ◽  
Gurvinder Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Push And Pull

A person’s living environment can have substantial impact on his/her mental health due to a range of factors related to the environment. It has often been argued that urban settings are a hotpot of sociocultural evolutions that attract individuals from the gender and sexual minority (GSM) groups. This has led to migration from rural to urban areas and also from one urban area to another urban area. Various push and pull factors in both the rural and urban areas help GSM individuals decide in which direction to move. While rural areas present with challenges such as social isolation within a homophobic/transphobic environment, urban areas also have their own unique set of challenges for the GSM population. In this chapter, we focus on various factors in both rural and urban settings that impact on the mental health of GSM population.

Prevalence, Sex and Age Peculiarities of Chronic Heart Failure among Rural and Urban Population of the North-Ossetia-Alania

10.12737/7266 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Дедегкаева ◽  
T. Dedegkaeva ◽  
Астахова ◽  
Z. Astakhova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The North ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
North Ossetia

Chronic heart failure is one of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is known that the Russian epidemiological studies on the chronic heart failure are significantly different from the overseas, but at the same time it revealed differences between individual regions of the Russian Federation. A set of material was held on the basis of six medical institutions of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, selected as a result of the randomization. 688 families, including 1600 respondents aged from18 to 100 years of rural and urban population of North Ossetia-Alania, were examined. The diagnosis of chronic heart failure was verified on the basis of a standardized assessment of clinical symptoms used in the study of EPOCH- CHF. The prevalence of heart failure among the rural population of the North Ossetia-Alania was slightly higher and reached 14.4% , and 13.9 % in urban areas. Among both rural and urban popula-tion of the North Ossetia-Alania the prevalence of heart failure was high, more than a few times higher than international epidemiological studies and higher than epidemiological research data of EPOCH - CHF. Severe сhronic heart failure reached 3.8% in rural and 3.9 % in urban population of the entire representative sample. The prevalence of сhronic heart failure was 1.3 times higher in women than in men. Among younger age groups, the prevalence of heart failure was higher in men than in women.

scholarly journals Profil Epidemiologique De La Leishmaniose Cutanee Dans La Region Du Gharb- Maroc De 2006 À 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Aziz El Aasri ◽  
Alaoui Zakaria ◽  
Khadija El Kharrim ◽  
Driss Belghyti ◽  
Yassine Aqachmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
North West ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Leishmaniose Cutanée

Between 2006 and 2014, 439 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were recorded in the region of Gharb Chrarda Beni Hssen in the north-west of Morocco. With an annual incidence of 49.1 cases per year and a sex-ratio (M / F) of 0.71. The disease has affected all age groups. The most stricken population is children and young people between the ages of 6 months and 30 years with more than 60.26 % of cases. Therefore, Cutaneous leishmaniasis almost hits the rural and urban areas but with an uneven impact. It is higher in rural areas where they are registered with a percentage of 56.7% of cases in contrast to a percentage of 43.3% in urban areas.

Demographic Ageing of the Population in Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Mariana Mourgova
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Age Dependency ◽  
Demographic Ageing ◽  
Dependency Ratios ◽  
The World ◽  
Age Dependency Ratio ◽  
External Migration

Bulgaria is one of the most rapidly ageing countries in the world. The article examines the shift in the age structure of the population in Bulgaria in the period 1960-2014 as a result of the change in the main demographic factors – birth rate, death rate and external migration. The shift in some main measures of population ageing such as median age, dependency ratio and old age dependency ratio is presented and a comparison with some European countries is done. The results show that as a result of the decrease in birth rate, increased life expectancy and external migration, the age structure of the population of Bulgaria is changing and the proportion of the older people becomes higher while the proportion of the younger people decreases. The median age in Bulgaria is one of the highest and the dependency ratios are one of the lowest in Europe mainly due to the decrease in the birth rate

scholarly journals Tuberculosis: Studies on Role of Gender, Age and Drug Addiction in Eastern Part of India

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S Maiti ◽  
S Patra ◽  
D Nandi ◽  
B Bandyopadhyay ◽  
KC Mondal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Rural And Urban

Objectives: The objective of the present investigation was to determine the socioeconomic conditions, age and gender relations to tuberculosis with evaluation of drug (smoking/ alcohol) influences on it and correlate the clinical data to an animal experiment result of antioxidant system of drug treated male rats. Settings: The investigation was carried out in a rural and an urban part of Eastern India. Methodology: Acid-fast bacillus (AFB) staining of sputum was performed in rural Indpur (total human individuals 498, male 384) and urban area Kamarhati (total 1017, male 735) following WHO guidelines. Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and level of non-protein soluble thiol (NPSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in lung of rats exposed four weeks to nicotine (0.2 mg/kg s.c.) and/or ethanol (20% [w/v] at 3 g/kg orally). Results: Mean AFB score was greater in all age groups of Kamarhati. Smoking/ alcohol alone significantly and synergistically even in greater extent increased TB severity in both places, furthering it in backward classes. Drug treatment significantly increased MDA level and SOD activity with a decrease in NPSH level and catalase activity in rat. Conclusions: Males are greater sensitive to TB and urban area is affected more. Clinical findings paralleled with animal experiments pointing the disastrous consequences of nicotine. Up-gradation of socioeconomics in rural area, avoiding of reckless unscientific changes of demographic profile of a region, and minimization of pollutions in urban areas may diminish disease outbreak. Key words: Tuberculosis; Rural and urban; Risk factors; Antioxidant systems; Rat lung DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i2.4398SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(2) 1-9

scholarly journals The Contribution of Age Structure to the Number of Deaths from Covid-19 in the UK by Geographical Units

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hill Kulu ◽  
Peter Dorey
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Geographical Units

AbstractThis study investigates the contribution of population age structure to mortality from Covid-19 in the UK by geographical units. We project death rates at various spatial scales by applying data on age-specific fatality rates to the area’s population by age and sex. Our analysis shows a significant variation in the projected death rates between the constituent countries of the UK, between its regions and within regions. First, Scotland and Wales have higher projected fatality levels from Covid-19 than England, whereas Northern Ireland has lower rate. Second, the infection fatality rates are projected to be substantially higher in small towns and rural areas than those in large urban areas. Third, our analysis shows that within urban regions there are also ‘pockets’ of high projected death rates. Overall, the areas with high and low fatality rates tend to cluster because of the high residential separation of different population age-groups in the UK. Our analysis also reveals that the Welsh-, Gaelic- and Cornish-speaking communities with relatively old populations are likely to experience heavy population losses if the virus spreads widely across the UK.

scholarly journals Health status of the rural population in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bem ◽  
Paulina Ucieklak-Jeż
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the health of the elderly, living in rural areas of Poland. The analysis based on a survey “The health status of the Polish population” carried out by the Central Statistical Office (GUS). In order to assess the differences in the health status of the villagers and townsfolk’s we have examined the share of older people living in rural and urban areas in the structure of the whole population. We have also identified the measures of the health status. We have calculated, using the Sullivan method, the value of Healthy Life Expectancy, Disability Free Life Expectancy,.Chronic Disease Life for the Polish rural and urban elderly population. The study has shown, the villagers live shorter in good health (without disability and chronic diseases). Presented study allows to formulate the desirable directions of changes to improve the health status of rural population. This should lead to more effective health care in rural areas.

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