Phylogeny and distribution of the mayfly genus Austrophlebioides Campbell & Suter (Ephemeroptera:Leptophlebiidae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Christidis ◽  
John C. Dean
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Distributional Limits

The mayfly genus Austrophlebioides Campbell & Suter, 1988 is endemic to Australia and is widely distributed in eastern Australia and Tasmania. Here, the phylogenetic relationships among species of Austrophlebioides are investigated using cladistic analyses based on morphological characters of the nymph and adult, and the first phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus is presented. The results from the phylogenetic analyses support the recognition of three monophyletic species-groups: the ‘rieki’, ‘pusillus’ and ‘marchanti’ clades. The ‘pusillus’ clade is the sister-group to the ‘rieki’ clade, and the clade comprising these two groups is sister to the ‘marchanti’ clade. Minimal overlap was observed in the geographic distribution of the three Austrophlebioides clades. The ‘rieki’ clade is confined to the Wet Tropics bioregion of north-eastern Queensland. The ‘pusillus’ clade is distributed from central-eastern Queensland to Victoria. The ‘marchanti’ clade occurs in southern New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Distributional limits of the three clades correspond with the presence of recognised biogeographic barriers (Burdekin Gap, Hunter Valley and Bass Strait) suggesting that vicariance has been important in the differentiation of the group and in determining present-day distributions of species.

Extensive range contraction predicted under climate warming for a gliding mammal in north-eastern Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Fathimah Handayani ◽  
Ross L. Goldingay ◽  
Darren McHugh ◽  
Nicole Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Warming ◽  
New South ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Core Habitat ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
Future Warming ◽  
Petaurus Australis

We used MaxEnt to model the current distribution of the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) and to predict the likely shift in the species’ future distribution under climate-warming scenarios in the Wet Tropics (WT) Bioregion in north Queensland and in the South-eastern Queensland (SEQld) Bioregion, which encompasses south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales. Bioclimatic layers were used to generate models from 57 independent records in the WT and 428 records in SEQld. The modelled distribution of core habitat under current climate showed a good fit to the data, encompassing 91% and 88% of the records in each area, respectively. Modelling of future warming scenarios suggests that large contractions in distribution could occur in both bioregions. In the WT, 98% of core habitat is predicted to be lost under low warming (1°C increase) and 100% under high warming (2−3°C increase) by 2070. In SEQld, 80% of core habitat is predicted to be lost under low warming and 90% under high warming by 2070. These results suggest that this species is highly vulnerable to climate warming and highlight the importance of focusing conservation efforts at the bioregional scale. There is also a need to identify potential thermal refuges and ensure habitat connectivity.

Phylogenetic placement of the Australian Pharetis, gen. nov., and Spherita, gen. nov., in a revised classification of the circum-Antarctic Moriomorphini (Coleoptera : Carabidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
James K. Liebherr
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Southern South America ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

The carabid beetle tribe Moriomorphini attains a disjunct austral geographical distribution, with member taxa occupying Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, the Sundas, southern South America and Polynesia. The group arose in Australia, the area exhibiting the greatest generic diversity for the tribe. In this contribution, two new genera are added to the Australian fauna. Pharetis thayerae, gen. nov., sp. nov., is described from Grenvillia, New South Wales, and Spherita newtoni, gen. nov., sp. nov., is described from Avon Valley National Park, Western Australia. Their phylogenetic placement within the tribe is accomplished by parsimony analysis based on 208 morphological characters across 124 taxa, 114 in-group species and 10 outgroup taxa representing Trechini, Psydrini and Patrobini. Nearly all polytypic moriomorphine genera are represented in the analysis by at least two exemplars, allowing initial tests of generic monophyly. A revised classification is proposed for Moriomorphini, with subtribal clades related as (Amblytelina + (Moriomorphina + Tropopterina)). The Western Australian genus Spherita is placed as adelphotaxon to Sitaphe Moore, a genus restricted to tropical montane Queensland. From the phylogenetic analysis, other non-contemporaneous east–west Australian disjunctions can be inferred, as well as multiple trans-Tasman area relationships between eastern Australia and New Zealand, all proposed to be of Miocene age. Pharetis exhibits a disjunct, trans-Antarctic relationship with Tropopterus Solier, its sister-group, distributed in southern South America. Alternative vicariance-based and dispersal-based hypotheses are discussed for the origin of Tropopterus. A review of the taxonomic development of the tribe illustrates the signal importance of monotypic genera in elucidating biological diversity.

Generic concepts in Styphelieae (Ericaceae): the Cyathodes group

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Quinn ◽  
Elizabeth A. Brown ◽  
Margaret M. Heslewood ◽  
Darren M. Crayn
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
New Genera ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

Non-molecular and atpB−rbcL spacer sequence datasets for 38 taxa representing Cyathodes Labill. sensu lato and its relatives, together with several outgroups from Styphelieae, Oligarrheneae, Epacreae and Archerieae, were subjected to cladistic analyses. The monophyly of Cyathodes sensu Weiller, Leptecophylla Weiller, Lissanthe R.Br. sensu Crayn et al. and Planocarpa Weiller is supported. Cyathopsis Brongn. & Gris is expanded to include two other New Caledonian species, Styphelia violaceospicata (Guillaumin) McPherson and S. albicans (Brongn. & Gris) Sleumer. Androstoma Hook.f. is redefined to include Leucopogon milliganii (F.Muell.) Rodway. Leucopogon durus Benth. is transferred to Acrotriche R.Br. Two new genera are described: Acrothamnus C.J.Quinn, comprising at least five species in eastern Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and the Pacific; Agiortia C.J.Quinn, comprising three species in north-eastern New South Wales and south-eastern Queensland. Keys to the species of Acrothamnus, Agiortia, Androstoma and Cyathopsis are provided.

scholarly journals Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Labriocimbex sinicus, a new genus and new species of Cimbicidae (Hymenoptera) from China

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Yan ◽  
Gengyun Niu ◽  
Yaoyao Zhang ◽  
Qianying Ren ◽  
Shiyu Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
New Genus ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Trna Genes ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Link Type

Labriocimbex sinicus Yan & Wei gen. et sp. nov. of Cimbicidae is described. The new genus is similar to Praia Andre and Trichiosoma Leach. A key to extant Holarctic genera of Cimbicinae is provided. To identify the phylogenetic placement of Cimbicidae, the mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was annotated and characterized using high-throughput sequencing data. The complete mitochondrial genome of L. sinicus was obtained with a length of 15,405 bp (GenBank: MH136623; SRA: SRR8270383) and a typical set of 37 genes (22 tRNAs, 13 PCGs, and two rRNAs). The results demonstrated that all PCGs were initiated by ATN codon, and ended with TAA or T stop codons. The study reveals that all tRNA genes have a typical clover-leaf secondary structure, except for trnS1. Remarkably, the secondary structures of the rrnS and rrnL of L. sinicus were much different from those of Corynis lateralis. Phylogenetic analyses verified the monophyly and positions of the three Cimbicidae species within the superfamily Tenthredinoidea and demonstrated a relationship as (Tenthredinidae + Cimbicidae) + (Argidae + Pergidae) with strong nodal supports. Furthermore, we found that the generic relationships of Cimbicidae revealed by the phylogenetic analyses based on COI genes agree quite closely with the systematic arrangement of the genera based on the morphological characters. Phylogenetic tree based on two methods shows that L. sinicus is the sister group of Praia with high support values. We suggest that Labriocimbex belongs to the tribe Trichiosomini of Cimbicinae based on adult morphology and molecular data. Besides, we suggest to promote the subgenus Asitrichiosoma to be a valid genus.

scholarly journals Towards a phylogeny of the Metazoa: evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida, with a critical reappraisal of cladistic characters

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Jenner
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Data Matrices

This paper critically assesses all morphological cladistic analyses of the Metazoa that were published during the last one and a half decades. Molecular and total evidence analyses are also critically reviewed. This study focuses on evaluating alternative phylogenetic positions of the ‘acoelomate’ worms: Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida. This paper consists of two parts. In Part I, all recently proposed sister group hypotheses and the supporting synapomorphies for these phyla are evaluated. Discrepancies in the treatment of corresponding characters in different cladistic analyses are identified, and where possible, resolved. In Part II, the overall phylogenetic significance across the Metazoa of all characters relevant for placing the ‘acoelomate’ worms is examined. The coding and scoring of these characters for other phyla are evaluated, and uncertainties in our understanding are pointed out in order to guide future research. The characters discussed in this paper are broadly categorized as follows: epidermis and cuticle, reproduction and sexual condition, development, larval forms, coeloms and mesoderm source, nervous system and sensory organs, nephridia, musculature, digestive system, and miscellaneous characters. Competing phylogenetic hypotheses are compared in terms of several criteria: 1) taxon sampling and the fulfillment of domain of definition for each character; 2) character sampling; 3) character coding; 4) character scoring and quality of primary homology; 5) quality of the proposed diagnostic synapomorphies as secondary homologies. On the basis of this study I conclude that a sister group for the Platyhelminthes has not yet been unambiguously established. A clade minimally composed of Neotrochozoa (Mollusca, Sipuncula, Echiura, Annelida) emerges as the most likely sister group of the Nemertea on the basis of morphological and total evidence analyses. Finally, morphological data currrently favor a sister group relationship of Gnathostomulida and Syndermata (probably plus Micrognathozoa). In contrast, molecular or total evidence analyses have not identified a reliable sister group of Gnathostomulida.Further progress in our understanding of metazoan phylogeny crucially depends on the improvement of the quality of currently adopted cladistic data matrices. A thorough reassessment of many of the more than 70 morphological characters discussed here is necessary. Despite the recent compilation of comprehensive data matrices, the power to test competing hypotheses of higher-level metazoan relationships is critically compromised due to uncritical data selection and poor character study in even the most recently published cladistic analyses.

Monogenoidean parasites of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Characiformes: Acestrorhynchidae) from Pará, Brazil: species of Diaphorocleidus and Rhinoxenoides n. gen. (Monogenoidea: Dactylogyridae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-219
Author(s):  
J.F. Santos Neto ◽  
N.G.S. Costa ◽  
G.B. Soares ◽  
M.V. Domingues
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Copulatory Organ ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ventral Anchor ◽  
Dorsal Anchor ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Group Relationships ◽  
One New Species

AbstractTwo new species of Diaphorocleidus and one new species of Rhinoxenoides n. gen. are described from the gills of Acestrorhynchus falcatus (Bloch) from rivers of north-eastern Pará, Brazil. Diaphorocleidus jaymedeloyolai n. sp. is characterized by a male copulatory organ (MCO) possessing three counterclockwise coils; similar anchors with subtriangular superficial roots; a ventral bar with posteromedial projection; and hooks of pairs 1, 4 and 7 approximately three times longer than hook pair 5. Diaphorocleidus sclerocolpus n. sp. differs from its congeners by a dual-branched accessory piece articulated with the MCO and a sclerotized tubular vagina with a bottle-shaped vestibule. Rhinoxenoides n. gen. is proposed and is characterized by possessing: MCO sclerotized with clockwise coils; an accessory piece articulated to the base of MCO; a sinistroventral vaginal aperture; ventral anchor with conspicuous roots; dorsal anchor with superficial root five times longer than deep root; and absence of dorsal bar. The proposal of Rhinoxenoides n. gen. is also supported by its phylogenetic relationship with Protorhinoxenus prochilodi and species of Rhinoxenus, using 16 morphological characters, which resulted in the following hypothesis of sister-group relationships: Rhinoxenoides n. gen. [Protorhinoxenus (Rhinoxenus curimatae (R. nyttus (R. bulbovaginatus (R. guianensis, R. piranhus, R. euryxenus (R. arietinus, R. anaclaudiae)))))].

Estimating brush-tailed rock-wallaby population size using individual animal recognition

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Karl Vernes ◽  
Stuart Green ◽  
Piers Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
New South ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Population Estimates ◽  
Individual Animal ◽  
Mark Recapture ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Estimate Population Size

We undertook surveys of brush-tailed rock-wallabies (Petrogale penicillata) at four colonies in Oxley Wild Rivers National Park, north-eastern New South Wales, with the aim of developing a technique based upon individual animal recognition that could be used to obtain robust population estimates for rock-wallaby colonies. We identified individuals on the basis of distinct morphological characters in each colony using visual observations, and used the data within a ‘mark–recapture’ (or sight–resight) framework to estimate population size. More than 37 h of observations were made over 10 sampling days between 18 May and 9 June 2010. We could identify 91.7% of all rock-wallabies that were independently sighted (143 of 156 sightings of 35 animals). A small percentage of animals could not be identified during a visit because they were seen only fleetingly, were in dense cover, or were partly obscured by rock. The number of new animals sighted and photographed declined sharply at the midpoint of the survey, and there was a corresponding increase in resighting of known individuals. Population estimates using the mark–recapture methodology were nearly identical to estimates of total animals seen, suggesting that this method was successful in obtaining a complete census of rock-wallabies in each colony.

Population ranges of Miniopterus schreibersii (Chiroptera) in south-eastern Australia

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Navigational Cues ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Western Victoria ◽  
South Eastern Australia

In south-eastern Australia banding of M. schreibersii has been concentrated in four areas: north-eastern New South Wales, south-eastern New South Wales, south-eastern Victoria, and south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. The present paper analyses 2083 reported movements. Only 17 of these are from one of the four areas to another with the longest movement being 810 miles. Biologically and geographically separate populations of M. schreibersii are recognized in both north-eastern and south-eastern New South Wales. Each population has its basis in dependence upon a specific nursery site which is used annually by nearly all adult females in that population. Boundaries of population ranges in New South Wales are considered to be prominent features of physiography (i.e. divides). Bats move between population ranges less often than they move within population ranges. This cannot be explained solely in terms of the distances separating roosts. Available movement records from Victoria and South Australia are consistent with the pattern described for New South Wales. Two biologically recognizable populations (i.e, different birth periods) occur in south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia but these may have overlapping ranges. Only one nursery colony of M. schreibersii is known from south-eastern Victoria. On present evidence it remains possible that the apparent integrity of the population associated with this nursery is merely a consequence of distance from other areas of banding activity. Detailed analyses of movements in bats may provide direct evidence as to the kinds of cues by which a given species navigates. Thus the physiographic basis described for population ranges in New South Wales is consistent with the view that M. schreibersii may orientate to waterways or divides or both. The probability that there are area differences in the subtlety or nature of navigational cues is implied by the different physiographic circumstances of south-western Victoria and south-eastern South Australia. It is suggested that knowledge of population range boundaries may aid planning of meaningful homing experiments.

scholarly journals Catchment modelling of sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loads with SedNet/ANNEX in the Tully - Murray basin

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Armour ◽  
L. R. Hateley ◽  
G. L. Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Biophysical Model ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Total N ◽  
Hill Slope ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wet Tropics ◽  
The Impact

A long-term, annual-average catchment biophysical model (SedNet/ANNEX) was used to calculate sediment, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loads in the Tully–Murray catchment of north-eastern Australia. A total of 119 000 t year–1 of suspended sediment, equivalent to 430 kg ha–1 year–1, was calculated to be exported to the Great Barrier Reef (GBR). Most of the sediment (64%) was generated from hill-slope erosion. The modelled load of dissolved inorganic N (1159 t year–1 or 4.2 kg N ha–1 year–1) was similar to that from other wet tropics catchments in Queensland with similar areas of sugarcane. Sugarcane produced 77% of this load. The annual loads of total N and total P were 2319 t and 244 t, respectively. Simulations (scenarios) were run to evaluate the impact of improved land management on pollutant loads to the GBR. A combination of improved cultivation and fertiliser management of sugarcane and bananas (99% of cropping land) and restoration of the most degraded riparian areas reduced sediment by 23 000 t year–1 (18%) and dissolved inorganic N by 286 t year–1 (25%). However, this reduction is much less than the reduction of 80% that may be needed in the catchment to meet target chlorophyll loads in the marine environment.

Phylogeny and biogeography of the South American subgenus Euschistus (Lycipta) Stål (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Carpocorini)

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Weiler ◽  
Augusto Ferrari ◽  
Jocelia Grazia
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Cladistic Analyses ◽  
Heteroptera Pentatomidae ◽  
Definition Of

Phylogenetic analyses of the 13 species of the subgenusLyciptabased on morphological characters were performed under equal and implied weighting, following the method of Mirande (2009). Species fromDichelops,Ladeaschistus,Proxys,Spinalanx,Euschistus(Euschistus) andEuschistus(Mitripus) were included as outgroups, and the tree rooted onCarpocoris. Sixty-five morphological characters were coded in the data matrix. The cladistic analyses did not recover the monophyly of the subgenusLycipta. A clade was supported based on characters of the pygophore and female ectodermal ducts strengthening a new definition ofEuschistus(Lycipta). One species,Euschistus monrosi, was excluded from the subgenus and transferred to the nominal subgenus.Euschistus(Lycipta) species are distributed in two Neotropical subregions: Brazilian (Pará, Rondônia and Yungas provinces) and Chacoan (Pampean, Atlantic, Parana andAraucariaForests and Puna provinces). Biogeographical analyses of spatial vicariance were performed employing different sets of parameters and allowed to identify five disjunctions nodes.

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