Phylogeny of the Serpula - Crucigera - Hydroides clade (Serpulidae:Annelida) using molecular and morphological data: implications for operculum evolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Kupriyanova ◽  
R. Bastida-Zavala ◽  
M. N. Halt ◽  
M. S. Y. Lee ◽  
G. W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status

The type genus of Serpulidae, Serpula Linnaeus, 1758, along with closely related genera Crucigera Benedict, 1887 and Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768, accounts for approximately one-third of all described species in the family. Although previous morphological and molecular studies unequivocally indicate that these three genera constitute a monophyletic group, the status of each genus remains unknown. In this study, the relationships among and within the genera Serpula, Crucigera, and Hydroides were investigated using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nuclear (18S and 28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (cytochrome b) genomic molecular markers plus morphology. The phylogeny supports the monophyly of Hydroides, but Serpula forms a paraphyletic basal grade and Crucigera is polyphyletic. The lack of close relationship between Hydroides and Crucigera indicates that their similar opercular features are not homologous.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Middle Eastern geckos of the genus Cyrtopodion and their selected relatives

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1931 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN ČERVENKA ◽  
LUKÁŠ KRATOCHVÍL ◽  
DANIEL FRYNTA
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Eastern Species

Representatives of the gekkonid genus Cyrtopodion and related genera form a highly diversified group of Palearctic geckos, whose taxonomy is still unstable and phylogeny little known. This study tries to improve this situation by attempting to reconstruct the phylogeny based on two molecular markers (partial sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b and 12S rRNA genes) in the Middle Eastern species of the genus Cyrtopodion and members of the genera Agamura and Bunopus. The results support the monophyly of the species groups within the genus Cyrtopodion as defined by Anderson (1999), but relationships between these groups remain largely unresolved. The kotschyi group (= subgenus Mediodactylus) is not closely related to the rest of the genus Cyrtopodion and should be treated as an autonomous genus. Agamura persica forms a monophyletic group with agamuroides + caspium + scabrum species groups. The genus Bunopus does not seem to be closely related to this clade. We briefly discuss the implications of our findings and stress the importance of further molecular studies in Palearctic geckos.

Selected Ordovician Trilobites from the Lake St. John District of Quebec and Their Bearing on Systematics

1995 ◽  
Vol 69 (S42) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre J. Lespérance ◽  
Sylvain Desbiens
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Minimal Length ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status

The thorax of Hypodicranotus has ten segments and a spine on the eighth. The ages of Erratencrinurus s.l. spicatus and Erratencrinurus (Erratencrinurus?) vigilans in the Lake St. John district do not confirm their temporal roles leading to subgenera of Erratencrinurus, as has been recently suggested. Phylogenetic analyses of large data sets of species previously referred to Encrinuroides and Physemataspis yield a minimal length cladogram containing 18 species. Encrinuroides is restricted to four species, two of which have biogeographic affinities with Iapetus. These results lead to three clades, named the Walencrinuroides n. gen. clade, Frencrinuroides n. gen. clade, and finally the Physemataspis clade, with an enlarged concept of the genus with the erection of Physemataspis (Prophysemataspis) n. subgen. These last three clades are restricted to North America and Scotland, with alternating predominance of one region. Walencrinuroides s.l. gelaisi n. gen. n. sp. is described. New morphological data on Erratencrinurus s.l. spicatus confirm its close relationship with the clades discussed above. Data are insufficient for phylogenetic analysis of selected cheirurine species here surveyed. Eye position, glabellar segmentation, and pygidial shape differentiate the genera Ceraurus and Gabriceraurus; emended diagnoses of these genera are presented. Ceraurus globulobatus and C. matranseris are distinct, but morphologically close to one another. The status of Gabriceraurus dentatus can be stabilized on its extant types.

Phylogeny of the Parmeliaceae–DNA Data Versus Morphological Data

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 463-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Eric Mattsson ◽  
Mats Wedin
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data ◽  
Close Relationship

AbstractIn order to identify monophyletic groups within the family Parmeliaceae, eleven taxa (Bryoria capillaris, Cetraria islandica, Evernia pruniastri, Hypogymnia physodes, Parmelia saxatilis, Platismatia glauca, Pleurosticta acetabulum, Usneaflorida, Vulpicida juniperina, V. pinastri, and Xanthoparmelia conspersa) were studied using newly produced nuclear rDNA sequence data from the ITS and 5·8S regions. The resulting evolutionary hypothesis was compared with results from previous phylogenetic analyses based on anatomy, morphology, and chemistry. The outcome of this comparison does not support the earlier proposed phylogenies but is not stable enough for identifying monophyletic groups, with one exception. The results indicate a close relationship between Cetraria and Vulpicida, which is contradictory to previous published analyses. The variation in ascus structures in the Parmeliaceae is discussed and it is questioned whether the earlier distinguished ‘ forms ’ of ascus types represent synapomorphies, if they are based on poorly supported analyses, or if they are exaggerations of relatively slight variation in shape. Further interpretations of the results are discussed and areas of future studies based on DNA-data are suggested.

scholarly journals Five Independent Lineages Revealed by Integrative Taxonomy in the Dendropsophus nanus–Dendropsophus walfordi Species Complex

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Karin Seger ◽  
Bernardo da Veiga Teixeira ◽  
Fabiane Annibale ◽  
Denise de Cerqueira Rossa-Feres ◽  
Albertina Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
The Many

One of the many taxonomic challenges found in the Dendropsophus microcephalus species group is the Dendropsophus walfordi distinction from D. nanus. Recent phylogenetic inferences have indicated the paraphyly of these species, although they were not designed to assess this issue. To contribute to the delimitation of these species, we analyzed the 12S, 16S and COI mitochondrial genes, the morphological traits, and the advertisement calls of specimens from northern Amazonia to Argentina, including the type localities of D. nanus and D. walfordi. Paraphyly of D. nanus with respect to D. walfordi was inferred by maximum-parsimony and Bayesian analyses, and five major clades exhibiting nonoverlapping geographic distributions were recognized. The bPTP and ABGD analyses supported the existence of five independently evolving lineages in this complex. Acoustic and morphological data clearly distinguished the clade that included the topotypes of D. walfordi from the others, corroborating the validity of this species. To avoid the paraphyly of D. nanus with respect to D. walfordi, we recognize the clade distributed from central-southern Brazil to Argentina as D. nanus, the clade distributed in Amazonia as D. walfordi, and discuss the existence of unnamed cryptic species closely related to D. nanus and D. walfordi.

Genetic and morphological data support placement of Myrmotherula gularis (Spix) in the monotypic genus Rhopias Cabanis and Heine (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3451 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO BELMONTE-LOPES ◽  
GUSTAVO A. BRAVO ◽  
MARCOS R. BORNSCHEIN ◽  
GIOVANNI N. MAURÍCIO ◽  
MARCIO R. PIE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Character State ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Ancestral Reconstruction ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Resolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Affinities

Recent DNA-based phylogenetic analyses of the family Thamnophilidae have shown that the genus Myrmotherula is polyphyletic. Traditional plumage-based taxonomy has been misleading in terms of identifying independently evolving lineages within the complex. Here, we integrate a molecular phylogeny with morphometric information and ancestral reconstruction of syringeal character states of the Musculi vocales ventrales, to investigate the taxonomic position of M. gularis, a species for which phylogenetic affinities have long been uncertain. We show that M. gularis represents a long branch in the tribe Thamnophilini that is not closely related to any other member of the Myrmotherula complex. Its relationships within the tribe remain uncertain because of the lack of phylogenetic resolution at the base of the tribe. M. gularis shares a derived character state of the M. vocalis ventralis with Taraba, Hypoedaleus, and Mackenziaena, which supports a close relationship between M. gularis and the large antshrikes. M. gularis can be diagnosed from Myrmotherula and Epinecrophylla by this condition of its M. vocalis ventralis, and from Isleria by plumage and other morphological traits. The phylogenetic and morphological distinctiveness of M. gularis does not warrant merging it into any other genus. We propose that this species be placed in a monotypic genus, for which the available name Rhopias applies.

Generic concepts within hornworts: historical review, contemporary insights and future directions

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Christine Cargill ◽  
Karen S. Renzaglia ◽  
Juan Carlos Villarreal ◽  
R. Joel Duff
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Classification Schemes ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Rbcl Sequences

Although the hornworts (anthocerotes) are a relatively small assemblage of approximately 150 species, generic boundaries and relationships within the group are controversial. The four prevailing classification schemes are based mainly on morphology and show little congruency. Here we set the foundation for contemporary phylogenetic and taxonomic studies by presenting an historical overview of generic concepts within the anthocerotes. An overview of recent morphological and molecular studies that concentrate on hornworts points to intuitive, novel relationships and a degree of diversity hitherto unknown in the group. Phylogenetically informative characters at the morphological level are identified, with emphasis on newly acquired ultrastructural data. A recent molecular analysis based on rbcL sequences is presented and the levels of suitability of several molecular markers to answer phylogenetic questions within the group are explored. On-going intensive studies that sample a wider range of species and utilise multiple genes and comprehensive morphological data are likely to revolutionise interpretations of the taxonomic relationships and character evolution within hornworts.

A new genus and species of anthracosaur amphibian from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland and the status of Pholidogaster pisciformis Huxley

1975 ◽  
Vol 269 (900) ◽  
pp. 581-637 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Composite Restoration

The isolated skull of a Lower Carboniferous anthracosaur labyrinthodont from the Midlothian coalfield was formerly but erroneously attributed to Pholidogaster pisciformis . It is now redescribed after ‘Airbrasive’ development as the holotype of a new genus and species. The anthracosaur agrees in a number of diagnostic cranial characters with the embolomerous forms of the Coal Measures but other characters, particularly those of the braincase and lower jaw, suggest relationship to the Seymouriamorpha. Its cranial anatomy could well be antecedent to that of both these groups and the sparse evidence available suggests close relationship to the American Mississippian anthracosaur Proterogyrinus . A new classification of the Batrachosauria is presented with a major subdivision into Anthracosauria and Seymouriamorpha. The former group comprises the newly proposed infraorder Herpetospondyli to include the Lower Carboniferous forms, together with the infraorders Embolomeri and Gephyrostegoidea. It is concluded that while no batrachosaur with an otic notch could be a reptile ancestor a primitive ‘notchless’ anthracosaur could be. The cranial anatomy of Pholidogaster pisciformis is then redescribed, after complete ‘Airbrasive’ preparation of the holotype skull. The holotype, like the anthracosaur, comes from the Gilmerton Ironstone of the Edinburgh region, but the earlier holotype skull of Otocratia modesta , long considered to be an ichthyostegid, is also attributed to Pholidogaster . After redescription of ‘ Otocratia ' a composite restoration of the Pholidogaster skull is presented. The nature of the dermal ornament, the post-parietal-supratemporal suture, the absence of tabular horns and the nature of the post-cranial skeleton all demonstrate that Pholidogaster is an early temnospondyl labyrinthodont in no way closely related to anthracosaurs. It is closely similar to the American Mississippian form Greererpeton burkemorani Romer, notably in the presence of large premaxillary fangs and the absence of otic notch and intertemporal. Both may be attributed to the family Colosteidae. It is concluded that there is no strong evidence of close relationship between the colosteids and the Devonian ichthyostegids.

scholarly journals Reclassification of Pterulaceae Corner (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) introducing the ant-associated genus Myrmecopterula gen. nov., Phaeopterula Henn. and the corticioid Radulomycetaceae fam. nov.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caio A. Leal-Dutra ◽  
Gareth W. Griffith ◽  
Maria Alice Neves ◽  
David J. McLaughlin ◽  
Esther G. McLaughlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Ant Nests ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Molecular Investigation ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTPterulaceae was formally proposed to group six coralloid and dimitic genera [Actiniceps (=Dimorphocystis), Allantula, Deflexula, Parapterulicium, Pterula and Pterulicium]. Recent molecular studies have shown that some of the characters currently used in Pterulaceae Corner do not distinguish the genera. Actiniceps and Parapterulicium have been removed and a few other resupinate genera were added to the family. However, none of these studies intended to investigate the relationship between Pterulaceae genera. In this study, we generated 278 sequences from both newly collected and fungarium samples. Phylogenetic analyses support by morphological data allowed a reclassification of Pterulaceae where we propose the introduction of Myrmecopterula gen. nov. and Radulomycetaceae fam. nov., the reintroduction of Phaeopterula, the synonymisation of Deflexula in Pterulicium and 51 new combinations. Pterula is rendered polyphyletic requiring a reclassification; thus, it is split into Pterula, Myrmecopterula gen. nov., Pterulicium and Phaeopterula. Deflexula is recovered as paraphyletic alongside several Pterula species and Pterulicium, and is sunk into the latter genus. Phaeopterula is reintroduced to accommodate species with darker basidiomes. The neotropical Myrmecopterula gen. nov. forms a distinct clade adjacent to Pterula, and most members of this clade are associated with active or inactive attine ant nests. The resupinate genera Coronicium and Merulicium are recovered in a strongly supported clade close to Pterulicium. The other resupinate genera previously included in Pterulaceae, and which form basidiomes lacking cystidia and with monomitic hyphal structure (Radulomyces, Radulotubus and Aphanobasidium), are reclassified into Radulomycetaceae fam. nov. Allantula is still an enigmatic piece in this puzzle known only from the type specimen that requires molecular investigation. A key for the genera of Pterulaceae and Radulomycetaceae fam. nov. is provided here.

Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera)

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donald Lafontaine ◽  
Michael Fibiger
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe higher classification of the families of the Noctuoidea with a quadrifid forewing (Nolidae, Strepsimanidae, Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Erebidae, and Noctuidae) is reviewed from the perspective of recent classifications and the distribution of derived character states. On the basis of recent morphological and molecular studies, we propose a more inclusive definition of the family Noctuidae that adds the subfamilies Nolinae, Strepsimaninae, Arctiinae, Lymantriinae, and Erebinae to the subfamilies more traditionally included in the Noctuidae. Consequently, the superfamily Noctuoidea comprises the families Oenosandridae, Doidae, Notodontidae, Micronoctuidae, and Noctuidae. The tribe Cosmiini, currently in the subfamily Xyleninae, is downgraded to the status of subtribe Cosmiina and placed in the tribe Xylenini. The tribe Balsini, currently in the subfamily Xyleninae, is elevated to the status of subfamily Balsinae. The tribe Phosphilini is transferred from the subfamily Psaphidinae to the Xyleninae.

scholarly journals Molecular systematics of the armored neotropical catfish subfamily Neoplecostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3390 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
FÁBIO F. ROXO ◽  
CLÁUDIO H. ZAWADZKI ◽  
GUILHERME J. DA COSTA SILVA ◽  
MARCIO C. CHIACHIO ◽  
FAUSTO FORESTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
New Genus ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies

Morphological and molecular studies in the family Loricariidae have revealed that the relationships among its membersare not yet well resolved, and the present study was conducted with the main objective of improving our knowledge aboutthis highly diversified group of catfishes. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis were conducted on a matrix of 53terminal taxa and 4676 characters with partial sequences of the genes COI, CytB, 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and F-reticulon4. As outgroups, samples of the species Hemipsilichthys gobio and H. papillatus (subfamily Delturinae), Rineloricariajaraguensis (subfamily Loricariinae), Hypostomus nigromaculatus (subfamily Hypostominae), Hypoptopomainexpectatum (subfamily Hypoptopomatinae), and Corumbataia cuestae (subfamily Otothyrinae) were used. The resultsshowed that the subfamily Neoplecostominae is monophyletic, including Pseudotocinclus, and three clades wererecognized. The first one is composed of Pareiorhina rudolphi, P. cf. rudolphi and Pseudotocinclus. The second iscomposed of Isbrueckerichthys, Pareiorhaphis, Kronichthys and Neoplecostomus ribeirensis. The third is composed ofthe remaining species of the genera Neoplecostomus, except N. ribeirensis, Pareiorhina carrancas, P. cf. carrancas,Pareiorhina sp. 1 (possible new species) and an undescribed taxon referred to in this paper as new genus and species 2. In our analyses, Pareiorhina and Neoplecostomus are paraphyletic taxa.

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