Revised higher classification of the Noctuoidea (Lepidoptera)

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donald Lafontaine ◽  
Michael Fibiger
Keyword(s):  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe higher classification of the families of the Noctuoidea with a quadrifid forewing (Nolidae, Strepsimanidae, Arctiidae, Lymantriidae, Erebidae, and Noctuidae) is reviewed from the perspective of recent classifications and the distribution of derived character states. On the basis of recent morphological and molecular studies, we propose a more inclusive definition of the family Noctuidae that adds the subfamilies Nolinae, Strepsimaninae, Arctiinae, Lymantriinae, and Erebinae to the subfamilies more traditionally included in the Noctuidae. Consequently, the superfamily Noctuoidea comprises the families Oenosandridae, Doidae, Notodontidae, Micronoctuidae, and Noctuidae. The tribe Cosmiini, currently in the subfamily Xyleninae, is downgraded to the status of subtribe Cosmiina and placed in the tribe Xylenini. The tribe Balsini, currently in the subfamily Xyleninae, is elevated to the status of subfamily Balsinae. The tribe Phosphilini is transferred from the subfamily Psaphidinae to the Xyleninae.

scholarly journals Family-group names proposed in the family Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2400 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. WILLIAMS ◽  
P. J. GULLAN
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level ◽  
The Status ◽  
Reliable Classification

Since Cockerell (1905) erected the family-group name Pseudococcini, the name has become widely used for all mealybugs. Lobdell (1930) raised the status of the group to family level as the Pseudococcidae, but it was not until Borchsenius (1949) and Ferris (1950) accepted the family level that the rank of Pseudococcidae became more widely accepted within the superfamily Coccoidea. Various tribes and subtribes have been introduced without any reliable classification of the family.

scholarly journals New perspectives on the evolution of the genus Typhlatya (Crustacea, Decapoda): first record of a cavernicolous atyid in the Iberian Peninsula, Typhlatya miravetensis n. sp.

1995 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-99
Author(s):  
Sebastián Sanz ◽  
Dirk Platvoet
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
First Record ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
A New Species

On several occasions, shrimps belonging to a new species of the genus Typhlatya were collected in a cave in the province of Castellón, Spain. This is the first record of the genus in the Iberian Peninsula. The species is described and the validity, distribution, and zoogeography of the genus, as well as the status of the genus Spelaeocaris, are discussed. Former models for the evolution of the genus Typhlatya and its genus group are reviewed, as well as the system of inner classification of the Atyidae and its biogeographical meaning. For the age and evolution of the genus we developed a new model based on vicariance principles that involves further evolution of each species after the disruption of the ancestral range. This allows new estimations for the age of the genus. Accordingly, we suppose that other proposals, such as recent dispersal through the sea, should be disregarded for this genus. The evolutionary development of this species is discussed in the context of the geological history of the area and the world distribution of the genus, the genus group, and the family.

A new fossil species of the Australian endemic genus Peradenia Naumann & Masner (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Peradeniidae) from Baltic Amber

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens-Wilhelm Janzen ◽  
Norman F. Johnson ◽  
Luciana Musetti
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subfamily Classification ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe family Peradeniidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) is represented by two rare extant species from southeastern Australia (Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania). A new species, Peradenia galerita sp. n., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The fossil species is very similar to the living Perndenia, but has the short metasomatic petiole typical of most Proctotrupoidea. The subfamily classification of Heloridae proposed by Rasnitsyn and the status of Peradeniidae are briefly reviewed. The subfamily Mesohelorinae Rasnitsyn, 1990 is a junior synonym of Protohelorinae Rasnitsyn, 1980 (syn. n.).

A new genus and species of anthracosaur amphibian from the Lower Carboniferous of Scotland and the status of Pholidogaster pisciformis Huxley

1975 ◽  
Vol 269 (900) ◽  
pp. 581-637 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status ◽  
Coal Measures ◽  
Composite Restoration

The isolated skull of a Lower Carboniferous anthracosaur labyrinthodont from the Midlothian coalfield was formerly but erroneously attributed to Pholidogaster pisciformis . It is now redescribed after ‘Airbrasive’ development as the holotype of a new genus and species. The anthracosaur agrees in a number of diagnostic cranial characters with the embolomerous forms of the Coal Measures but other characters, particularly those of the braincase and lower jaw, suggest relationship to the Seymouriamorpha. Its cranial anatomy could well be antecedent to that of both these groups and the sparse evidence available suggests close relationship to the American Mississippian anthracosaur Proterogyrinus . A new classification of the Batrachosauria is presented with a major subdivision into Anthracosauria and Seymouriamorpha. The former group comprises the newly proposed infraorder Herpetospondyli to include the Lower Carboniferous forms, together with the infraorders Embolomeri and Gephyrostegoidea. It is concluded that while no batrachosaur with an otic notch could be a reptile ancestor a primitive ‘notchless’ anthracosaur could be. The cranial anatomy of Pholidogaster pisciformis is then redescribed, after complete ‘Airbrasive’ preparation of the holotype skull. The holotype, like the anthracosaur, comes from the Gilmerton Ironstone of the Edinburgh region, but the earlier holotype skull of Otocratia modesta , long considered to be an ichthyostegid, is also attributed to Pholidogaster . After redescription of ‘ Otocratia ' a composite restoration of the Pholidogaster skull is presented. The nature of the dermal ornament, the post-parietal-supratemporal suture, the absence of tabular horns and the nature of the post-cranial skeleton all demonstrate that Pholidogaster is an early temnospondyl labyrinthodont in no way closely related to anthracosaurs. It is closely similar to the American Mississippian form Greererpeton burkemorani Romer, notably in the presence of large premaxillary fangs and the absence of otic notch and intertemporal. Both may be attributed to the family Colosteidae. It is concluded that there is no strong evidence of close relationship between the colosteids and the Devonian ichthyostegids.

scholarly journals The good(ish), the bad, and the ugly: a tripartite classification of ecosystem trends

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida Bundy ◽  
Lynne J. Shannon ◽  
Marie-Joëlle Rochet ◽  
Sergio Neira ◽  
Yunne-Jai Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Structure ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Ecosystem Indicators ◽  
The Status ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Bundy, A., Shannon, L. J., Rochet, M-J., Neira, S., Shin, Y-J., Hill, L., and Aydin, K. 2010. The good(ish), the bad, and the ugly: a tripartite classification of ecosystem trends. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 745–768. Marine ecosystems have been exploited for a long time, growing increasingly vulnerable to collapse and irreversible change. How do we know when an ecosystem may be in danger? A measure of the status of individual stocks is only a partial gauge of its status, and does not include changes at the broader ecosystem level, to non-commercial species or to its structure or functioning. Six ecosystem indicators measuring trends over time were collated for 19 ecosystems, corresponding to four ecological attributes: resource potential, ecosystem structure and functioning, conservation of functional biodiversity, and ecosystem stability and resistance to perturbations. We explored the use of a decision-tree approach, a definition of initial ecosystem state (impacted or non-impacted), and the trends in the ecosystem indicators to classify the ecosystems into improving, stationary, and deteriorating. Ecosystem experts classified all ecosystems as impacted at the time of their initial state. Of these, 15 were diagnosed as “ugly”, because they had deteriorated from an already impacted state. Several also exhibited specific combinations of trends indicating “fishing down the foodweb”, reduction in size structure, reduction in diversity and stability, and changed productivity. The classification provides an initial evaluation for scientists, resource managers, stakeholders, and the general public of the concerning status of ecosystems globally.

scholarly journals Analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the concept of "customs regimes"

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (99) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
S. Iu. Sokoliuk ◽  
◽  
O. S. Tupchiу ◽  
O. V. Zharun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
National Industry ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes the concept of "customs regime", characteristic features are formulated, main elements, goals and functions of customs regimes in the development of foreign economic relations. The classical classification of customs regimes under the Customs Code of Ukraine is substantiated. Based on the analysis, a position on the study concept is substantiated, the interpretation of the category "Customs regimes" is provided. The conducted research confirms that under the customs regime, we understand the set of customs procedures that establish the rules for moving goods through the customs border of Ukraine and their further use in order to ensure the interests of the state in the customs sphere. The functions of customs regimes are analyzed: fiscal, which finds its implementation in the collection of customs payments in order to ensure the financial interests of the state in foreign economic activity; stimulating, implemented by exempt from customs taxation and the use of non-tariff regulation, simplification of customs procedures in order to stimulate subjects of foreign economic activity, promoting the development of a national economy, etc.; protective, which involves the use of non-tariff regulatory measures and aims to protect the economic and other national interests of the state by introducing a licensing, quota and other non-tariff restrictions when placing goods in customs regimes; control - aimed at ensuring compliance with the norms of the current legislation of Ukraine in the customs sphere, which is implemented through specific methods and forms inherent in control in the field of public administration; the regulatory, purpose of which is to regulate the order of action when placing the goods in the customs regime associated with the direction of movement of goods through the customs border, the definition of the status of goods and operations with it, etc. According to the results of generalization, the study is substantiated by the classification of customs regimes, which includes: a) the main (import (issue for free circulation) and export) as customs regimes aimed at ensuring the state's financial interests in foreign economic activity; protection of its economic and other national interests; b) preferential customs regimes (transit, customs warehouse, free customs zone, temporary import of goods to customs territory and exports at its boundaries, processing in customs territory and abroad), the purpose of applying which is to stimulate the subjects of foreign economic activity of the state, development of the national industry, promoting international trade, economic relations and relationships in the humanitarian sphere; c) special customs regimes (Repimport, re-export, duty-free trade, destruction or destruction and refusal of the state) that are not provided for by the European Union's customs law and in its essence or are auxiliary, or such that define certain signs of goods.

Studies on Neotropical crickets: New species and notes on the classification of Field Crickets genera Anurogryllus and Gryllus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4970 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-532
Author(s):  
OSCAR J. CADENA-CASTAÑEDA ◽  
CARLOS JULIO ARANGO DÍAZ ◽  
VÍCTOR HUGO GRANDE LÓPEZ ◽  
ANDREA DEL PILAR FLORÉZ CÁRDENAS
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
New Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Field Crickets ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
The Status ◽  
Genital Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
San Andres

In this contribution to the American Field and Short-tail crickets, two new species from the continental and insular area of Colombia are described. Anurogryllus (Urogryllus) edithsantosum n. sp. from the Meta department, is more related to some Caribbean species, and its genital structure fits the morphological current definition of the subgenus Urogryllus, although it has pseudepiphallic median lophi covered with hairs, as it happens in the species of the subgenus Pilosogryllus. The same way, Gryllus (Gryllus) providiensis n. sp. from Providencia Island, San Andres Archipelago is described, this new species has thick hairs on the pronotum as Gryllus (Gryllus) assimilis (widely distributed in America), as well as the color pattern of the cephalic capsule; but the new species is smaller in size, and has a particular organization in the harp veins of the tegmina, which only resembles Gryllus (Gryllus) marchena from the Galapagos Archipelago (Ecuador), from which it differs markedly in its morphology. Finally, the status of the Gryllus species, distributed in Latin America and the Caribbean, is reviewed, and it is recorded which species have acoustic records, and from here we start with the review of this peculiar genus in Latin America. 

Phylogeny of the Neotropical genus Gephyrocharax (Characiformes: Characidae: Stevardiinae), with remarks on the tribe Stevardiini

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A Vanegas-Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Current Definition ◽  
The Family ◽  
Recent Classification ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractStevardiinae, which consists of 326 species and 44 genera, is a monophyletic subfamily within the family Characidae. In a recent classification of the subfamily, the tribe Stevardiini was expanded from three (Corynopoma, Gephyrocharax and Pterobrycon) to six genera by the addition of Chrysobrycon, Hysteronotus and Pseudocorynopoma. However, no morphological evidence has supported this definition of the tribe and the monophyly of Gephyrocharax. To address these issues, a phylogenetic study of most stevardiins focusing on Gephyrocharax was conducted. A data matrix including 532 characters and 213 taxa (73 stevardiines, 19 of which were stevardiins) was processed using maximum parsimony in TNT 1.5. All characters were analysed under extended implied weighting, exploring 21 k values. A strict consensus (comprising the most stables trees obtained) was used as the final topology. The results support the current definition of Stevardiini, as well as the monophyly of Chrysobrycon, Gephyrocharax and Pterobrycon. Corynopoma was obtained as the sister group of Gephyrocharax, the latter being phylogenetically diagnosed by two synapomorphies associated with caudal-fin morphology of adult males. The following interspecific relationships within Gephyrocharax are hypothesised: (G. martae ((G. chocoensis (G. major (G. atracaudatus, G. intermedius))) (G. venezuelae (G. sinuensis (G. valencia (G. caucanus (G. melanocheir, G. torresi)))))))).

scholarly journals Conceptual synonymy in syntactic terminology: semantic variations of the term обставина.

2017 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Oksana Vasetska
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Formal Expression ◽  
Language System ◽  
Semantic Variation ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

The article reveals a section of terminological units of the variology, the analysis is given in specialized dictionaries and reference books in linguistics, i.e. it deals with the status of synonyms and variants in general variance theory, in particular, synonymy is recognised as a semantic variation and traditional variation is declared as a formal expression of a broader category of variability. The common phenomenon of describing a concept by several names is variability. It distinguishes into synonymy and doubling by such criterion as the interchangeability of terms in contexts. The way to avoid the terminological coincidence of terms which describe the general features of the language system and refer the indicator of the formal distinction of identical units by the meaning is proposed. The phenomenon of the conceptual synonymy on the example of such terms as modifier, adjunct, determinant etc. is analysed. This research is based on the following algorithm: 1) to clarify the definition of the terms; 2) to establish the belonging to the scientific school, theories, concepts; 3) to observe the significative differences of the terms; 4) to reveal the syntagmatic characteristics of these units. The classification of the terminological variants is examined. The features of the semantics of syntactical terms with similar meaning are clarified. In conclusion, the author makes an attempt to solve the problem within the undertaken research. Considering the different approaches to the studying phenomenon, the presence of a diffuse denotatum and common signification, the terms modifier, adjunct, determinant etc. are qualified as conceptual synonyms. In addition, the common shades of meaning of terms denote the varieties of modifiers. It correlates with terms that describe the components of semantic and syntactic structure of sentences.

Phylogeny of the Serpula - Crucigera - Hydroides clade (Serpulidae:Annelida) using molecular and morphological data: implications for operculum evolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Kupriyanova ◽  
R. Bastida-Zavala ◽  
M. N. Halt ◽  
M. S. Y. Lee ◽  
G. W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Status

The type genus of Serpulidae, Serpula Linnaeus, 1758, along with closely related genera Crucigera Benedict, 1887 and Hydroides Gunnerus, 1768, accounts for approximately one-third of all described species in the family. Although previous morphological and molecular studies unequivocally indicate that these three genera constitute a monophyletic group, the status of each genus remains unknown. In this study, the relationships among and within the genera Serpula, Crucigera, and Hydroides were investigated using maximum parsimony and Bayesian analyses of nuclear (18S and 28S rDNA) and mitochondrial (cytochrome b) genomic molecular markers plus morphology. The phylogeny supports the monophyly of Hydroides, but Serpula forms a paraphyletic basal grade and Crucigera is polyphyletic. The lack of close relationship between Hydroides and Crucigera indicates that their similar opercular features are not homologous.

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