scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny of the Kosciuscola grasshoppers endemic to the Australian alpine and montane regions

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Tatarnic ◽  
K. D. L. Umbers ◽  
H. Song
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Australian Alps ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Alpine Distribution

Diversity and speciation in Australia’s alpine biota are poorly understood. Here we present a molecular phylogeny of the Australian alpine grasshopper genus Kosciuscola (Sjösted) that currently includes five described species. These grasshoppers are of interest not only because of their alpine distribution but also for the extraordinary colour change exhibited by the species K. tristis, whose males turn turquoise when their body temperature exceeds 25°C. We reconstructed the phylogeny with two fragments of the mitochondrial genome using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses and our data support the current taxonomy. Further, our data show little geographic structuring within some clades, which is puzzling since members of Kosciuscola are brachypterous. Finally, our data coupled with our observations on colouration provide evidence for a genetically distinct clade of K. tristis in the Victorian Alps. This is among the first molecular studies of an alpine invertebrate and one of a few on non-endangered, widespread Australian alpine species. More phylogenetic studies in the Australian Alps are required if we are to understand the evolution of alpine fauna and establish baseline data to monitor their response to climate change.

A molecular phylogeny of the Grunts (Perciformes: Haemulidae) inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear genes

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2966 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILLICENT D. SANCIANGCO ◽  
LUIZ A. ROCHA ◽  
KENT E. CARPENTER
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Upper Jaw

We infer a phylogeny of haemulid genera using mitochondrial COI and Cyt b genes and nuclear RAG1, SH3PX3, and Plagl2 genes from 56 haemulid species representing 18 genera of the expanded haemulids (including the former inermiids) and ten outgroup species. Results from maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses show strong support for a monophyletic Haemulidae with the inclusion of Emmelichthyops atlanticus. The former inermiids did not form a clade indicating that the highly protrusible upper jaw specialization to planktivory evolved more than once within Haemulidae. The subfamilies Haemulinae and Plectorhinchinae, currently diagnosed by eight morphological characters, most notably the number of chin pores and the origin of the retractor dorsalis, are also recovered from these analyses with the Haemulinae sister to the Plectorhinchinae. Plectorhinchus is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Diagramma. Within the Haemulinae, Pomadasys and Conodon are polyphyletic. In addition, Anisotremus is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Genyatremus and Conodon nobilis, and Haemulon is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Xenistius. These results suggest that further morphological and molecular studies are needed to revise the limits of several haemulid genera.

Usnea dasopoga (Ach.) Nyl. and U. barbata (L.) F. H. Wigg. (Ascomycetes, Parmeliaceae) are two different species: a plea for reliable identifications in molecular studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-230
Author(s):  
Philippe Clerc ◽  
Yamama Naciri
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Voucher Specimens ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework

AbstractUsing molecular data to delimit species or reconstruct their evolutionary history is now widely used across all organisms. However, such analyses can suffer from poor or false specimen identifications leading to incorrect conclusions. Here we show that the use of misidentified specimens in a phylogenetic framework resulted in questionable conclusions in a previously published study (Mark et al. 2016). Using morphological, chemical and statistical analyses on the specimens used in that study, we found support for Usnea barbata and U. dasopoga being morphologically and anatomically distinct species with separate clusters in the molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, our revision of specimen identifications refutes the synonymization of U. substerilis with U. lapponica. In conclusion, we discuss the issue of correct identification of voucher specimens in DNA databases and conclude with some general suggestions to avoid false specimen identifications in phylogenetic studies.

Realised added value in dynamical downscaling of Australian climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Di Virgilio ◽  
Jason P. Evans ◽  
Alejandro Di Luca ◽  
Michael R. Grose ◽  
Vanessa Round ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Australian Alps ◽  
Future Climate Projections

<p>Coarse resolution global climate models (GCM) cannot resolve fine-scale drivers of regional climate, which is the scale where climate adaptation decisions are made. Regional climate models (RCMs) generate high-resolution projections by dynamically downscaling GCM outputs. However, evidence of where and when downscaling provides new information about both the current climate (added value, AV) and projected climate change signals, relative to driving data, is lacking. Seasons and locations where CORDEX-Australasia ERA-Interim and GCM-driven RCMs show AV for mean and extreme precipitation and temperature are identified. A new concept is introduced, ‘realised added value’, that identifies where and when RCMs simultaneously add value in the present climate and project a different climate change signal, thus suggesting plausible improvements in future climate projections by RCMs. ERA-Interim-driven RCMs add value to the simulation of summer-time mean precipitation, especially over northern and eastern Australia. GCM-driven RCMs show AV for precipitation over complex orography in south-eastern Australia during winter and widespread AV for mean and extreme minimum temperature during both seasons, especially over coastal and high-altitude areas. RCM projections of decreased winter rainfall over the Australian Alps and decreased summer rainfall over northern Australia are collocated with notable realised added value. Realised added value averaged across models, variables, seasons and statistics is evident across the majority of Australia and shows where plausible improvements in future climate projections are conferred by RCMs. This assessment of varying RCM capabilities to provide realised added value to GCM projections can be applied globally to inform climate adaptation and model development.</p>

scholarly journals Arctic-Alpine species in the bryoflora of the Altai-Sayan mountain region

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00100
Author(s):  
Olga Pisarenko
Keyword(s):  
Rare Species ◽  
Mountain Region ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Sayan Mountain ◽  
Alpine Distribution

In the bryoflora the Altai-Sayan mountain region, 125 species have a predominantly Arctic-alpine distribution. A table of the locations geo-coordinates and habitat types in EUNI terms is compiled. The most common and rare species have been identified. The peculiarities of ecology and distribution of the species are discussed.

scholarly journals The Physiology of Heat Tolerance in Small Endotherms

Physiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 302-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E. McKechnie ◽  
Blair O. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Tolerance Limits

Understanding the heat tolerances of small mammals and birds has taken on new urgency with the advent of climate change. Here, we review heat tolerance limits, pathways of evaporative heat dissipation that permit the defense of body temperature during heat exposure, and mechanisms operating at tissue, cellular, and molecular levels.

Phylogeny of Echiura updated, with a revised taxonomy to reflect their placement in Annelida as sister group to Capitellidae

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryutaro Goto ◽  
James Monnington ◽  
Marija Sciberras ◽  
Isao Hirabayashi ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Monterey Bay ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Littoral Zones ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Echiura (commonly called spoon worms) are derived annelids that have an unsegmented sausage-shaped body with a highly extensible anterior end (i.e. a proboscis). Echiura currently contains two superfamilies: Echiurioidea (with Echiuridae, Urechidae and Thalassematidae) and Bonellioidea (with Bonelliidae, and Ikedidae). Ikedidae contains only Ikeda, which is distinctive in having a huge trunk, a highly elongate proboscis with stripes or dots, and numerous gonoducts. A recent molecular phylogeny of Echiura recovered Ikedidae as the sister group to Bonelliidae. However, due to relatively low support values for the monophyly of Bonelliidae, this relationship remains problematic. In this study, we reinvestigated the relationship of Bonelliidae and Ikedidae using an expanded dataset with more taxa and genes. In contrast to the previous results, our analyses strongly support that Ikeda is nested within Bonelliidae due to the placement of Maxmuelleria. On the basis of this result, we synonymise Ikedidae with Bonelliidae and transfer Ikeda to the latter, the diagnosis of which is amended. In addition, we synonymise Urechidae with its sister group Echiuridae because they share the synapomorphy of having anal chaetae rings. Furthermore, considering that recent phylogenetic studies have consistently recovered Echiura as the sister group to Capitelliidae within Annelida, we drop the rank of the echiuran clade to family-level and propose a revised classification: Thalassematidae with two subfamilies, Thalassematinae (with two tribes Echiurini and Thalassematini) and Bonelliinae. In addition, we identified a sample collected from the deep sea (~1820 m) of Monterey Bay, California, based on its molecular data. This terminal unexpectedly formed the sister group to the eight genera of Thalassematini, most members of which are inhabitants of littoral zones.

Climate change, tourism and historical grazing influence the distribution of Carex lachenalii Schkuhr – A rare arctic-alpine species in the Tatra Mts

2018 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. 1628-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patryk Czortek ◽  
Anna Delimat ◽  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Antoni Zięba ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Tatra Mts

scholarly journals Trends in Population Size of Rare Plant Species in the Alpine Habitats of the Ukrainian Carpathians under Climate Change

Diversity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Kobiv
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
Cold Adapted ◽  
Subalpine Zone ◽  
Alpine Species ◽  
Alpine Habitats

Population trends in rare alpine plant species in the high-mountain zone of the Ukrainian Carpathians are described with regard to the types of habitats where they occur. Populations of cold-adapted species confined to snowbeds, alpine screes, poorly vegetated rocks, and the highest ridges, as well as mires and springs, are very vulnerable to climate change, while their habitats tend to shrink. The direct impact of warming affects mainly the most cryophilic species. Another driver of changes is climate-induced succession that results in denser vegetation cover and encroachment of more thermophilic plants, which replace low-competitive rare alpine species. Their replacement is largely caused by the loss of open microsites suitable for seed recruitment. However, the climate-driven decrease of snow cover often leads to frost damage to vegetation that provides gaps appropriate for the establishment of many rare species. One of the groups of species that benefit from warming includes rather thermophilic tall herbs that are more common in the subalpine zone but have been actively spreading at higher altitudes lately.

Phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca (Coniandreae, Cucurbitaceae), two genera of the dry lands of North America

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 201 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Rafael Lira ◽  
Victoria Sosa ◽  
Talitha Legaspi ◽  
Patricia Dávila
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Priority Rule ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

We examine the limits and phylogenetic relationships of Ibervillea and Tumamoca belonging to tribe Coniandreae in the Cucurbitaceae. These taxa are found in xeric areas from southern United States to Guatemala. There has been no previous phylogenetic studies considering all their taxa together, just partially. Furthermore, we include as well species of Dieterlea, another similar and sympatric genus which recognition is under debate, formerly considered as a synonym of Ibervillea. Using molecular and morphological characters we performed molecular and total evidence parsimony and Bayesian analyses. Our results confirm that species in Ibervillea and Dieterlea are part of a monophyletic group, supporting the integration of both genera as proposed in previous phylogenetic and taxonomic studies. By examining all the species of the three genera, our results are the first to suggest that Tumamoca is also part of this monophyletic group. Therefore we propose that the species of Ibervillea, Dieterlea, and one species of Tumamoca should be included into the same genus. According to the priority rule, Ibervillea is the name to be used. Tumamoca macdougalli needs to be transferred to Ibervillea and the combination is made here. We suggest that the second species in Tumamoca, T. mucronata, known by a single specimen that is lost, does not deserve recognition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document