Phylogenetic placement of the stone-nest orb-weaving spider Nemoscolus Simon, 1895 (Araneae : Araneidae) and the description of the first species from Australia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Kallal ◽  
Gustavo Hormiga
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
A New Species

The spider genus Nemoscolus Simon, 1895 (Araneidae) has been neglected taxonomically despite the unique retreat that several species construct in their horizontal orb-webs, composed of pebbles and other detritus. The distribution of Nemoscolus is poorly known and the genus includes species from Africa and Europe. Nemoscolus is placed in Simon’s Cycloseae species group along with Cyclosa Menge, 1866, Acusilas Simon, 1895, Arachnura Vinson, 1863, Witica O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895, among others. Here we describe a new species from Queensland, Australia, N. sandersi, sp. nov., drastically expanding the distribution range of the genus. We use nucleotide sequence data to phylogenetically place Nemoscolus using model-based inference methods within Araneidae and to explore its affinities to Simon’s Cycloseae. The data support propinquity of Nemoscolus with Acusilas and Arachnura but not with Cyclosa. Our analyses suggest that Cycloseae is not a clade, with Cyclosa, Acusilas, Witica and Nemoscolus not sharing a recent common ancestor. This use of an integrated granular retreat represents at least the second independent evolution of such a structure within Araneidae. These results improve our understanding of both phylogeny and retreat evolution in araneid spiders.

scholarly journals Hedyotis hamiguitanensis (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae), a new species from Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental, Philippines and its systematic position in Hedyotis

Webbia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Propa Joy R. Santor ◽  
Duane Dominic B. Santiago ◽  
Conrado Joshua V. Mataga ◽  
Elyjha S. Gabriel ◽  
Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
A New Species

Hedyotis hamiguitanensis, from Mt. Hamiguitan, Davao Oriental, Philippines, is described, illustrated, and compared with two similar species, H. whiteheadii and H. schlechteri. This species is distinguished from congeneric Philippine species by its 5–12 cm long, compound, umbellate inflorescences, pendulous flowers, lanceolate to oblanceolate, thick, scabrid leaf blades with revolute margins. Its phylogenetic systematic position within the tribe Spermococeae is determined with a phylogenetic analysis using chloroplast (rps16, petD) and nuclear ribosomal (ITS, ETS) nucleotide sequence data.

Discovery of New Genera Challenges the Subtribal Classification of Tok-Tok Beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Sepidiini)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia M Gearner ◽  
Marcin J Kamiński ◽  
Kojun Kanda ◽  
Kali Swichtenberg ◽  
Aaron D Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Darkling Beetles ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Inference Methods ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

Abstract Sepidiini is a speciose tribe of desert-inhabiting darkling beetles, which contains a number of poorly defined taxonomic groups and is in need of revision at all taxonomic levels. In this study, two previously unrecognized lineages were discovered, based on morphological traits, among the extremely speciose genera Psammodes Kirby, 1819 (164 species and subspecies) and Ocnodes Fåhraeus, 1870 (144 species and subspecies), namely the Psammodes spinosus species-group and Ocnodes humeralis species-group. In order to test their phylogenetic placement, a phylogeny of the tribe was reconstructed based on analyses of DNA sequences from six nonoverlapping genetic loci (CAD, wg, COI JP, COI BC, COII, and 28S) using Bayesian and maximum likelihood inference methods. The aforementioned, morphologically defined, species-groups were recovered as distinct and well-supported lineages within Molurina + Phanerotomeina and are interpreted as independent genera, respectively, Tibiocnodes Gearner & Kamiński gen. nov. and Tuberocnodes Gearner & Kamiński gen. nov. A new species, Tuberocnodes synhimboides Gearner & Kamiński sp. nov., is also described. Furthermore, as the recovered phylogenetic placement of Tibiocnodes and Tuberocnodes undermines the monophyly of Molurina and Phanerotomeina, an analysis of the available diagnostic characters for those subtribes is also performed. As a consequence, Phanerotomeina is considered as a synonym of the newly redefined Molurina sens. nov. Finally, spectrograms of vibrations produced by substrate tapping of two Molurina species, Toktokkus vialis (Burchell, 1822) and T. synhimboides, are presented.

Pseudodactylaria brevis sp. nov. from Thailand confirms the status of Pseudodactylariaceae

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 369 (4) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHUAN-GEN LIN ◽  
ERIC H. C. MCKENZIE ◽  
DARBHE J. BHAT ◽  
JIAN-KUI LIU ◽  
KEVIN D. HYDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Phylogenetic Placement ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
The Status ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Pseudodactylaria brevis, is described, illustrated and compared with other Pseudodactylaria and Dactylaria-like taxa. Evidence for the new species is provided by morphological comparison and sequence data analyses. Pseudodactylaria brevis can be distinguished from other Pseudodactylaria and Dactylaria-like species by its short hyaline conidiophores and fusiform, 1-septate hyaline conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of LSU and ITS sequence data was carried out to determine the phylogenetic placement of the species and confirm the taxonomic status of Pseudodactylariaceae.

Baetis pentaphyllus sp. nov., a new species of mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from the Russian Far East

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4679 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-352
Author(s):  
TATIANA M. TIUNOVA ◽  
ALEXANDER A. SEMENCHENKO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Baetis pentaphyllus sp. nov., is described on the basis of larvae from the Far East of Russia (type locality Bolshoi Garmakan River). Larvae of Baetis pentaphyllus sp. nov. may be distinguished from other Baetis species by the presence of only five pairs of tergalii on segments III–VII. The mitochondrial COI sequence obtained from the described species was compared with the data present in GeneBank and BOLD. The DNA barcodes allowed discrimination of B. pentaphyllus sp. nov. from other species of Baetis with available sequence data. The average interspecific K2P distances were 10–15%, which are values well above those associated with intraspecific variation. COI sequences as well as 36 morphological larval characters were analysed using Bayesian inference to relate the described species to the recognized species-groups of the Baetis genus. B. pentaphyllus sp. nov formed a sister clade to B. vardarensis + B. lutheri which belong to the Baetis lutheri species-group. 

scholarly journals Confusion surrounding Didymosphaeria—phylogenetic and morphological evidence suggest Didymosphaeriaceae is not a distinct family

Phytotaxa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 176 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
HIRAN A. ARIYAWANSA ◽  
ERIO CAMPORESI ◽  
KASUN M. THAMBUGALA ◽  
AUSANA MAPOOK ◽  
JI-CHUAN KANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
A New Species

Didymosphaeriaceae is a ubiquitous fungal family that is reported to include saprobic, endophytic and pathogenic species associated with a wide variety of substrates. The family is characterized by 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the asci. In recent treatments Appendispora, Didymosphaeria, Roussoella, Phaeodothis and Verruculina were placed in the family. The aim of the present study is to delineate phylogenetic lineages within Didymosphaeriaceae and allied genera. A new species, Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii, was isolated and identified based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of partial 18S nrDNA and 28S nrDNA nucleotide sequence data. Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii clustered with Montagnulaceae as a separate genus, while two putative strains (HKUCC 5834 and CMW 22186) of D. futilis from GenBank clustered with Cucurbitariaceae and Didymellaceae, respectively. The new species is characterized by immersed to slightly erumpent ascomata immersed under a clypeus, a peridium with compressed cells of textura intricata, long trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, anastomosing mostly above the asci and brown, 1-septate ascospores with granulate ornamentation. Phylogenetic analysis in combination with morphology and a review of literature show that Appendispora, Phaeodothis, Roussoella and Verruculina should be excluded from the family. Phaeodothis belongs in Montagnulaceae, Verruculina in Testudinaceae, while Appendispora and Roussoella belong in Roussoellaceae. The position of Didymosphaeriaceae as a distinct family, based on 1-septate ascospores and trabeculate pseudoparaphyses, mainly anastomosing above the asci is doubtful. Fresh collections of more Didymosphaeria strains are needed for epitypification and to obtain sequence data to establish if this family can be maintained.

scholarly journals Discovery of a new species of Adder’s tongue fern from India with comparative analysis of morphological and molecular attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Yadav ◽  
Mukesh K. Meghvansi ◽  
Kanta Meena ◽  
C. B. Gena
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Plateau Region ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
Foliar Anatomy ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Markers ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Data

AbstractEusporangiate fern genus Ophioglossum L. is commonly known as Adder’s tongue fern as its fertile frond gives the appearance of snake tongue. A new species in this fern genus, O. trilokinathii belonging to Ophioglossaceae family has been discovered from the plateau region of Rajasthan State of northwestern India. The new species can be distinguished from other taxa of this genus by its smaller habit, subglobose-tuberous rhizome, basipetal emergence of young roots, aggregation of old decaying roots on rhizome apex, fertile stalk as well as spike short and thick, trophophylls in rosette, ovate or orbicular and a unique sporoderm sculpture pattern under SEM having broad reticulations with thick and raised muri enclosing large hexagonal or irregular areas on the distal and proximal faces of the spores hitherto unreported in any of the presently known taxa of Ophioglossum. In addition, comparative study of stomatal structure, foliar anatomy and nucleotide sequence data of its three chloroplast DNA markers (trnL-F, rbcL and psbA-trnH) was carried out. In view of all the attributes including habitat, ecology, morphology, foliar anatomy, stomatal features, palynology and molecular phylogenetic data, the present study suggests that the Ophioglossum specimen collected from plateau region of Rajasthan represents a hitherto undescribed species thereby warranting its establishment as O. trilokinathii sp. nov. A detailed comparative account of the new taxon with its allied species has also been provided.

Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1753 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL A. MARES ◽  
JANET K. BRAUN ◽  
BRANDI S. COYNER ◽  
RONALD A. VAN DEN BUSSCHE
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cytochrome B ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Cytochrome B Gene ◽  
Minimum Evolution ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Data ◽  
Biogeographic History ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome B ◽  
A New Species

We present a systematic study of the genus Eligmodontia (sigmodontine rodents of the tribe Phyllotini) from Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, based on molecular data. Phylogenetic relationships among 49 individuals were examined using nucleotide sequence data from the entire 1143 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Unweighted parsimony, minimum evolution, maximum-likelihood (TrN+I+G), and Bayesian analyses revealed 2 major clades, representing Andean and non-Andean groups, and 6 minor clades, representing E. typus (lowland), E. typus (highland), E. morgani, E. puerulus, E. moreni, and E. hirtipes. E. typus (highland) is described as a new species based on combined data from the cytochrome-b gene, morphology, and karyology. The results indicate that the genus Eligmodontia is composed of a complex of species, most of which correspond to taxa that were described originally and each of which shows molecular cohesion within a limited geographic range. This species complex has relevance to current theories regarding the speciation patterns and the historical biogeography of South American sigmodontine rodents. The biogeographic history of the genus also is outlined.

scholarly journals A new species of Megachile (Litomegachile) from Cuba, the Antilles (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

2013 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Silas Sheffield ◽  
Julio A. Genaro
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Leafcutter Bee ◽  
Especie Nueva ◽  
A New Species

A new species of leafcutter bee, Megachile (Litomegachile) droegei Sheffield & Genaro, new species, is described from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.  Megachile droegei is one of 12 species in this New World subgenus, and is part of the M. brevis species group (with M. brevis Say, M. onobrychidis Cockerell, and M. pseudobrevis Mitchell).  This is the first record of the subgenus Litomegachile from the Antilles.  A diagnosis for distinguishing this species from other species of Litomegachile, and full descriptions of the female and male with illustrations are provided.  In addition, the male of M. pankus Bzdyk is described, and M. cleomis Cockerell is recognized as a valid species (new status) based on 1.45% divergence in COI (cytochrome c oxidase, subunit 1) from M. texana Cresson, and eastern (M. texana) /western (M. cleomis) distributions.  Based on morphological data and COI sequence data, four distinct species groups are recognized within Litomegachile.  Putative synapomorphies that support the monophyly of these groups are also discussed.RESUMEN: Se describe una especie nueva de abeja cortadora de hojas, Megachile (Litomegachile) droegei, para la Bahía de Guantánamo, Cuba.  Megachile droegei es una de las 12 especies pertenecientes al subgénero del Nuevo Mundo, Litomegachile y es parte del grupo de especies de M. brevis (junto a M. brevis Say, M. onobrychidis Cockerell y M. pseudobrevis Mitchell).  Este constituye el primer registro del subgénero Litomegachile para Las Antillas.  Se provee una diagnosis para separar a la especie nueva del resto de las especies del mismo subgénero, asícomo descripciones completas e ilustraciones de ambos sexos.  Además, se describe el macho de M. pankus Bzdyk y se reconoce M. cleomis Cockerell como una especie válida (nuevo estado) basado en una divergencia del COI (citocromo coxidasa, subunidad 1) de 1,45 %, respecto a las distribuciones con M. texana Cresson, y poblaciones del Este (M. texana) /Oeste (M. cleomis).  Basado en datos morfológicos y datos de la secuencia de COI, cuatro grupos de especies son reconocidos en Litomegachile.  Tambiense discuten posibles sinapormofias que apoyan la monofilia de estos grupos.

Description of two new species from China in a new species group of the fig wasp genus Sycophaga Westwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Agaonidae: Sycophaginae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4196 (4) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
YANG LIU ◽  
ZI LI ◽  
LINGYI JIA ◽  
DAWEI HUANG
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Fig Wasp ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Fig Tree ◽  
A New Species

A new species group, the brevis-group, is established for two new species of the fig wasp genus Sycophaga Westwood (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) reared from the monoecious fig tree Ficus orthoneura (Moraceae, Ficus, subgenus Urostigma) in China. The two new species, S. brevis n. sp. and S. diutius n. sp. are described and illustrated, supplemented by COI sequence data. In contrast with two other species groups newly recognized in Sycophaga, the explorator-group for species previously classified in Apocryptophagus Ashmead and the sycomori-group for other species previously classified in Sycophaga, the brevis-group is uniquely defined by the long pronotum of females and a Ficus host within the subgenus Urostigma. 

scholarly journals Molecular phylogeny of Hiptage (Malpighiaceae) reveals a new species from Southwest China

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Tan ◽  
Hai-Lei Zheng ◽  
Shu-Peng Dong ◽  
Ming-Xun Ren
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
Most Recent Common Ancestor ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

Hiptage is an Asia-endemic genus of Malpighiaceae currently placed in the tetrapteroid clade, representing one of the seven inter-continent dispersions from New to Old World. A molecular phylogeny based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was recovered for the first time for the genus. Our results showed that the most recent common ancestor of Hiptage probably originated in the South Indo-China Peninsula and diversified in this region. Based on phylogenetic evidence and relevant morphological traits, we propose a new species; Hiptage incurvatum is characterised by mericarps with arcuate anterior lateral wings, two large glands on the dorsal sepals, and small glands on the remaining sepals. The new species is from Mt. Cangshan, Dali City (25°35'N, 100°02'E) in North Yunnan, Southwest China and is notable for its occurrence at high altitude, 1400 m (the highest distribution currently known for the genus). The implications of this unusual species for the dispersal and evolution of the genus are discussed.

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