scholarly journals A Bayesian Belief Network approach to evaluating complex effects of irrigation-driven agricultural intensification scenarios on future aquatic environmental and economic values in a New Zealand catchment

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 460 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Quinn ◽  
Ross M. Monaghan ◽  
Vincent J. Bidwell ◽  
Simon R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Bayesian Belief Networks ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
On Farm

Agricultural intensification often has complex effects on a wide range of environmental and economic values, presenting planners with challenging decisions for optimising sustainable benefits. Bayesian Belief Networks (BBNs) can be used as a decision-support tool for evaluating the influence of development scenarios across a range of values. A BBN was developed to guide decisions on water abstraction and irrigation-driven land use intensification in the Hurunui River catchment, New Zealand. The BBN examines the combined effects of different irrigation water sources and four land development scenarios, with and without a suite of on-farm mitigations, on ground and surface water quality, key socioeconomic values (i.e. farm earnings and jobs, and contribution to regional gross domestic production (GDP)) and aquatic values (i.e. salmon, birds, waterscape, contact recreation, periphyton and invertebrates). It predicts high farm earnings, jobs and regional GDP with 150% increase in irrigated area, but a range of positive and negative aquatic environmental outcomes, depending on the location of water storage dams and the application of a suite of on-farm mitigations. This BBN synthesis of a complex system enhanced the ability to include aquatic values alongside economic and social values in land-use and water resource planning and decision making, and has influenced objective setting in Hurunui planning processes.

scholarly journals Integrating mixed-cell CA model and Bayesian belief networks to optimize ecosystem services for ecological restoration and conservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhou ◽  
Li Peng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Bayesian Belief Networks ◽  
The State ◽  
Belief Networks ◽  
Mixed Cell ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Ca Model

The complexity and uncertainty of land use and environmental factors pose challenges to the management decisions of ecological restoration and conservation.We integrated the mixed-cell CA model and Bayesian belief networks to develop an innovative method for optimizing ecosystem services under different land development scenarios, including consideration of the uncertainty and variability of factors.The southern region of Sichuan Province, China, was selected as an example.We first established three development scenarios between 2015 and 2035, namely, natural development scenario (NDS), ecological protection scenario (EPS), and cultivated land protection scenario (CLPS).The MCCA model was utilized to simulate the land use pattern in 2035 under different scenarios.We then construced a BBN-based model to investigate the carbon sequestration, grain supply, soil conservation, habitat quality, and water yield in 2035 under uncertain scenarios.After the sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the model, we determined the state combination of influential factors at various ecosystem service levels and the ecological restoration and conservation key areas.The obtained result showed that the key influencing factors impacting the ecosystem services level included NPP, Slope, forestland and ET, and the state combination corresponding to the highest level of ecosystem services was predominantly distributed in regions with the highest NPP, the highest Slope, the highest forestland area and low ET.Based on this finding, we proposed some suggestions for ecological restoration and conservation of key areas.This model considers uncertainties and is capable of providing scientific recommendations on restoration and conservation; therefore, it can serve as an effective tool to assist stakeholders in making decisions.

scholarly journals Envisioning a Future

IDEA JOURNAL ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Fleur Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Planning Law ◽  
Zoning Regulations ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Legislative Control

In Aotearoa (New Zealand), existing territorial legislation and provisions within planning law currently prevent Maori from fully entering into a negotiation with district councils, in terms of creating a vision for their future, without kowtowing to already established rules that conform to Western models of land use and Western ideas of how district councils think Maori should live. On Maori land, development is mainly restricted to farming activities, as most Maori land is rurally zoned. Maori own little land in urban centres or in commercial and industrial areas, as many were historically alienated from ancestral land, and as a consequence were excluded from towns in relation to land ownership. The structure of existing legislation does not encourage Maori to test their own ways of thinking in terms of how they want to occupy urban or rural areas. Existing territorial legislation also discourages Maori from exercising their imagination in terms of developing alternative models to zoning regulations, and thinking about how they could occupy space that they have been excluded from in a way that supports the economic and social development of their communities. What happens when Maori take control and visualise their own future, unburdened by the constraints of legislative control?

scholarly journals Implications of increased use of brought-in feeds on potential environmental effects of dairy farms in Waikato

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
S.F. Ledgard ◽  
N.L. Bartlett ◽  
P.J. Van Boheemen ◽  
B.R. Wilton ◽  
S.B. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Nutrient Efficiency ◽  
High Feed ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Farm System

Abstract The effects of increased use of brought-in feeds were evaluated across 25 dairy farms in central Waikato. Farms were classified into low, medium and high feedinput categories based on 1200 kg DM/cow, covering a range typical of that in the main dairying regions of New Zealand. Average milksolids (MS)/ha was 1087 and 1900 kg in the low and high feed-input categories, but total land-use/tonne MS was the same when all off-farm land was accounted for. Average estimated on-farm nitrogen (N) leaching increased from 26 to 30 kg N/ha/year between the low and high feed-input categories, but off-farm leaching sources were equivalent to an increase of 20 and 84%, respectively. Greenhouse gas emissions/on-farm hectare were 61% higher on high feed-input farms, but the carbon footprint and N leaching per tonne MS were similar across feed-input categories. High feed-input farms used feed-pads and increased effluent area (66 versus 21% of farm) to increase nutrient efficiency. Mitigation analyses indicated that N leaching could be decreased by optimising effluent area, reducing N fertiliser rate and utilising low-N feeds. Keywords: nitrogen leaching, whole farm system, greenhouse gases, land use

scholarly journals Ecology and Conservation of Steppes and Semi-Natural Grasslands

Hacquetia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Valkó ◽  
Michal Zmihorski ◽  
Idoia Biurrun ◽  
Jacqueline Loos ◽  
Rocco Labadessa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Agricultural Intensification ◽  
Systematic Search ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grassland Diversity ◽  
Good Potential

Abstract Palaearctic grasslands encompass a diverse variety of habitats, many of high nature value and vulnerability. The main challenges are climate-change, land-use change, agricultural intensification and abandonment. Many measures are in place to address these challenges, through restoration and appropriate management, though more work is necessary. We present eight studies from China/Germany, Greece, Kazakhstan, Russia and Ukraine. The papers cover a wide range of grassland and steppe habitats and cover vegetation ecology, syntaxonomy and zoology. We also conducted a systematic search on steppe and grassland diversity. The greatest number of studies was from China, followed by Germany and England. We conclude that the amount of research being carried out on Eurasian grasslands is inadequate considering their high levels of biodiversity and vulnerability. We hope to encourage readers to address current major challenges, such as how to manage grasslands for the benefit of diverse taxa, to ensure that conservation initiatives concentrate on sites where there is good potential for success and for the generation of realistic and viable conservation strategies.

Assessment of the Impact of Land Use on Recreational Waters Using Mathematical Models

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
J. C. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Land Development ◽  
System Response ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
The Impact

Mathematical models were used to assist in quantifying the impact of changing land use on the recreational waters of Pumicestone Passage. Runoff, washoff, hydrodynamic and water quality models were firstly calibrated and then used to predict levels of dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and E.coli in the Passage for two future land development scenarios. The models provided valuable tools for understanding the system response to non-point source pollutant loadings and assessing alternative scenarios. They indicated that planned development to the year 2000 would not result in significant water quality deterioration while extreme development is likely to do so to the extent of prejudicing some water uses.

scholarly journals CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES IN PASTORALISM

1987 ◽  
pp. 71-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin D. Meurk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Reserve Network ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Farm Tourism

New Zealand, because of its geographic isolation, harbours unique biological qualities. Human occupation inevitably disrupted this natural order. Gradual degradation of these natural qualities can easily go unnoticed and unchecked. The bulk of our nature reserves are on land unsuited to agriculture, whereas the significance and vulnerability of our total natural heritage requires a reserve network representing all land classes. To ensure protection of vital natural areas they must be of viable proportions and segregated from incompatible uses. There are practical and spiritual reasons for nature conservation which offer beneficial options for land use. A wide range of conservation measures is available to the landowner. Keywords: farm tourism, land management, multipurpose, nature conservation, reserves

scholarly journals Sustainable land use: A farm forester's perspective

2007 ◽  
pp. 107-109
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Sustainable Land Use ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Farm Forestry ◽  
Annual General Meeting ◽  
Round Wood ◽  
Soil Erosion Control ◽  
On Farm

With its first National Annual General Meeting in 1955, The New Zealand Farm Forestry Association was formed by farmers interested in planting trees for a variety of reasons: soil erosion control, shade and shelter for livestock, timber and round wood production for use on farm and logs for sale.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF IRRIGATION ON LIGHT LAND DEVELOPMENT IN MID CANTERBURY

1978 ◽  
pp. 187-187
Author(s):  
B.M. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intensive Land Use ◽  
Base Data

This thesis reviews the development over the past 30 years of an area of light land in Mid Canterbury, New Zealand. The aim is to examine the effect that irrigation has had on this development. Development is defined in terms of increased production, greater flexibility, or more intensive land use. Both archival research and a survey of a 30% random sample of farmers is used to gather base data from an irrigated and adjacent dryland zone. These zones have similar cultural and physical characteristics.

scholarly journals TOWARDS 2000: FARMING AND POTENTIAL: CENTRAL OTAGO

1987 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Incentive Scheme ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Merino Wool ◽  
Pastoral Farming

Central Otago is the driest, the coldest, as well as one of the hottest areas in New Zealand. Within Central Otago an enormous diversity of land use occurs. This ranges from intensive horticulture to extensive high country pastoral farming. Pastoral farming is perhaps best known for wool production, in particular merino wool. History tells us that sheep farming was profitable for many years and in 1871 Otago had 3.7 m sheep or about 4% of the national. Things were done on a grand scale in those early days. As an example, the woolshed on the Teviot run held 8,000 sheep and 40 shearing stands. History will also tell us that the Land Development Encouragement Loan Scheme (LDEL) and the Livestock Incentive Scheme (LIS) had an enormous impact on Central Otago. In Otago 195,000 ha of tussock country was oversown and topdressed and this accounted for 27% of the national total spent on LDEL. History will also tell us that 1985-86 was catastrophic financially for most pastoral farmers and the outlook for 1986-87 shows little improvement.

SOME TRENDS IN GRASSLAND FARMING IN EUROPE

1977 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
R.W. Brougham
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Wide Range

IN an assessment such as this, one could cover a wide range of topics fairly shallowly or a lesser number in a bit more depth. I have opted for the latter. The topics discussed will embrace some trends in dairying, beef farming, sheep farming, hill country farming, and land use generally, species and variety usage in grassland farming, use of crude protein produced from pasture, and some implications of energy usage.

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