Facing the future: the importance of substratum features for ecological engineering of artificial habitats in the rocky intertidal

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise B. Firth ◽  
Freya J. White ◽  
Meredith Schofield ◽  
Mick E. Hanley ◽  
Michael T. Burrows ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Trend ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Taxon Richness ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Artificial Habitats ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
North And South

Coastal defences are proliferating in response to climate change, leading to the creation of more vertical substrata. Efforts are being made to mitigate their impacts and create novel habitats to promote biodiversity. Little is known about the effect of aspect (i.e. north–south directionality) and inclination on intertidal biodiversity in artificial habitats. Artificial and natural habitats were compared to assess the role of aspect and substratum inclination in determining patterns of biodiversity at two tidal heights (high and mid). We also compared grazing activity between north- and south-facing surfaces in natural habitats to examine the potential for differential grazing pressure to affect community structure and functioning. Results were variable but some clear patterns emerged. Inclination had no effect on biodiversity or abundance. There was a general trend towards greater taxon richness and abundance on north-facing than south-facing substrata in natural and artificial habitats. On natural shores, the abundance and grazing activity of ‘southern’ limpets (i.e. Patella depressa) was greater on south-facing than north-facing substrata, with possible implications for further range-expansion. These results highlight the importance of incorporating shaded habitats in the construction of artificial habitats. These habitats may represent an important refuge from grazing pressure and thermal and desiccation stress in a warming climate.

scholarly journals Anthonomus rubi on Strawberry Fruit: Its Biology, Ecology, Damage, and Control from an IPM Perspective

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Tonina ◽  
Giulia Zanettin ◽  
Paolo Miorelli ◽  
Simone Puppato ◽  
Andrew G. S. Cuthbertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Potential Control ◽  
North East ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Anthonomus Rubi ◽  
And Control

The strawberry blossom weevil (SBW), Anthonomus rubi, is a well-documented pest of strawberry. Recently, in strawberry fields of Trento Province (north-east Italy), new noteworthy damage on fruit linked to SBW adults was observed, combined with a prolonged adult activity until the autumn. In this new scenario, we re-investigated SBW biology, ecology, monitoring tools, and potential control methods to develop Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. Several trials were conducted on strawberry in the laboratory, field and semi-natural habitats. The feeding activity of adult SBW results in small deep holes on berries at different stages, causing yield losses of up to 60%. We observed a prolonged survival of newly emerged adults (>240 days) along with their ability to sever flower buds without laying eggs inside them in the same year (one generation per year). SBW adults were present in the strawberry field year-round, with movement between crop and no crop habitats, underlying a potential role of other host/feeding plants to support its populations. Yellow sticky traps combined with synthetic attractants proved promising for both adult monitoring and mass trapping. Regarding control, adhesive tapes and mass trapping using green bucket pheromone traps gave unsatisfactory results, while the high temperatures provided by the black fabric, the periodic removal of severed buds or adults and Chlorpyrifos-methyl application constrained population build-up. The findings are important for the development of an IPM strategy.

The Role of Oceanic Heat Advection in the Evolution of Tropical North and South Atlantic SST Anomalies*

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 6122-6138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Foltz ◽  
Michael J. McPhaden
Keyword(s):  
Surface Flux ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Heat Advection ◽  
Horizontal Advection ◽  
Latent Heat Loss ◽  
North And South ◽  
Sst Gradient ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract The role of horizontal oceanic heat advection in the generation of tropical North and South Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is investigated through an analysis of the oceanic mixed layer heat balance. It is found that SST anomalies poleward of 10° are driven primarily by a combination of wind-induced latent heat loss and shortwave radiation. Away from the eastern boundary, horizontal advection damps surface flux–forced SST anomalies due to a combination of mean meridional Ekman currents acting on anomalous meridional SST gradients, and anomalous meridional currents acting on the mean meridional SST gradient. Horizontal advection is likely to have the most significant effect on the interhemispheric SST gradient mode through its impact in the 10°–20° latitude bands of each hemisphere, where the variability in advection is strongest and its negative correlation with the surface heat flux is highest. In addition to the damping effect of horizontal advection in these latitude bands, evidence for coupled wind–SST feedbacks is found, with anomalous equatorward (poleward) SST gradients contributing to enhanced (reduced) westward surface winds and an equatorward propagation of SST anomalies.

scholarly journals Links between plant species’ spatial and temporal responses to a warming climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1779) ◽  
pp. 20133017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
Robert P. Freckleton ◽  
Simon A. Queenborough ◽  
Simon W. Doxford ◽  
Richard J. Smithers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Phenological Changes

To generate realistic projections of species’ responses to climate change, we need to understand the factors that limit their ability to respond. Although climatic niche conservatism, the maintenance of a species’s climatic niche over time, is a critical assumption in niche-based species distribution models, little is known about how universal it is and how it operates. In particular, few studies have tested the role of climatic niche conservatism via phenological changes in explaining the reported wide variance in the extent of range shifts among species. Using historical records of the phenology and spatial distribution of British plants under a warming climate, we revealed that: (i) perennial species, as well as those with weaker or lagged phenological responses to temperature, experienced a greater increase in temperature during flowering (i.e. failed to maintain climatic niche via phenological changes); (ii) species that failed to maintain climatic niche via phenological changes showed greater northward range shifts; and (iii) there was a complementary relationship between the levels of climatic niche conservatism via phenological changes and range shifts. These results indicate that even species with high climatic niche conservatism might not show range shifts as instead they track warming temperatures during flowering by advancing their phenology.

Recent Research on the Archaeology of War and Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consequences Of Violence

The mid-1990s through the first decade of the new millennium marked an increase in publications pertaining to war and violence in the ancient past. This review considers how scholars of the past decade have responded to that work. The emerging consensus is that war and violence were endemic to all societies studied by archaeologists, and yet the frequency, intensity, causes, and consequences of violence were highly variable for reasons that defy simplistic explanation. The general trend has been toward archaeologies of war and violence that focus on understanding the nuances of particular places and historical moments. Nevertheless, archaeologists continue to grapple with grand narratives of war, such as the proposition that violence has decreased from ancient to modern times and the role of war and violence in state formation and collapse. Recent research also draws attention to a more expansive definition of violence. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 50 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Conclusion: lessons learned and tensions exposed

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter North ◽  
Molly Scott Cato
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Lost Decade ◽  
Global North ◽  
Social Economies ◽  
North And South

This concluding chapter draws together lessons learned from the encounters between social economy activists and academics from Latin America and Europe which were brought together in this collection. It discusses the role of antagonism in social economies, especially in the light of austerity in Europe – and Latin America’s experiences of a lost decade. It discusses tensions between the benefits of top down, centralised, state delivered welfare, and grassroots creativity, arguing for the development of 45 degree politics that maintains the best of both conceptions, with the state maintaining universal access and sufficient resources, while grassroots actors ensure that initiatives are tailored to local needs. Finally it brings together arguments for the need for the SSE sector to develop conceptions of prosperous livelihoods providing dignity and inclusion for those currently denied a livelihood with dignity in the concept of the Anthropocene. It concludes by arguing that these conceptions can best be developed though continued dialogue between actors in the global North and South.

scholarly journals Inquality and the Future of Global History: A Round Table Discussion

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-81
Author(s):  
Julia McClure ◽  
Amitava Chowdhury ◽  
Sarah Easterby-Smith ◽  
Norberto Ferreras ◽  
Omar Gueye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Global History ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The University ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Local Levels

The following is an edited transcript of a roundtable that took place at the University of Glasgow in September 2018. The roundtable was organized by Dr. Julia McClure in conjunction with the Poverty Research Network’s conference - Beyond Development: The Local Visions of Global Poverty. That conference brought into focus the ways in which the global and local levels meet at the site of poverty and highlighted the different conceptions on the global are generated from the perspective of poverty. The roundtable brought together leading scholars from Europe, Africa, Asia and North and South America to take stock of global history as a field, to consider the role of existing centres of knowledge production, and to assess new directions for the field.

scholarly journals Anthropocene and “Development”: Intertwined Trajectories Since the Beginning of The Great Acceleration

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 400-413
Author(s):  
Marina Dantas de Figueiredo ◽  
Fábio Freitas Schilling Marquesan ◽  
José Miguel Imas
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Model ◽  
Environmental Crisis ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Global North ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Great Acceleration ◽  
North And South

ABSTRACT Objectives: We aim to propose the thesis that the trajectories of the Anthropocene and the current mainstream understandings of development are intertwined from the beginning. It means that the Anthropocene and the “development” are coetaneous: the implementation of development policies for the so-considered underdeveloped regions started to happen at the same time of what is known as The Great Acceleration of production, consumption and environmental degradation in a global level. Method: In this conceptual paper, we adopt a decolonial critique as an analytical lens and argue that different geopolitical positions may be necessary for approaching the issue of the Anthropocene from epistemological reflections that can include the cultural and political context of the production and reproduction of local knowledge. Results: Our theoretical argumentation sheds light on the role of Global North and South relations in shaping the environmental crisis. Latin America (LA) exemplifies the modus operandi of the intertwinement of the practical effects of development policies and the environmental consequences underlying the Anthropocene, in which natural resources are over-explored to satisfy export-oriented trade, from the South toward the North. LA is not only a propitious context to show the validity of our thesis, but also the source of alternatives to such developmental model. Conclusion: The emphasis on development as a cause of the Anthropocene supports The Great Acceleration thesis. The proposition of the name Developmentocene comes from the thesis that development and Anthropocene are coetaneous, the intertwinement of both resulting in the very definition of the new epoch.

scholarly journals Foreign free software for computerized library information systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
O. V. Izmestyeva ◽  
D. S. Matusevich
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Competitive Market ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Community Trust

Free software enables its free use by anyone under observance of user proprietary rights. The authors review the market of free computerized library information systems. The origins for applying free ALIS are specified; free Evergreen и Koha ALIS are characterized and compared; the list of foreign free ALIS, date and state of development are specified. The methodology for ALIS market estimation is suggested; the role of ALIS developing and related communities is emphasized. The library and designer aspects of ALIS development are described. The new phenomenon of «donation culture» emerged due to implementing free software in libraries. The typical copyright conflict around Koha ALIS between proprietors and independent designers (the latter won with establishing community trust) is described. Using free ALIS follows the general trend of applying free software in public offices, with all advantages and disadvantages of this information infrastructure. As a result, free software is often opposed by the proprietary one, however both components make the competitive market offering users to make choice of ALIS of appropriate price/quality balance. 

Martineau, the Press and Jacksonian America

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-94
Author(s):  
Iain Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
Critical Reception ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Free Press ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
The Press ◽  
The City ◽  
North And South

Chapter Two considers Martineau’s American visit, the ways in which the three books she wrote out of it depict the role of education and a free press in the formation of American democracy, and the critical reception they received on both sides of the Atlantic. By contrast with the dichotomous readings of a nation divided between North and South along the lines of slave-ownership that have been the norm in studies of her visit, this chapter argues that the American books offer a more nuanced analysis of a society whose regional variations are most fully understood in terms of the extent to which they either have developed or constrained the development of a free press and a print culture that facilitates the evolution and implementation of liberal ideals. It pays particular attention to Martineau’s representation of the western states and, above all, Cincinnati, which she portrays as an exemplar of economic and moral stadial progress and as a counter to Boston, for her the ‘city of cant’ and an unexpected bastion of resistance to liberal change. Finally, the chapter shows how Martineau returned home committed to finding ways in which her work could participate in and contribute to America’s continuing advance and, in particular, focused upon prospective roles for herself in supporting the interwoven causes of abolitionism and of women’s ability to become agents of social progress.

The Experience of CALM Training

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Gary Rodin ◽  
Sarah Hales
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Clinical Encounters ◽  
Training And Supervision ◽  
Supportive Community ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

This chapter discusses the central role of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) training and supervision in refining the CALM intervention and in building a supportive community of peers for clinicians. The elements of CALM training are outlined. In both the introductory and advanced CALM workshops, actual cases have been vital in illustrating CALM content and process. Representative clinical encounters have been provided with the aid of trained actors or by presentation of actual videotaped CALM sessions. These workshops have been highly rated by trainees, with clinician attendees often feeling inspired and supported in their work as a result of CALM training. The benefits of CALM training are evident in the implementation of CALM in various settings in Asia, Europe, and in North and South America.

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