Occurrence characteristics of harmful and non-harmful algal species related to coastal environments in the southern sea of Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Ho Kim ◽  
Minji Lee ◽  
Young Kyun Lim ◽  
Yun Ji Kim ◽  
Seung Ho Baek
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Phytoplankton Community ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Occurrence Characteristics ◽  
Hab Species

Because the phytoplankton community and blooms are regulated by various environmental factors, it is difficult to define the cause and occurrence of the phenomenon of harmful algal blooms (HABs). This study evaluated the phytoplankton community and occurrence characteristic of HAB species related to coastal environments in South Korea, 2016. In summer, because of strong upwelling event, the surface sweater temperature around Geoje Island was abnormally low (17°C), and an unusual high temperature (29°C) and low salinity (29psu) were measured in offshore area. Diatoms and dinoflagellates showed contrasting occurrences during the survey period. Diatoms were dominant in the inshore area, whereas dinoflagellates occurred in the offshore area. The phytoplankton-community structures were established depending on different hydro-oceanographic characteristics. In statistical analysis, HABs of dinoflagellate Karenia appeared in upwelling areas with a high nutritional content, whereas Gymnodinium, Gyrodinium and Prorocentrum appeared in areas of low nutrients in June, and HAB species showed an equivalent tendency to appear at high water temperature and low saline level in August. Our results indicated that hydro-oceanographic events such as river discharge, current and upwelling play important roles in determining the phytoplankton community and potential occurrence characteristics of HABs in the coastal environment of South Korea.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Distribution of Harmful Algal Flora in the Tropical Estuarine Complex of Goa, India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suraksha M. Pednekar ◽  
S. G. Prabhu Matondkar ◽  
Vijaya Kerkar
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tropical Estuarine ◽  
Mandovi And Zuari Estuaries ◽  
Hab Species

Mandovi and Zuari estuarine complex is monsoon-influenced estuaries located along the central west coast of India. During the past few years, there has been an increase in nutrient loading specially during monsoonal runoff which is responsible for the growth of harmful algal flora. To understand occurrence and distribution of harmful algal blooms species, daily/alternate day samplings were carried out in Mandovi and Zuari estuaries during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 periods, respectively, comprising of monsoon (June–November) and nonmonsoon (December–May). In Mandovi, total 54 HAB species with 49 in monsoon and 36 during nonmonsoon period were reported. In Zuari, total 46 HAB species with 38 in monsoon and 41 were reported during nonmonsoon period. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis based on log-transformed phytoplankton density detected seven well-defined groups revealing spatiotemporal variability. The density of the dominant harmful algal species was significantly positively correlated with nutrients, but negatively correlated with salinity. The results of the study indicate that monsoon plays an important role in occurrence and distribution of harmful algal species having direct correlation with salinity variations and nutrient loading.

scholarly journals Promotion of harmful algal blooms by zooplankton predatory activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditee Mitra ◽  
Kevin J Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Stress ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Hab Species

The relationship between algae and their zooplanktonic predators typically involves consumption of nutrients by algae, grazing of the algae by zooplankton which in turn enhances predator biomass, controls algal growth and regenerates nutrients. Eutrophication raises nutrient levels, but does not simply increase normal predator–prey activity; rather, harmful algal bloom (HAB) events develop often with serious ecological and aesthetic implications. Generally, HAB species are outwardly poor competitors for nutrients, while their development of grazing deterrents during nutrient stress ostensibly occurs too late, after the nutrients have largely been consumed already by fast-growing non-HAB species. A new mechanism is presented to explain HAB dynamics under these circumstances. Using a multi-nutrient predator–prey model, it is demonstrated that these blooms can develop through the self-propagating failure of normal predator–prey activity, resulting in the transfer of nutrients into HAB growth at the expense of competing algal species. Rate limitation of this transfer provides a continual level of nutrient stress that results in HAB species exhibiting grazing deterrents protecting them from top-down control. This process is self-stabilizing as long as nutrient demand exceeds supply, maintaining the unpalatable status of HABs; such events are most likely under eutrophic conditions with skewed nutrient ratios.

Harmful algal blooms and liver diseases: focusing on the areas near the four major rivers in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 356-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungjun Lee ◽  
Jinnam Kim ◽  
Boseung Choi ◽  
Gijung Kim ◽  
Jiyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Algal Blooms

scholarly journals Harmful Algal Blooms: Physiology, Behavior, Population Dynamics and Global Impacts- A Review

2005 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
H.M. Al-Ghelani ◽  
A.Y.A AlKindi ◽  
S. Amer ◽  
Y.K Al-Akhzami
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Global Impacts ◽  
Anthropogenic Loading ◽  
Global Increase

Harmful, toxic algae are now considered as one of the important players in the newly emerging environmental risk factors. The apparent global increase in harmful algal blooms (HABs) is becoming a serious problem in both aquaculture and fisheries populations. Not only has the magnitude and intensity of public health and economic impacts of these blooms increased in recent years, but the number of geographic locations experiencing toxic algal blooms has also increased dramatically. There are two primary factors causing HABs outbreaks. The natural processes such as upwelling and relaxation, and the anthropogenic loading resulting in eutrophication. However, the influence of global climate changes on algal bloom phenomenon cannot be ignored. The problem warrants development of effective strategies for the management and mitigation of HABs. Progress made in the routine coastal monitoring programs, development of methods for detection of algal species and toxins and coastal modeling activities for predicting HABs reflect the international concerns regarding the impacts of HABs. Innovative techniques using molecular probes will hopefully result in development of rapid, reliable screening methods for phycotoxins and the causative organisms.            

scholarly journals Comparison of Short-Term Toxicity of 14 Common Phycotoxins (Alone and in Combination) To The Survival of Brine Shrimp Artemia Salina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ting Zhang ◽  
Shanshan SONG ◽  
Bin ZHANG ◽  
Yang ZHANG ◽  
Miao TIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Marine Organisms ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs) can cause deleterious effects in marine organisms, threatening the stability of marine ecosystems. It is well known that different strains, natural populations and growth conditions of the same toxic algal species may lead to different amount of phycotoxin production and the ensuing toxicity. To fully assess the ecological risk of toxic HABs, it is of great importance to investigate the toxic effects of phycotoxins in marine organisms. In this study, the short-term toxicity of 14 common phycotoxins (alone and in combination) in the marine zooplankton Artemia salina was investigated. On the basis of 48 h LC50, the order of toxicity in A. salina was AZA3 (with a LC50 of 0.0203 µg/ml)＞AZA2 (0.0273 µg/ml) ＞PTX2 (0.0396 µg/ml)＞DTX1 (0.0819 µg/ml)＞AZA1 (0.106 µg/ml)＞ SPX1 (0.144 µg/ml)＞YTX (0.172 µg/ml)＞dcSTX (0.668 µg/ml)＞OA (0.728 µg/ml)＞STX (1.042 µg/ml)＞GYM (1.069 µg/ml)＞PbTx3 (1.239 µg/ml)＞hYTX (1.799 µg/ml)＞PbTx2 (2.415 µg/ml). For the binary exposure, additive effects of OA and DTX1, DTX1 and hYTX; antagonistic effects of OA and PTX2, OA and STX; and synergetic effects of DTX1 and STX, DTX1 and YTX, DTX1 and PTX2, PTX2 and hYTX on the mortality of A. salina were observed. These results provide valuable toxicological data for assessing the impact of phycotoxins on marine planktonic species and highlight the potential ecological risk of toxic HABs in marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals Review of Harmful Algal Blooms in the Coastal Mediterranean Sea, with a Focus on Greek Waters

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 396
Author(s):  
Christina Tsikoti ◽  
Savvas Genitsaris
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Marine Eutrophication

Anthropogenic marine eutrophication has been recognized as one of the major threats to aquatic ecosystem health. In recent years, eutrophication phenomena, prompted by global warming and population increase, have stimulated the proliferation of potentially harmful algal taxa resulting in the prevalence of frequent and intense harmful algal blooms (HABs) in coastal areas. Numerous coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea (MS) are under environmental pressures arising from human activities that are driving ecosystem degradation and resulting in the increase of the supply of nutrient inputs. In this review, we aim to present the recent situation regarding the appearance of HABs in Mediterranean coastal areas linked to anthropogenic eutrophication, to highlight the features and particularities of the MS, and to summarize the harmful phytoplankton outbreaks along the length of coastal areas of many localities. Furthermore, we focus on HABs documented in Greek coastal areas according to the causative algal species, the period of occurrence, and the induced damage in human and ecosystem health. The occurrence of eutrophication-induced HAB incidents during the past two decades is emphasized.

Unprecedented toxic algal blooms impact on Tasmanian seafood industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustaaf Hallegraeff ◽  
Christopher Bolch
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Rock Lobster ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Seafood Industry ◽  
Hab Species

While most microscopic algae provide food for filter-feeding shellfish and larvae of crustaceans and finfish, other so-called Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) can have negative effects, causing severe economic losses to aquaculture, fisheries and tourism. Of greatest concern to human society are blooms of toxic HAB species that cause illness and death of fish, seabirds and mammals via toxins transferred through the food web. Unprecedented Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) blooms along the East Coast of Tasmania in 2012 and 2015, a previously low biotoxin risk area, led to major impacts on the local oyster, mussel, scallop and rock lobster industries. Four human hospitalisations also occurred from eating wild shellfish.

scholarly journals Bacterial Composition Associated With Giant Colonies of the Harmful Algal Species Phaeocystis globosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Zhu ◽  
Rui Meng ◽  
Walker O. Smith Jr. ◽  
Hai Doan-Nhu ◽  
Lam Nguyen-Ngoc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Colony Development ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Phaeocystis Globosa ◽  
Ambient Seawater ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Bacterial Consortia

The cosmopolitan algae Phaeocystis globosa forms harmful algal blooms frequently in a number of tropical and subtropical coastal regions in the past two decades. During the bloom, the giant colony, which is formed by P. globosa, is the dominant morphotype. However, the microenvironment and the microbial composition in the intracolonial fluid are poorly understood. Here, we used high-throughput 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to examine the bacterial composition and predicted functions in intracolonial fluid. Compared with the bacterial consortia in ambient seawater, intracolonial fluids possessed the lower levels of microbial richness and diversity, implying selectivity of bacteria by the unique intracolonial microenvironment enclosed within the P. globosa polysaccharide envelope. The bacterial consortia in intracolonial fluid were dominated by Balneola (48.6% of total abundance) and Labrezia (28.5%). The bacteria and microbial function enriched in intracolonial fluid were involved in aromatic benzenoid compounds degradation, DMSP and DMS production and consumption, and antibacterial compounds synthesis. We suggest that the P. globosa colonial envelope allows for the formation of a specific microenvironment; thus, the unique microbial consortia inhabiting intracolonial fluid has close interaction with P. globosa cells, which may benefit colony development.

scholarly journals Fiber-Optic Microarray for Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Harmful Algal Bloom Species

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 5742-5749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soohyoun Ahn ◽  
David M. Kulis ◽  
Deana L. Erdner ◽  
Donald M. Anderson ◽  
David R. Walt
Keyword(s):  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Sandwich Hybridization ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Hab Species

ABSTRACT Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a serious threat to coastal resources, causing a variety of impacts on public health, regional economies, and ecosystems. Plankton analysis is a valuable component of many HAB monitoring and research programs, but the diversity of plankton poses a problem in discriminating toxic from nontoxic species using conventional detection methods. Here we describe a sensitive and specific sandwich hybridization assay that combines fiber-optic microarrays with oligonucleotide probes to detect and enumerate the HAB species Alexandrium fundyense, Alexandrium ostenfeldii, and Pseudo-nitzschia australis. Microarrays were prepared by loading oligonucleotide probe-coupled microspheres (diameter, 3 μm) onto the distal ends of chemically etched imaging fiber bundles. Hybridization of target rRNA from HAB cells to immobilized probes on the microspheres was visualized using Cy3-labeled secondary probes in a sandwich-type assay format. We applied these microarrays to the detection and enumeration of HAB cells in both cultured and field samples. Our study demonstrated a detection limit of approximately 5 cells for all three target organisms within 45 min, without a separate amplification step, in both sample types. We also developed a multiplexed microarray to detect the three HAB species simultaneously, which successfully detected the target organisms, alone and in combination, without cross-reactivity. Our study suggests that fiber-optic microarrays can be used for rapid and sensitive detection and potential enumeration of HAB species in the environment.

scholarly journals Predicting Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) in a Regulated River Using a Revised EFDC Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Jung Min Ahn ◽  
Jungwook Kim ◽  
Lan Joo Park ◽  
Jihye Jeon ◽  
Jaehun Jong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Regulated River ◽  
Water Current ◽  
Harmful Cyanobacteria ◽  
Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms ◽  
The Nakdong River

Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Blooms (CyanoHABs) produce toxins and odors in public water bodies and drinking water. Current process-based models predict algal blooms by modeling chlorophyll-a concentrations. However, chlorophyll-a concentrations represent all algae and hence, a method for predicting the proportion of harmful cyanobacteria is required. We proposed a technique to predict harmful cyanobacteria concentrations based on the source codes of the Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code from the National Institute of Environmental Research. A graphical user interface was developed to generate information about general water quality and algae which was subsequently used in the model to predict harmful cyanobacteria concentrations. Predictive modeling was performed for the Hapcheon-Changnyeong Weir–Changnyeong-Haman Weir section of the Nakdong River, South Korea, from May to October 2019, the season in which CyanoHABs predominantly occur. To evaluate the success rate of the proposed model, a detailed five-step classification of harmful cyanobacteria levels was proposed. The modeling results demonstrated high prediction accuracy (62%) for harmful cyanobacteria. For the management of CyanoHABs, rather than chlorophyll-a, harmful cyanobacteria should be used as the index, to allow for a direct inference of their cell densities (cells/mL). The proposed method may help improve the existing Harmful Algae Alert System in South Korea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document