A Population Study of the Tasmanian "Commercial" Scallop, Notovola meridionalis (Tate) (Lamellibranchiata, Pectinidae)

1953 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Fairbridge
Keyword(s):  
Composition Studies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Apparent Variation

The "commercial" scallop supports a dredge fishery in the D'Entrecasteaux Channel, Tasmania. There is probably a genetically homogeneous population in this area, and the juveniles possibly move from bed to bed, but the adult scallops form discrete, stable communities. The statistical history of the fishery reveals a marked decline in the availability of scallops since some time between 1941 and 1945. A more exact slatement cannot be made because fishing efforts in war time were not comparable in efficiency with those made before and since. Furthermore, before 1941 a second species of scallop was also fished, but not distinguished in the catch records. The rings in the shell are formed annually and can thus be used for age determination. This can be demonstrated directly in young scallops by comparing the growth at the edge of the shell at successive seasons of the year. In older scallops the growth increments are too small to compare in the same way; the evidence of the annual character of the rings is here mainly indirect, although in its totality convincing. There is distinct variation in growth rate between different beds, and apparent variation between different age-groups from the same bed. The age and size composition of the stocks were studied from samples taken from several representative beds from 1944 to 1949. The age composition studies showed that the year-classes produced in the period extending approximately from 1939 to 1941 predominated, and that very little recruitment had occurred since that period; the results of the size composition studies confirmed this. Scallop fishermen agreed that snlall scallops had been unusually scarce in the Channel for many years. It is concluded that the scallop population is suffering primarily from a severe long-term shortage of recruits, the cause of which, although apparently natural, is unknown; and secondarily from overfishing, as the fishermen exhaust, one after another, the aging, isolated subpopulations of adults on the different beds. Unless ample numbers of recruits soon reappear, the fishery may come to an end. (Since Mr. Fairbridge wrote this paper some beds of juvenile scallops have been located. Although the beds are not large, their presence indicates that the Channel population is still reproducing and that there could be a return to years of good recruit broods.)

Social Security

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry DeWitt ◽  
Edward D. Berkowitz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Older People ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
History Of ◽  
Government Benefits

This chapter considers the history of Social Security, arguing that the 1950 amendments represented the fundamental adjustment that allowed the program’s long-term survival. It analyzes current issues in Social Security related to gender, race, and the program’s long-term solvency. It concludes that Social Security has legitimized the receipt of government benefits among many Americans and changed the nature of old age in the United States by providing older people with a guaranteed means of support. A large and costly program, Social Security has evolved into the United States’ major antipoverty program. Nonetheless it faces the criticism of those who argue that it favors older people over other age groups and that it represents an inefficient form of government coercion. Whether the program will be sustained in the future or modified in a significant way remains a critical question.

Outcomes of spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
O.M. Zнukova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Tereshchenko ◽  
I.G. Trifanenkova ◽  
M.S. Tereshchenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Spontaneous Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Ophthalmological Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Long Term Observation ◽  
Timely Treatment

Purpose. To analyze postnatal outcomes in children with spontaneous ROP regression. Material and methods. The study included 37 children (74 eyes) with spontaneous ROP regression. Gestational age was ranged from 23 to 32 weeks, body weight - from 493 to 1660 g at birth. Depending on the observation period, the children were divided into 2 age groups: 1 - from 1 month to 4 years old - 31 children (62 eyes), 2 - from 9 to 13 years old - 6 children (12 eyes). The diagnostics included standard ophthalmological examinations and additional methods. Results. In the first group, upon reaching the age of 1-year, complete retinal vascularization was observed in 26 (83%) cases (52 eyes). 5 children (10 eyes) had a narrow retinal avascular zone in the temporal segment. In the second group, in cases of postponed 3-rd stage of ROP, more severe disorders in the peripheral parts of the retina were revealed: compaction of the posterior hyaloid membrane with fixation and zones of traction retinoschisis of varying length. In the first years of life, all patients with ROP had a history of predominantly hyperopic refraction (94%). However, myopic refraction prevailed (82%) in the second group of children reaching school age. Conclusion. Considering the significant variability of the clinical manifestations of the cicatricial stage of ROP with spontaneous regression, long-term observation and a comprehensive ophthalmological examination of this group of patients are necessary for timely treatment. Key words: retinopathy of prematurity, spontaneous regression, cicatricial phase.

Dutch Intervention Programmes for Children of Mentally Ill Parents

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S38-S38
Author(s):  
T. Van Amelsvoort
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Current Program ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Prevention ◽  
Program Innovation ◽  
Multicomponent Program ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Multiple Domains

This presentation reports on the outcomes of a practice-based and science-based enterprise in the Netherlands to develop a comprehensive national prevention program focused on children of parents with a mental illness. An outline of the multicomponent program is presented which includes a wide set of interventions that address evidence-based risk factors and protective factors in multiple domains, including children in different age groups, parents and families, social networks, professionals and the community as a whole.The 20-year history of this program illustrates the importance of long-term collaborative investments that are required of practitioners, policymakers and scientists to develop and implement a nationwide, comprehensive approach for addressing the prevalent transmission of psychiatric problems from parent to child. The results of recently undertaken controlled efficacy studies of various preventive interventions are presented, as well as findings from process evaluations. Also, strengths and weaknesses of the current program are discussed and recommendations will be offered for the main challenges ahead in terms of program innovation, implementation and research.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

40Ar–39Ar biotite and hornblende geochronology from the Oskarshamn area, SE Sweden: discerning multiple Proterozoic tectonothermal events

2008 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
PIA SÖDERLUND ◽  
LAURENCE M. PAGE ◽  
ULF SÖDERLUND
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cooling History ◽  
Complex Deformation ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Surface Samples ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fast Cooling

AbstractTwelve40Ar–39Ar biotite and four hornblende age determinations have been carried out to constrain the cooling history of the Proterozoic bedrock near Oskarshamn, SE Sweden, an area identified as a possible site for long-term nuclear waste storage. The bedrock hostsc.1.80 Ga granites and diorites of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt and two 1.45–1.44 Ga granite intrusions, the Götemar and Uthammar plutons. Biotite was selected from three surface samples, representing both the older rocks and the younger granites, and from three cored boreholes at nine different depth levels. Hornblende was extracted from samples at the top and bottom of one borehole and at two sub-surface levels of another borehole. Three age groups were distinguished: ≥1.62 Ga, 1.51–1.47 Ga and 1.43–1.42 Ga. In the first group, two hornblende analyses yielded ages of 1799±4 Ma and 1773±13 Ma, which indicate initial fast cooling after emplacement of 1.80 Ga rocks of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt. Two biotite ages of 1618±7 Ma and 1621±3 Ma are interpreted to date final cooling, through 300 °C, after the youngest suite (1.68–1.67 Ga) of the Transscandinavian Igneous Belt in south-central Sweden. Seven biotite ages, in the range 1.51–1.47 Ga, are enigmatic to interpret but largely coincide in age with the end of widespread rapakivi magmatism in Fennoscandia and the initiation of the Danopolonian event. The 1.43–1.42 Ga biotite and hornblende ages reflect cooling after thermal heating from the 1.45–1.44 Ga Götemar and Uthammar plutons. Later events thermally affected the bedrock in the Oskarshamn area as indicated by a poorly defined biotite age of 928±6 Ma and other disturbed40Ar–39Ar ages of samples bordering a complex deformation zone.

Incidence of Stroke in Immigrants to Canada: A Province-wide Retrospective Analysis

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012555
Author(s):  
Manav V. Vyas ◽  
Peter C. Austin ◽  
Priscila Pequeno ◽  
Jiming Fang ◽  
Frank L. Silver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stroke Type ◽  
Other World ◽  
Ischemic Attack

Objective:To evaluate the association between immigration status and stroke incidence.Methods:We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 8 million adults (15% immigrants) residing in Ontario, Canada on January 1, 2003, with no history of prior stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Subjects were followed until March 31, 2018 to identify incident stroke or TIA, defined as hospitalization or emergency room visit. We calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of stroke or TIA in immigrants compared to long-term residents using cause-specific hazard models, adjusting for demographics and comorbidities. We evaluated whether the association varied by age, stroke type or country of origin of immigrants.Results:During 109 million person-years follow-up, we observed 235,336 incident stroke or TIA events. Compared to long-term residents, immigrants had a lower rate of stroke or TIA (10.9 vs. 23.4 per 10,000 person-years, HR 0.67; 0.66-0.68). This was true across all age groups and stroke types, with a HR in immigrants vs. long-term residents for ischemic stroke of 0.71 (0.69-0.72), intracerebral hemorrhage 0.89 (0.85-0.93), subarachnoid hemorrhage 0.85 (0.81-0.91), and TIA 0.53 (0.51-0.54). The magnitude of the reduction in stroke risk associated with immigration status was less pronounced in immigrants from the Caribbean (HR 0.95; 0.91-1.00), Latin America (HR 0.85;0.82-0.91) and Africa (HR 0.80; 0.74-0.85) than in those from other world regions.Conclusions:Immigrants have a lower rate of stroke or TIA than long-term residents with variation by age, stroke type and country of origin. This knowledge may be useful for developing targeted primary stroke prevention strategies.

Atypical Femoral Fracture in McCune-Albright Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Salman Ghaffari ◽  
◽  
Mehran Razavipour ◽  
Parastoo Mohammad Amini ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Fracture ◽  
Dynamic Compression ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Medullary Canal ◽  
Mccune Albright Syndrome ◽  
Café Au Lait Spots ◽  
History Of ◽  
Albright Syndrome ◽  
Mccune Albright

McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is characterized by endocrinopathies, café-au-lait spots, and fibrous dysplasia. Bisphosphonates are the most prescribed treatment for reducing the pain but their long-term use has been associated with atypical fractures of cortical bones like femur in patients. We present a 23-year-old girl diagnosed with MAS. She had an atypical mid-shaft left femoral fracture that happened during simple walking. She also had a history of long-term use of alendronate. Because of the narrow medullary canal, we used 14 holes hybrid locking plate for the lateral aspect of the thigh to fix the fracture and 5 holes dynamic compression plate (instead of the intramedullary nail) in the anterior surface to double fix it, reducing the probability of device failure. With double plate fixation and discontinuation of alendronate, the complete union was achieved five months after surgery

European Integration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann P. Arnason
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Totalitarian Regimes ◽  
The Eu

Different understandings of European integration, its background and present problems are represented in this book, but they share an emphasis on historical processes, geopolitical dynamics and regional diversity. The introduction surveys approaches to the question of European continuities and discontinuities, before going on to an overview of chapters. The following three contributions deal with long-term perspectives, including the question of Europe as a civilisational entity, the civilisational crisis of the twentieth century, marked by wars and totalitarian regimes, and a comparison of the European Union with the Habsburg Empire, with particular emphasis on similar crisis symptoms. The next three chapters discuss various aspects and contexts of the present crisis. Reflections on the Brexit controversy throw light on a longer history of intra-Union rivalry, enduring disputes and changing external conditions. An analysis of efforts to strengthen the EU’s legal and constitutional framework, and of resistances to them, highlights the unfinished agenda of integration. A closer look at the much-disputed Islamic presence in Europe suggests that an interdependent radicalization of Islamism and the European extreme right is a major factor in current political developments. Three concluding chapters adopt specific regional perspectives. Central and Eastern European countries, especially Poland, are following a path that leads to conflicts with dominant orientations of the EU, but this also raises questions about Europe’s future. The record of Scandinavian policies in relation to Europe exemplifies more general problems faced by peripheral regions. Finally, growing dissonances and divergences within the EU may strengthen the case for Eurasian perspectives.

The natural history of pituitary apoplexy: long term follow-up study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Shaikh ◽  
Natasha Shrikrishnapalasuriyar ◽  
Giselle Sharaf ◽  
David Price ◽  
Maneesh Udiawar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
History Of

1386-P: Long-Term Weight Change after Pregnancy and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Women with a History of Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1386-P
Author(s):  
SYLVIA E. BADON ◽  
FEI XU ◽  
CHARLES QUESENBERRY ◽  
ASSIAMIRA FERRARA ◽  
MONIQUE M. HEDDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
History Of

COVID - 19 AND THE PROBLEM OF PERSONALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mazaeva N.A. ◽  
Golovina A.G.
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Age Dependent

In order to determine possible trends in the dynamics and characterological structure of personality in the General population caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a long-term strong stressful effect and clinically and psychopathologically comparable to chronic personality changes after experiencing a disaster, the conditions predisposing to personal transformation, including clinical and prognostic patterns, are analyzed. The age-dependent nature of these changes is shown, and a number of features identified for different age groups are discussed.

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