COVID - 19 AND THE PROBLEM OF PERSONALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mazaeva N.A. ◽  
Golovina A.G.
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Age Dependent

In order to determine possible trends in the dynamics and characterological structure of personality in the General population caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a long-term strong stressful effect and clinically and psychopathologically comparable to chronic personality changes after experiencing a disaster, the conditions predisposing to personal transformation, including clinical and prognostic patterns, are analyzed. The age-dependent nature of these changes is shown, and a number of features identified for different age groups are discussed.

scholarly journals Association Between Thyroid Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Nationwide Observation Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Cheng-Tzu Hsieh ◽  
Hsin-Yin Hsu ◽  
Tzu-Lin Yeh ◽  
Wen-Chung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Chd Risk

Abstract BackgroundResearch findings on the long-term cardiovascular risk associated with thyroid cancer and treatment are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the standardized incidence rate (SIR) of coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke (IS), and atrial fibrillation (AF) among thyroid cancer patients in comparison with the general population across different age groups. MethodsDesign, setting, and participantsThis observational cohort study enrolled patients between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016 with follow-up until December 31, 2018. This study analyzed the data of Taiwanese thyroid cancer patients registered on the National Taiwan Cancer Registry Database, with CHD and IS. Main outcomes and measuresSIR models were used to evaluate the association between thyroid cancer and CHD, IS, AF, and cardiovascular disease outcome, stratified by age and sex. SIR analyses were also conducted for both sexes, age groups (<60, ≥60 years), and different follow-up years.ResultsAfter excluding 128 individuals <20 years or >85 years and with missing index data, 4274 eligible thyroid cancer patients without CHD history, 4343 patients without IS history, and 4247 patients without AF history were included for analysis. During the median follow-up of 3.5 (1.2) years, CHD incidence was 70; IS, 30; and AF, 20. Compared with the general population, thyroid cancer patients had higher CHD risk throughout the age spectrum (SIR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.65). The overall CHD risk gradually declined, but it was persistent for more than 5 years after thyroid cancer diagnosis. CHD risk was observed in both males and females, especially in young thyroid cancer patients <65 years. However, lower SIRs for IS (SIR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.47 to 1), AF (SIR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.42 to 1.06), and cardiovascular disease (SIR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.7 to 1.05) were observed among thyroid cancer patients (not significant). ConclusionsThyroid cancer survivors have a substantial CHD risk even at long-term follow-up, especially in those patients <65 years. Further research on the association between thyroid cancer and CHD risk is warranted.

scholarly journals Health Consequences of an Elite Sporting Career: Long-Term Detriment or Long-Term Gain? A Meta-Analysis of 165,000 Former Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Runacres ◽  
Kelly A. Mackintosh ◽  
Melitta A. McNarry
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Former Elite Athletes

Abstract Introduction Exercise is widely accepted to improve health, reducing the risk of premature mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. However, several epidemiological studies suggest that the exercise-longevity relationship may be ‘J’ shaped; with elite athlete’s likely training above these intensity and volume thresholds. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to examine this relationship in former elite athletes. Methods 38,047 English language articles were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed and SportDiscus databases published after 1970, of which 44 and 24 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Athletes were split into three groups depending on primary sport: Endurance (END), Mixed/Team, or power (POW). Standard mortality ratio’s (SMR) and standard proportionate mortality ratio (SPMR) were obtained, or calculated, and combined for the meta-analysis. Results Athletes lived significantly longer than the general population (male SMR 0.69 [95% CI 0.61–0.78]; female SMR 0.51 [95% CI 0.40–0.65]; both p < 0.01). There was no survival benefit for male POW athletes compared to the general population (SMR 1.04 [95% CI 0.91–1.12]). Although male athlete’s CVD (SMR 0.73 [95% CI 0.62–0.85]) and cancer mortality (SMR 0.75 [95% CI 0.63–0.89]), were significantly reduced compared to the general population, there was no risk-reduction for POW athletes CVD mortality (SMR 1.10 [0.86–1.40]) or END athletes cancer mortality (SMR 0.73 [0.50–1.07]). There was insufficient data to calculate female sport-specific SMR’s. Discussion Overall, athletes live longer and have a reduced incidence of both CVD and cancer mortality compared to the general population, refuting the ‘J’ shape hypothesis. However, different health risks may be apparent according to sports classification, and between sexes, warranting further investigation. Trial registration PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019130688).

Long-Term Clinical Outcome in Elderly Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Repair

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Götte ◽  
Armin Zittermann ◽  
Kavous Hakim-Meibodi ◽  
Masatoshi Hata ◽  
Rene Schramm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
General Population ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Tricuspid Valve Repair ◽  
Valve Repair ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Long-term data on patients over 75 years undergoing mitral valve (MV) repair are scarce. At our high-volume institution, we, therefore, aimed to evaluate mortality, stroke risk, and reoperation rates in these patients. Methods We investigated clinical outcomes in 372 patients undergoing MV repair with (n = 115) or without (n = 257) tricuspid valve repair. The primary endpoint was the probability of survival up to a maximum follow-up of 9 years. Secondary clinical endpoints were stroke and reoperation of the MV during follow-up. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess independent predictors of mortality. Mortality was also compared with the age- and sex-adjusted general population. Results During a median follow-up period of 37 months (range: 0.1–108 months), 90 patients died. The following parameters were independently associated with mortality: double valve repair (hazard ratio, confidence interval [HR, 95% CI]: 2.15, 1.37–3.36), advanced age (HR: 1.07, CI: 1.01–1.14 per year), diabetes (HR: 1.97, CI: 1.13–3.43), preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (HR: 1.41, CI: 1.01–1.97 per class), and operative creatininemax levels (HR: 1.32, CI: 1.13–1.55 per mg/dL). The risk of stroke in the isolated MV and double valve repair groups at postoperative year 5 was 5.0 and 4.1%, respectively (p = 0.65). The corresponding values for the risk of reoperation were 4.0 and 7.0%, respectively (p = 0.36). Nine-year survival was comparable with the general population (53.2 vs. 53.1%). Conclusion Various independent risk factors for mortality in elderly MV repair patients could be identified, but overall survival rates were similar to those of the general population. Consequently, our data indicates that repairing the MV in elderly patients represents a suitable and safe surgical approach.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life and Satisfaction with Continuous Glucose Monitoring Therapy in Children under 7 Years of Age with T1D Using the rtCGM System Integrated with Insulin Pump—A Caregivers Point of View

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3683
Author(s):  
Ewa Rusak ◽  
Natalia Ogarek ◽  
Karolina Wolicka ◽  
Anna Mrówka ◽  
Sebastian Seget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Insulin Pump ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Glucose Monitoring ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Therapy Assessment ◽  
Monitoring Therapy ◽  
Original Survey

Quality of life (QoL) is an important parameter that affects the choice of therapy. Assessment of QoL and satisfaction with therapy using the rtCGM in children with T1D aged < 7 years was conducted. The study group consisted of 38 children with T1D aged < 7 years (34% aged 2–4, 66% aged 5–7 years), HbA1c: 6.53 ± 0.63%, duration of diabetes: 2.6 ± 1.6 years, treated with an rtCGM-augmented insulin pump for 1.92 ± 1.15 years. Two anonymous surveys were conducted: a. PedsQL3.0 diabetes standardized questionnaire—QoL assessment among age groups: 2–4/5–7 years. b. An original survey assessing the CGM use satisfaction. The mean scores in PedsQL3.0: communication 75%, worries 30%, treatment 70%, and problems associated with diabetes 65%. The QoL scale is: 0–19% very low, 20–39% low, 40–59% moderate, 60–79% high, 80–100% very high. The most frequently reported concerns were long-term diabetes complications and prick pain. Satisfaction with CGM use was high (68% in group aged 5–7 and 92% 2–4 years). Twenty-seven (71%) caregivers confirmed the positive effect of CGM on sleep. During the use of rtCGM a high quality of life was reported, and the quality of sleep in their caregivers was increased.

scholarly journals 1465. Age-Dependent Interactions Among Clinical Characteristics, Viral Loads and Disease Severity in Young Children with Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV) Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S734-S735
Author(s):  
Helena Brenes-Chacon ◽  
Cristina Garcia-Maurino ◽  
Melissa Moore-Clingenpeel ◽  
Sara Mertz ◽  
Fang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Rsv Infection

Abstract Background Differences in clinical presentation and viral loads according to age in young children with RSV, and their correlation with disease severity are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to define age-dependent the differences in demographic, clinical factors and viral loads between children &lt; 2 years of age with mild RSV infection evaluated as outpatients versus those hospitalized with severe RSV infection. Figure 1. Sign and Symptoms according to disease severity and age in infants with RSV infection. Most relevant signs and symptoms were stratified in outpatients (orange) vs inpatients (blue) by age in (A) &lt; 3 months, (B) between 3 and 6 months, and (C) &gt; 6 to 24 months of age. The Y axis represents the signs and symptoms in the two disease severity groups and the X axis the frequency of that specific symptom (%). Numbers next to bars represent the exact number of patients with that specific sign/symptom. Comparisons by Fisher exact test. Symbol (*) indicate significant 2-sided p values Figure 2. Viral load differences according to age in infants with RSV infection. The Y axis represents RSV loads in log10 copies/mL and the X axis differences in viral loads in outpatients (orange) and inpatients (blue) in the three age groups. Comparisons by Mann Whitney test. Methods Previously healthy children &lt; 2 years old with mild (outpatients) and severe (inpatients) RSV infection were enrolled and nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained for RSV typing and quantitation by real-time PCR. Patients were stratified by age (0-&lt; 3, 3-6, and &gt;6-24 months) and multivariable analyses were performed to identify clinical and viral factors associated with severe disease. Results From 2014-2018 we enrolled 534 children with RSV infection: 130 outpatients and 404 inpatients. Median duration of illness was 4 days for both groups, yet viral loads were higher in outpatients than inpatient in the three age groups (Fig 1). Wheezing was more frequent in outpatients of older age (&gt;3 months) than in inpatients (p&lt; 0.01), while fever was more common in inpatients that outpatients (p&lt; 0.01) and increased with age (Fig 2). Adjusted analyses confirmed that increased work of breathing and fever were consistently associated with hospitalization irrespective of age, while wheezing in infants &gt;3 months, and higher RSV loads in children &gt;6-24 months were independently associated with reduced disease severity. Conclusion Age had a significant impact defining the interactions among viral loads, specific clinical manifestations and disease severity in children with RSV infection. These observations highlight the importance of patient stratification when evaluating interventions against RSV. Disclosures Octavio Ramilo, MD, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (Grant/Research Support)Janssen (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member)Medimmune (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member)NIH/NIAID (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)Sanofi/Medimmune (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member) Asuncion Mejias, MD, PhD, MsCS, Janssen (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member)Roche (Advisor or Review Panel member)

scholarly journals Could age increase the strength of inverse association between ultraviolet B exposure and colorectal cancer?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Lakshmi Purushothaman ◽  
Raphael E. Cuomo ◽  
Cedric F. Garland ◽  
Timothy K. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Uvb Exposure

Abstract Background Vitamin D has been identified as a potential protective factor in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We expect to see a stronger association of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and CRC crude rates with increasing age since chronic vitamin D deficiency leads to sustained molecular changes that increase cancer risk. The DINOMIT (disjunction, initiation, natural selection, overgrowth, metastasis, involution, and transition) model postulates various stages of cancer development due to vitamin D deficiency and the associated latency period. The purpose of this study is to examine this age-dependent inverse relationship globally. Methods In this ecological study, a series of linear and polynomial regression tests were performed between country-specific UVB estimates adjusted for cloud cover and crude incidence rates of CRC for different age groups. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association between crude incidence rates of colorectal cancer and UVB estimate adjusting for urbanization, skin pigmentation, smoking, animal consumption, per capita GDP, and life expectancy. Statistical analysis was followed by geospatial visualization by producing choropleth maps. Results The inverse relationship between UVB exposure and CRC crude rates was stronger in older age groups at the country level. Quadratic curve fitting was preferred, and these models were statistically significant for all age groups. The inverse association between crude incidence rates of CRC and UVB exposure was statistically significant for age groups above 45 years, after controlling for covariates. Conclusion The age-dependent inverse association between UVB exposure and incidence of colorectal cancer exhibits a greater effect size among older age groups in global analyses. Studying the effect of chronic vitamin D deficiency on colorectal cancer etiology will help in understanding the necessity for population-wide screening programs for vitamin D deficiency, especially in regions with inadequate UVB exposure. Further studies are required to assess the need for adequate public health programs such as selective supplementation and food fortification.

scholarly journals Survival Associations between Patient Age and Treatment Modality in Olfactory Neuroblastoma: A Retrospective Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2685
Author(s):  
Andre J. Burnham ◽  
Phillip A. Burnham ◽  
Edwin M. Horwitz
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Olfactory Neuroblastoma ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Patient Age ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Patient Âgé

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare neuroepithelial-derived malignancy that usually presents in the nasal cavity. The rarity of ONB has led to conflicting reports regarding associations of patient age and ONB survival and outcome. Moreover, long-term outcomes of chemotherapy and other treatment modalities are speculated. Here, we aimed to compare survival outcomes across age groups through time and determine associations between treatment modality and survival. In this retrospective population-based study, we analyzed the SEER 2000–2016 Database for patients with ONB tumors. Using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, a significant effect of age and cancer-specific survival (CSS) was observed; geriatric ONB patients had the lowest CSS overall. Generalized linear models and survival analyses demonstrated that CSS of the pediatric patient population was similar to the geriatric group through 100 months but plateaued thereafter and was the highest of all age groups. Radiation and surgery were associated with increased CSS, while chemotherapy was associated with decreased CSS. GLM results showed that tumor grade, stage and lymph node involvement had no CSS associations with age or treatment modality. Our results provide insight for future investigations of long-term outcomes associated with ONB patient age and treatment modality, and we conclude that survival statistics of ONB patients should be analyzed in terms of trends through time rather than fixed in time.

scholarly journals Hypertension in the United States Fire Service

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5432
Author(s):  
Saeed U. Khaja ◽  
Kevin C. Mathias ◽  
Emilie D. Bode ◽  
Donald F. Stewart ◽  
Kepra Jack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Antihypertensive Medications ◽  
Increased Risk

Hypertension is a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cardiac remodeling and is associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac events, the leading cause of duty-related death in the fire service. We assessed systemic blood pressures and prevalence of hypertension among US firefighters by decade of life. Medical records of career firefighters (5063 males and 274 females) from four geographically diverse occupational health clinics were assessed. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. Results from the firefighter sample were compared to the US general population (2015–2016 and 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys). Among the total sample, 69% of firefighters met the criteria for hypertension and 17% were taking antihypertensive medications. Percentages of hypertensive male and female firefighters were 45% and 11% among 20–29 years old, respectively, and increased to 78% and 79% among 50–59 years old, respectively. Compared to the general population, male firefighters had a higher prevalence of hypertension (p < 0.05) across all age groups (11–16% higher). In order to improve firefighter health and protect against sudden incapacitation in this public safety occupational group, increased efforts are necessary to screen for and manage high blood pressure.

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