Qualitative and quantitative variation in the macrobenthic fauna of the Original Lake and new lake areas of Great Lake and Arthurs Lake, Tasmania

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Fulton

Faunal variation between sample sites in Great Lake and Arthurs Lake, using both qualitative and quantitative data, was analysed. Cluster analysis and principal coordinates analysis showed that the fauna of the original lake areas of both lakes is distinct from the fauna of the newly flooded areas. Closer relationships exist between the faunas of the old level of the two lakes than between the faunas of the old and new levels within either lake. The distinction is not attributable to depth but may be influenced by substrate differences. The effects of abnormal fluctuations in water level on benthic fauna are discussed. Biomass variation between the sample sites was examined in relation to component species groups. The sites at the old level were dominated by oligochaetes whereas chironomids contributed most to the sites at the new level. Consistent seasonal peaks were evident in the biomass at sites at the new level but not at sites at the old. The mean annual biomass levels (wet wt) for Great Lake (13.9 g m-2) and Arthurs Lake (35.9 g m-2) are compared with recorded values for other Australian and overseas lakes. Biomass levels of Australian lakes in general are also discussed.

Author(s):  
Diah Fauzi Ningtyas ◽  
Lidiman Sinaga

This study concerns on improving students’ achievement in writing procedure texts through word webbing technique. The research was conducted by using Classroom Action Research (CAR). The population was the 2012-2013 nine grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Batang Kuis. The number of students was 36, consisting of 21 females and 15 males. The procedure of the research was administrated into two cycles where each cycle consisted of three meetings. Each meeting included four steps namely: planning, action, observation, and reflection. There were two kinds of data collected during the study, qualitative and quantitative data. The instrument for collecting the quantitative data was the writing of procedure texts test while the qualitative data were gathered by using interview, diary notes and observation sheet. Based on the data analysis, the mean of students’ score in Test I was 53,47, for the Test II was 63,05, and for the Test III was 75 The qualitative data showed that the students were interested in the applying of Word webbing Technique. The conclusion is that Word Webbing Technique in writing Procedure Texts improves the students’ achievement in writing procedure texts. Keywords: Students’ achievement, writing, procedure text, word webbing


2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 338-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen D. Liller ◽  
Karen Perrin ◽  
Jodi Nearns ◽  
Karen Pesce ◽  
Nancy B. Crane ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the MORE HEALTH “Respect Not Risk” Firearm Safety Lesson for 3rd-graders in Pinellas County, Florida. Six schools representative of various socioeconomic levels were selected as the test sites. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected. A total of 433 matched pretests/posttests were used to determine the effectiveness of the class in increasing student knowledge about firearm safety. The results revealed a significant increase in the mean scores on the posttest compared with the pretest. Qualitative findings showed the lesson was positively received by both students and teachers, and 65% of responding students reported discussing the lesson with family members. School nurses are encouraged to take a leading role in promoting firearm injury prevention to students.


Author(s):  
Meisalina Lourensia Tarigan And Rahmah

The study aims at improving students’ achievement in reading comprehension applying Metacognition Method by conducting classroom action research. The population of this research twelfth grade students of SMP Negeri 41 Medan. The number of the students was 33 students. There were two kinds of data collected during the study, qualitative and quantitative data. The instrument for collecting the quantitative data was objective test of reading comprehension, while the instruments for qualitative data were gathered through interview, diary notes, and observation sheet. The qualitative showed that the students were interested in Metacognition Method. Based on the data analysis, the mean of the students score for orientation test was 52, 12 and for test in cycle I was 63, 63 and for test in cycle II was 76, 51. The conclusion is that Metacognition Method can improve the students’ achievement in reading comprehension. Keywords : Reading, Comprehension, Metacognition Method


Author(s):  
Evin W R Hutasoit And Yunita Agnes Sianipar

This study deals with the improvement of the students’ achievement in writing explanation text through Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Method. This study try to find out to what extent using NHT could improve students in writing explanation text. Subject of the study this research, first grade students of SMA NEGERI 1 PEGAGAN HILIR, TIGABARU. There were two kinds of data collected during the study, qualitative and quantitative data. The instrument for collecting the quantitative data was writing test while the qualitative data were diary notes, observation sheet, and questionnaire sheet. The qualitative data showed that the students were interested in the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Method. Based on the data analysis, the mean of the students score for the first test 52.26, for the second test 69.68, for the third test 79.24 and the last test 82.12. The conclusion is that the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) method can improve the students in writing Explanation text.


2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lulan Zeng ◽  
Ruihua Dang ◽  
Hong Dong ◽  
Fangyu Li ◽  
Hong Chen ◽  
...  

Abstract. Donkeys are one important livestock in China because of their nourishment and medical values. To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Chinese donkey breeds, a panel of 25 fluorescently labeled microsatellite markers was applied to genotype 504 animals from 12 Chinese donkey breeds. A total of 226 alleles were detected, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.6315 (Guanzhong) to 0.6999 (Jiami). The mean value of the polymorphism information content, observed number of alleles, and expected number of alleles for all the tested Chinese donkeys were 0.6600, 6.890, and 3.700, respectively, suggesting that Chinese indigenous donkeys have relatively abundant genetic diversity. Although there were abundant genetic variations found, the genetic differentiation between the Chinese donkey breeds was relatively low, which displayed only 5.99 % of the total genetic variance among different breeds. The principal coordinates analysis clearly splits 12 donkey breeds into two major groups. The first group included Xiji, Xinjiang, Liangzhou, Kulun, and Guanzhong donkey breeds. In the other group, Gunsha, Dezhou, Biyang, Taihang, Jiami, Qingyang, and Qinghai donkeys were clustered together. This grouping pattern was further supported by structure analysis and neighbor-joining tree analysis. Furthermore, genetic relationships between different donkey breeds identified in this study were corresponded to their geographic distribution and breeding history. Our results provide comprehensive and precise baseline information for further research on preservation and utilization of Chinese domestic donkeys.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Endah Mitsalin ◽  
Apri Catur Pamungkas

The aims of this research were to describe how the students’ participation in speaking learning process by using drilling technique and to improve the students’ speaking ability in the speaking learning process through drilling technique. This research was conducted by using Classroom Action Research (CAR). The population of this research is the X grade of MM A SMK Ma’arif 1 Kebumen in the academic year 2019/2020 which is consisted of 36 students. This research was conducted in two cycles which each cycle consists of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The research finding showed in qualitative and quantitative data. In qualitative data showed that before treatment, the contributions of the students were low, but after treatment most of them were contributed to the lesson. They also did not want to be voluntary when the teacher asked questions but, after treatment they became active to answer the questions and participated actively with the lesson. In quantitative data showed that the mean points of their participation point was 33, in pre-test was 41,6, from post-test 1 was 60,5 and in the post-test 2 was 78,9. It can be concluded that from the data of observation, pre-test, post-test 1, and post-test 2 the points of students’ participation were improved. Moreover, based on the table of speaking score, in pre-test the mean points of their speaking score was 58,6, from post-test 1 the mean points of their speaking score was 72,9 and in the post-test 2 the mean points of their speaking score was 80,1. It can be concluded that drilling technique could improve the students’ participation in speaking at the X grade of MM A SMK Ma’arif 1 Kebumen. Therefore, it is recommended that: (1) it is better for teachers to apply this method in the teaching speaking; and (2) future researchers can conduct research in another topic discussion and different English language skill.                                                                                           Keyword: Participation, Speaking, Drilling Technique Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menggambarkan bagaimana partisipasi berbicara siswa dalam proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan drilling teknik dan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara siswa dalam proses pembelajaran melalui drilling teknik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Populasi penelitian ini adalah kelas X MM A SMK Ma'arif 1 Kebumen pada tahun akademik 2019/2020 yang terdiri dari 36 siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan dalam data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Dalam data kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa sebelum adanya tindakan kelas, kontribusi siswa rendah, tetapi setelah adanya tindakan kelas sebagian besar dari mereka berkontribusi pada pelajaran. Mereka juga tidak mau dengan sukarela menjawab ketika guru mengajukan pertanyaan tetapi, setelah adanya tindakan kelas mereka menjadi aktif untuk menjawab pertanyaan dan berpartisipasi aktif dengan pelajaran. Dalam data kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata dari poin partisipasi mereka adalah 33, pada pre-test adalah 41,6, dari post-test 1 adalah 60,5 dan pada post-test 2 adalah 78,9. Selain itu, berdasarkan nilai berbicara, pada pre-test poin rata-rata skor berbicara mereka adalah 58,6, dari post-test 1 poin rata-rata skor berbicara mereka adalah 72,9 dan pada post-test 2 poin rata-rata dari skor berbicara mereka adalah 80,1. Dari hasil data diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa drilling teknik dapat meningkatkan partisipasi siswa dalam berbicara di kelas X MM A SMK Ma'arif 1 Kebumen. Oleh karena itu, direkomendasikan bahwa: (1) lebih baik bagi guru untuk menerapkan metode ini dalam pengajaran berbicara; dan (2) peneliti lain nantinya dapat melakukan penelitian dengan topik lain dan keterampilan bahasa Inggris yang berbeda. Kata kunci: Partisipasi, Berbicara, Drilling Teknik  


Author(s):  
Ira Pane

This study was conducted to discover students’ achievement in narrative text through snowball throwing model. The design of this study was Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subject of this study was the students of Grade VIII, 2013/2014 school year of SMP Swasta Taman Harapan Medan. The number of students was 39 students. The research was conducted in to two cycles and each cycle consisted of three meeting which consisted of four stages, namely: planning, action, observation, and reflection. To collect the data the instruments that used were qualitative and quantitative data. The qualitative data were collected by using diary notes, observation sheet, and questionnaire sheet. The quantitative data were collected by giving speaking test. Based on the data, the students’ score in speaking test got improvement in every cycle. In Test I, the mean of the students’ score was 64.44 while in Test II, the mean of the students’ score was 68.92 and in Test III, the mean of students’ score was 74.15. Based on the result of quantitative data, it was found that there was improvement on students’ speaking achievement in narrative text. Keyword:Narrative  text, snowball throwing model, classroom actionresearch


2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Januar Tri Sejati ◽  
Mohamad Ikhsan Aditia

This study was aimed to improve student’s ability in writing short funcional text congratulation and complimenting using picture sequences at X MA Nurulhidayah Batujajar in the academic year of 2018/2019 as the subject of the study consists 32 students. This study was conducted for two months.The CAR was done based on Kurt Lewins’ design. The writer did two cycles which each cycle consists with planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. For data were gathered through qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative data were gained by analyzing the interview and observation result, while quantitative data were obtained from the students’ writing score of pretest and posttest.The finding of this study showed that there was improvement on the student’s ability in writing short funcional text congratulation and complimenting using picture sequences. It can be seen from the mean score of pretest was 56.75. Then, the mean score of posttest cycle 1 was 66.37 and the mean score of posttest cycle 2 was 72.62. so the criteria of success was achieved. from the result of questionnaire, it showed that there was improvement of positive responses in the teaching-learning process of writing short funcional textcongratulation and complimenting. Related to the result of observation and interview, it can be concluded that the students’ ability in writing short funcional texcongratulation and complimenting using picture sequences improved and the students’ were motivated in the teaching-learning process.


Author(s):  
Moris Virgiawan ◽  
Nunuk Suryani ◽  
Leo Agung Sutimin

This study was conducted to identify (1) whether guided writing combined with virtual reality video as a teaching media is effective on improving students’ writing achievement in writing recount text and (2) the teaching learning process in which guided writing combined with virtual reality video as teaching media is implemented in the writing class at the eleventh grade of a private Senior High School in Surakarta. The method used in this research was classroom action research. This research consisted of two cycles, each consists of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. There are qualitative and quantitative data collected in this research. The qualitative data included interview, observation, transcription, and document analysis whereas the quantitative data included the students’ pre-test and post-test scores. The findings showed that the implementation of guided writing combined with virtual reality video as teaching media effective to improve the students’ writing achievement and the classroom situation. The mean score improved from 60.71 in pre-test, improved to 72.07 in post-test 1 and improved to 79.15 in post-test 2. The implementation of guided writing combined with virtual reality video as teaching media also changed the class situation to be more active and interacting the students to join the teaching learning process.


Genome ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Rex ◽  
Kerstin Patzolt ◽  
Katharina Schulte ◽  
Georg Zizka ◽  
Roberto Vásquez ◽  
...  

The neotropical genus Fosterella L.B. Smith (Pitcairnioideae, Bromeliaceae) comprises about 30 species, with a centre of diversity in semiarid to humid habitats of the Andean slopes and valleys of Bolivia. Morphologic differentiation of species is difficult because of a paucity of diagnostic characters, and little is known about the infrageneric phylogeny. Here, we present the results of an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of 77 Fosterella specimens, covering 18 recognized species and 9 as-yet undescribed morphospecies. Eight primer combinations produced 310 bands, which were scored as presence/absence characters. Neighbour-joining tree reconstruction revealed 12 clusters (A–L) with various levels of support. Well-supported species groups were also recovered by a principal coordinates analysis. With few exceptions, morphologically defined species boundaries were confirmed by the molecular data. Phylogenetic relationships between species groups remained ambiguous, however, because of short internal branch lengths. The AFLP data were complemented by a survey of the leaf anatomy of 19 Fosterella species. Species concepts and assemblages are discussed in the context of molecular, morphologic, anatomic, ecologic, and biogeographic data. The data suggest that accidental long-distance dispersal and founder events have been important for Fosterella speciation.


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