Behaviour of the western king prawn, Penaeus latisulcatus Kishinouye: effect of food dispersion and crowding

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rasheed ◽  
CM Bull
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Feeding Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effect Of Food ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Food Dispersion ◽  
Mean Time

In aquacultural projects, crowding of prawns may adversely influence their growth and survival. In this paper, the behaviour of western king prawns, Penaeus latisulcatus, was investigated in tanks. Six forms of behaviour were identified. Prawns were exclusively nocturnal in their active behaviour. Males and females showed no significant difference in the mean time spent in various behaviours. Feeding efficiency increased as food became more dispersed over the tank floor. Behaviours leading to less efficient feeding increased with increased density, but less severely so if food was evenly dispersed than if food was presented at a point source.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 infection on hip fracture 30-day mortality

Trauma ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146040862094972
Author(s):  
Ahmed Fadulelmola ◽  
Rob Gregory ◽  
Gavin Gordon ◽  
Fiona Smith ◽  
Andrew Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Hip Fractures ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Time

Introduction: A novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a fatal global pandemic which particularly affects the elderly and those with comorbidities. Hip fractures affect elderly populations, necessitate hospital admissions and place this group at particular risk from COVID-19 infection. This study investigates the effect of COVID-19 infection on 30-day hip fracture mortality. Method: Data related to 75 adult hip fractures admitted to two units during March and April 2020 were reviewed. The mean age was 83.5 years (range 65–98 years), and most (53, 70.7%) were women. The primary outcome measure was 30-day mortality associated with COVID-19 infection. Results: The COVID-19 infection rate was 26.7% (20 patients), with a significant difference in the 30-day mortality rate in the COVID-19-positive group (10/20, 50%) compared to the COVID-19-negative group (4/55, 7.3%), with mean time to death of 19.8 days (95% confidence interval: 17.0–22.5). The mean time from admission to surgery was 43.1 h and 38.3 h, in COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative groups, respectively. All COVID-19-positive patients had shown symptoms of fever and cough, and all 10 cases who died were hypoxic. Seven (35%) cases had radiological lung findings consistent of viral pneumonitis which resulted in mortality (70% of mortality). 30% ( n = 6) contracted the COVID-19 infection in the community, and 70% ( n = 14) developed symptoms after hospital admission. Conclusion: Hip fractures associated with COVID-19 infection have a high 30-day mortality. COVID-19 testing and chest X-ray for patients presenting with hip fractures help in early planning of high-risk surgeries and allow counselling of the patients and family using realistic prognosis.

scholarly journals Assessment of necessity of neuronavigation in localization of calvarial extra-axial lesions in the setting of limited resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein Soffar ◽  
Mohamed F. Alsawy
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Localization Method ◽  
Mean Error ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background Neuronavigation is a very beneficial tool in modern neurosurgical practice. However, the neuronavigation is not available in most of the hospitals in our country raising the question about its importance in localizing the calvarial extra-axial lesions and to what extent it is safe to operate without it. Methods We studied twenty patients with calvarial extra-axial lesions who underwent surgical interventions. All lesions were preoperatively located with both neuronavigation and the usual linear measurements. Both methods were compared regarding the time consumed to localize the tumor and the accuracy of each method to anticipate the actual center of the tumor. Results The mean error of distance between the planned center of the tumor and the actual was 6.50 ± 1.762 mm in conventional method, whereas the error was 3.85 ± 1.309 mm in IGS method. Much more time was consumed during the neuronavigation method including booting, registration, and positioning. A statistically significant difference was found between the mean time passed in the conventional method and IGS method (2.05 ± 0.826, 24.90 ± 1.334, respectively), P-value < 0.001. Conclusion In the setting of limited resources, the linear measurement localization method seems to have an accepted accuracy in the localization of calvarial extra-axial lesions and it saves more time than neuronavigation method.

Evaluating the Effect of Three-Dimensional Visualization on Force Application and Performance Time during Robotics-Assisted Mitral Valve Repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Currie ◽  
Ana Luisa Trejos ◽  
Reiza Rayman ◽  
Michael W.A. Chu ◽  
Rajni Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Haptic Feedback ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Mitral Valve Annuloplasty ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of three-dimensional (3D) binocular, stereoscopic, and two-dimensional (2D) monocular visualization on robotics-assisted mitral valve annuloplasty versus conventional techniques in an ex vivo animal model. In addition, we sought to determine whether these effects were consistent between novices and experts in robotics-assisted cardiac surgery. Methods A cardiac surgery test-bed was constructed to measure forces applied during mitral valve annuloplasty. Sutures were passed through the porcine mitral valve annulus by the participants with different levels of experience in robotics-assisted surgery and tied in place using both robotics-assisted and conventional surgery techniques. Results The mean time for both the experts and the novices using 3D visualization was significantly less than that required using 2D vision (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the maximum force applied by the novices to the mitral valve during suturing (P = 0.7) and suture tying (P = 0.6) using either 2D or 3D visualization. The mean time required and forces applied by both the experts and the novices were significantly less using the conventional surgical technique than when using the robotic system with either 2D or 3D vision (P < 0.001). Conclusions Despite high-quality binocular images, both the experts and the novices applied significantly more force to the cardiac tissue during 3D robotics-assisted mitral valve annuloplasty than during conventional open mitral valve annuloplasty. This finding suggests that 3D visualization does not fully compensate for the absence of haptic feedback in robotics-assisted cardiac surgery.

Comparison of stapler and handsewn anastomosis techniques in creating an ileal conduit following radical cystectomy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Ileal Conduit ◽  
Perioperative Complications ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Handsewn Anastomosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

Background and objective: Ileal conduit for urinary diversion can be completed using either end-to-end handsewn or stapled anastomosis. This study aimed to compare stepled and handsewn anastomosis methods in terms of complications, hospitalization and cost. Materials and methods: Forty-three patients were included in the hand-sewn and 44 patients in the stapler group. After creating an ileal conduit, continuity of the loop was achieved either with handsewn or stapler method. Patients' demographic data, time to onset of bowel movement, time to transit to oral intake, time to removal of the drain, perioperative and postoperative complications, mortality and total costs were retrospectively recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in terms of the mean to the onset of bowel movements (p = 0.51) and the mean time to transit to oral intake (p = 0.23). The mean time to removal of the drain was significantly lower in the stapler group (p = 0.023). Perioperative complications were seen in eight patients in the handsewn group, while none of the patients in the stapler group developed perioperative complication (p = 0.003). Postoperative complications were similar between both groups (p = 0.75). The duration of hospitalization was statistically significantly lower in the stapler group (p = 0.004) and the mean total cost was statistically significantly more advantageous (p < 0.001). Conclusion: No significant difference was found between stapler and handsewn anastomosis techniques in terms of postoperative complications. On the other hand, hospitalization and total cost were in favour of stapler technique, showing that this technique can be used safely.

scholarly journals Quantitative electroencephalography as a tool for objective neurophysiological seizure diagnosis: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Tribhuwan Kumar ◽  
Kamlesh Jha ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrical Activities

Objectives: Seizure is the fourth most common neurological disorder in the world; it affects all age groups with equal possibility of occurrence in both males and females. Many antiepileptic drugs are available today, but its diagnosis is challenging. The present study attempted to see if seizure activities could be predicted by analyzing the pre-seizure electrical activities. The prediction may help in taking preventive measures appropriately beforehand in the individuals with seizure proneness. Material and Methods: We selected 11 generalized seizure patients and 19 control patients out of total 115 patients referred for electro-diagnostics for various reasons. EEG of the subjects recorded, segmented as per protocol, and analyzed using MATLAB and EEGLAB tools. Results: The mean energy level in alpha and beta band of the study subject was significantly lower (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) as compared to the age matched control subjects. Theta and delta bands did not show any significant difference between the groups. The difference between the pre- and post-electrical seizure energy and entropy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study shows that the energy level remains low in the seizure patients in the alpha and beta bands. This further goes down when electrophysiological seizure activities starts. The randomness or entropy does not alter significantly among the seizure subjects in comparison to non-seizure subjects.

Tear Rates of the Ipsilateral ACL Graft and the Contralateral Native ACL Are Similar following ACL Reconstruction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Nastassia Ifran ◽  
Ying Ren Mok ◽  
Lingaraj Krishna
Keyword(s):  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Graft ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Cruciate ◽  
Mean Time

AbstractThe aim of the study is to compare the tear rates of ipsilateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) grafts and the contralateral native ACL as well as to investigate the correlation of gender, age at time of surgery, and body mass index (BMI) with the occurrence of these injuries. The medical records of 751 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery with follow-up periods of 2 to 7 years were retrospectively analyzed. Survival analyses of ipsilateral ACL grafts and contralateral native ACL were performed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors that were associated with these injuries. The tear rates of the ipsilateral ACL graft and contralateral ACL were 5.86 and 6.66%, respectively with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.998). The mean time of tears of the ipsilateral ACL and contralateral ACL was also similar (p = 0.977) at 2.64 and 2.78 years, respectively after surgery. Both the odds of sustaining an ipsilateral ACL graft and contralateral ACL tear were also significantly decreased by 0.10 (p = 0.003) and 0.14 (p = 0.000), respectively, for every 1-year increase in age at which the reconstruction was performed. However, graft type, gender, and BMI were not associated with an increased risk of these injuries. There was no difference between tear rates of ipsilateral ACL graft and contralateral ACL following ACL reconstruction. Patients who undergo ACL reconstruction at a young age are at an increased risk of both ipsilateral graft and contralateral ACL rupture after an ACL reconstruction. Patients who are young and more likely to return to competitive sports should be counselled of the risks and advised to not neglect the rehabilitation of the contralateral knee during the immediate and back to sports period of recovery. This is a Level III, retrospective cohort study.

scholarly journals Effects of different feed items on the growth and survival of endangered riverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton)

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
MFA Mollah ◽  
MR Ali ◽  
M Nahiduzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Early Morning ◽  
Initial Length ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Final Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chicken Viscera ◽  
Formulated Feed

The study was conducted to determine a suitable feed for the desirable growth ofriverine catfish Rita rita (Hamilton) from January 2006 to December 2006. The experiment hadthree treatments with three replicates. Nine chambers of the raceway each of size 1.83 × 1.12 sqmeter were used. Local prawn, chicken viscera and commercially available formulated feed (CP)were supplied in treatment T1, T2 and T3, respectively at the rate of 7% body weight. Feed wassupplied twice in a day in the early morning and in the evening as the fish is nocturnal. The initialaverage weight of fish was 24.93±0.05g, 24.99±0.04g and 24.95±0.04g in T1, T2 and T3,respectively. The final weight of the fish under three treatments was 425.05±1.04g, 425.68±1.05gand 177.61±1.45g respectively. The initial length was 8.48±0.02, 8.49±0.02 and 8.50±0.01 in T1, T2and T3, respectively. The final length was 25.22±0.06 cm, 25.21±0.14 cm and 14.87±0.13 cm in T1,T2 and T3, respectively. The mean final weight and length was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T1and T2 compared with T3. However, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between T1 and T2in terms of final weight and length was concerned. Better growth performances, however, wereobserved in T2 and T1, where prawn and chicken viscera were supplied as feed respectively.Lowest growth performance was observed in T3 where formulated feed (CP feed) was supplied.Key Words: Riverine Catfish; Feed; Growth; SGR; Survival.DOI: 10.3329/ujzru.v28i0.5279Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 28, 2010 pp. 11-14

Sex Differences in Adults on a Test of Logical Reasoning

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-230
Author(s):  
Antonia Bell Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Logical Reasoning ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Government Employment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The Morgan Test of Logical Reasoning, which is entirely verbal in form, was given to 133 males and 35 females. All Ss were in their 20s and applicants for government employment. All had the BA or BS degree but no other, and none had had any training in formal logic. No significant difference was found between the mean scores of males and females on this test, nor between the distribution and variation of scores.

Risk-Taking Patterns of Male and Female Entrepreneurs in Roodepoort

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Garg ◽  
A. Duvenhage
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Performance Perceptions

This study analyses the risk-taking propensity of male and female entrepreneurs. Primary data were collected from a sample of 400 randomly selected from among the small and medium scale entrepreneurs in Roodepoort and two structured questionnaires were used. The results showed the existence of differences among male and female entrepreneurs’ risk-taking perceptions. However, no significant differences in the mean scores between males and females in the financial and social domains of risk taking perception were found. The results further indicate that there is a significant difference in the means of the entrepreneurs with regard to their overall risk-taking perception in the ethical domain of risk-taking perception, health and safety risk-taking perception, recreational risk-taking perception as well as their business performance perceptions. The study also suggests that there is no correlation between business performance and risk-taking in entrepreneurs. The study highlights that there is no evidence to suggest that risk-taking in different genders plays a role as an indicator in business performance.

scholarly journals Influence of sex and age on sonographic infant hip indices

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kakale SB ◽  
Tabari AM ◽  
Isyaku K ◽  
Yunusa A
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hip Joints ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Ultrasound is a non-invasive, cheap and readily available imaging modality for studying the infant hip. Early detection of developmental hip subluxation, acetabular dysplasia and the prevention of late presentation of a developmentally dislocated hip with consequent secondary premature degenerative arthritis are goals that all practitioners should strive for. Provision of axial indices of alpha and beta angles of the infant hip joint in Kano, Nigeria using ultrasonography to establish a normogram as reference values for further studies is the objective of this study. This descriptive prospective study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano state, Nigeria. Successive four hundred appropriately consented infants were recruited for this study. The axial angle relationships of both hip joints were measured using 7.5 MHz linear transducer of Mindray DP-8800 Digital plus ultrasound machine. The mean alpha and beta angles for both hips in females were 56.590 and 49.580 respectively while those for males were 56.730 and 50.530 respectively. Minimum and maximum alpha angle for both hips ranged from 380 to 780 while the beta angles ranged 290 to 660 respectively. The age group 1-3 months has the highest frequency of respondents (251) while age group 10 - 12 months has the lowest (22). There was no statistically significant difference in the alpha and beta angles between males and females hips and age of the infants did not affect the hip indices. The study showed no statistical significant difference in the measured alpha and beta angles between males and females. Age of measurement in infants did not affect the hip indices.

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