scholarly journals Quantitative electroencephalography as a tool for objective neurophysiological seizure diagnosis: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Tribhuwan Kumar ◽  
Kamlesh Jha ◽  
Yogesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrical Activities

Objectives: Seizure is the fourth most common neurological disorder in the world; it affects all age groups with equal possibility of occurrence in both males and females. Many antiepileptic drugs are available today, but its diagnosis is challenging. The present study attempted to see if seizure activities could be predicted by analyzing the pre-seizure electrical activities. The prediction may help in taking preventive measures appropriately beforehand in the individuals with seizure proneness. Material and Methods: We selected 11 generalized seizure patients and 19 control patients out of total 115 patients referred for electro-diagnostics for various reasons. EEG of the subjects recorded, segmented as per protocol, and analyzed using MATLAB and EEGLAB tools. Results: The mean energy level in alpha and beta band of the study subject was significantly lower (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively) as compared to the age matched control subjects. Theta and delta bands did not show any significant difference between the groups. The difference between the pre- and post-electrical seizure energy and entropy was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The study shows that the energy level remains low in the seizure patients in the alpha and beta bands. This further goes down when electrophysiological seizure activities starts. The randomness or entropy does not alter significantly among the seizure subjects in comparison to non-seizure subjects.

scholarly journals Analysis of incapacitation during +Gz induced loss of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
MD Sharma ◽  
P Biswal ◽  
N Taneja ◽  
A Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rapid Onset ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Occurrence of G induced loss of consciousness (G-LOC) during centrifuge training is a known entity. The Indian Air Force is currently undertaking high G training of its fighter pilots in High Performance Human Centrifuge (HPHC) which has significantly higher operational capabilities. The study aimed to analyse the incapacitation periods and myoclonic jerks associated with G-LOC occurring during HPHC training. Material and Methods: Records of episodes of 161 G-LOC during closed loop Rapid Onset Rates (ROR) runs over a period of 7 years from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed. The video recordings of these G-LOC episodes were assessed in terms of the participant demographics, +Gz onset rates, incapacitation periods, and presence or absence of myoclonic jerks during the G-LOC episodes. Descriptive statistics was applied to analyze the incapacitation periods and the duration of the myoclonic flail movements. Single tailed t-test was used to analyze the difference between the incapacitation periods of the aircrew who suffered myoclonic flail movements and those who did not. One-way ANOVA was carried out to assess the differences in incapacitation periods, if any, between aircrew of different age groups. Significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Of these 161 episodes of G-LOC, 43.5% were seen in trainee aircrew. The mean Absolute Incapacitation Period (AIP), Relative Incapacitation Period (RIP) and Total Incapacitation Period (TIP) was 6.9 ± 2.3 s, 12.2 ± 4.7 s, and 19.1 ± 5.5 respectively. Age and flying experience did not show any significant effect with any of the incapacitation periods (p>0.05). The TIP correlated better with the RIP than with the AIP (Pearson’s correlation values of 0.9 and 0.52 respectively). Myoclonic flail movements were witnessed in 25.5% of G-LOC episodes with an average duration of 5.3 s and more than 50% occurring at ≥8Gz. The mean duration of RIP was significantly higher (P=0.03) when G-LOC was associated with myoclonic flail movements, whereas, the duration of AIP did not show any significant difference. Conclusion: The shorter incapacitation periods observed in the study compared to that reported in most of the previous studies could be attributed to the faster Gz offset rates of the present HPHC. Episodes of G-LOC having myoclonic movements were found to have higher relative incapacitation periods. Even though these movements were associated with G-LOC occurring at higher Gz levels, the durations were independent of the Gz levels.

RATING OF THE VALENCE OF TWENTY NEGATIVES IMAGES FROM IAPS BY A SAMPLE OF MOROCCAN NURSE STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391
Author(s):  
Lahcen Bandadi ◽  
Nadia Chamkal ◽  
Ahmed O. T. Ahami
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Stimulus ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Images ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nurse Students

This study aims to rate twenty negative images from IAPS among a sample nurse students. We compare the mean valences between males and females and between participants from the final semester and participants from the first semester. The comparison of the mean valences values between the current study and the norm mean valence values from IAPS was established. null We tested 100 students from Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technics of Health, Rabat, Morocco, were recruited. The panel valence from SAM was cued to evaluate the perceived pleasure and unpleased degree after exposing the different images from IAPS to the participants. The displeasure degree among nurse students from final semester is lower than that of the first semester with a significant difference in sixteen images. Regarding the difference between males and females, the significant difference was observed only in five images. The all images evaluated by participant were perceived as negative (valence <4). Regarding the comparison of the mean valences values between a the current study and the norm mean valence values from IAPS significant differences were observed. Nurse students from the final semester, compared to the first semester students, perceived the negative images assessed as less unpleasant. However, we noted that the all images have kept the negative aspect. These results show that these images can be used as a negative emotional stimulus among this population.

β-Thromboglobulin in Antecubital Vein Blood - The Influence of Age, Sex and Blood Group

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1159-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
H A Dewar ◽  
T Marshall ◽  
D Weightman ◽  
V Prakash ◽  
P J Boon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Abo Blood Groups ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Satisfactory Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

SummarySamples of blood for estimation of beta-thromboglobulin (B. T. G.) in normal subjects have been obtained both from blood donors at the end of their donation and from other volunteers by standard venepuncture. The former was a satisfactory method in males only.By standard venepuncture females have on average lower values than males and in the pre-menopausal age groups the difference is statistically significant.Mean values vary little up to 59 years after which they rise slowly but steadily. There is no significant difference in the mean B. T. G. values between the ABO blood groups.

scholarly journals Brain weights in adult africans

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 223-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salami ◽  
M. Ajani ◽  
I. Orhorho ◽  
G. Ogun ◽  
A. Adeoye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Introduction: The average brain weight of adult humans, using Caucasian figures, is said to be between 1300g to 1400g. Few studies have however been done to make actual evaluations of brain weights in adult Africans. This study seeks to examine the weight of brains from people of African descent with respect to variations in sex and age in decades using autopsy specimens. Materials and Methods: Analysis of the weight of brains removed from both male and female adult patients during fresh autopsy of their bodies in our center over a ten year period was done. The study criteria required non-involvement of the central nervous system in the cause of death. The brains were grouped based on age in decades and further grouped into early, middle and late age groups. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 statistics software. Results: A total of one hundred and sixteen brains were included in the study and the mean brain weight was 1280g with a range between 1015g to 1590g. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean brain weight of the different age groups. The average male brain was heavier than those of females and the difference was statistically signiicant. Conclusion: The brain weight of adult Africans in our study is similar to that seen in Caucasians. There is no statistically significant difference in the brain weight of adults from early adulthood to the elderly adults. Male adults have statistically heavier brains than the females.

scholarly journals Comparison of the maximum hand-generated torque by professors and postgraduate dental students for tightening the abutment screws of dental implants

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Feridoun Parnia ◽  
Javad Yazdani ◽  
Parisa Fakour ◽  
Farhang Mahboub ◽  
Seyyed Mahdi Vahid Pakdel
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male Subjects

Background.Dental implants are utilized with an ever-increasing rate. One of the causes of abutment screw loosening has been identified as inadequate preload. The objective behind this study was to compare the maximum hand-generated torque for tightening abutment screws by professors and postgraduate dental students using a digital torquemeter with 0.1 N/cm precision. Methods.In a laboratory study conducted in Dental Implant Department of Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, the maximum hand-generated torque for tightening abutment screws by professors and postgraduate dental students was investigated, using a digital torquemeter with 0.1 N/cm precision. Results.The participants consisted of 36 (41.9%) females and 50 (58.1%) males, totaling 86 participants, of whom 45 (46.87%) and 41 (53.13%) were university professors and postgraduate dental students, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 33.4±10.2 years with an age range of 25‒60 years; 50 (58.1%) participants were in the 25‒34-year, 23 (26.7%) in the 35‒47-year, and 13 (15.1%) in the 48‒60-year age range. The mean age of professors and postgraduate dental students was 41±8.3 and 25.1±3.3 years, respectively. The means of maximum torques generated by female and male professors were 14.3±3 and 20.8±4.2, respectively. The means of maximum torques generated by female and male postgraduate dental students were 14.7±3.4 and 18.7±4.3, respectively. Statistical analyses showed no significant differences between the mean maximum torques generated by professors and postgraduate dental students (P=0.051). Conclusion. In the present study, the mean maximum torque generated by professors was higher than that generated by postgraduate dental students. However, the difference was not statistically significant. The mean maximum torque generated by male subjects was significantly higher. No interaction was seen between the studied groups and sex. However, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean maximum torques generated in different age ranges; i.e., the maximum torque generated in the 25‒34-year age range was lower than that in the other two age groups. Finally, the effect of age range on the mean maximum torque was similar in both groups.

scholarly journals Assessment of some liver enzyme activities in healthy Iraqi racing Horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
AL-Hadithy H. AH.
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The current study was conducted for the measurement of normal range and mean value of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in (125) clinically normal Iraqi racing horses (males and females , Arabian and Crossbred) , aged 2 – 8 years ; < 4 , 4 and > 4 age groups . The results revealed that the range and the mean value ± SEM of these enzymes were as follows ; serum ALT 2 – 28 U/L and 11.07 ± 0.62 U/L, serum AST 30 – 210 U/L and 78.00 ± 3.62 U/L and serum ALP 63 – 204 IU/L and 96.84 ± 2.52 IU/L respectively .However, significant difference (P < 0.05) in serum ALT was recorded between Arabian and Crossbred , while serum AST values showed a significant differences (P < 0.05) between males and females , as well as between less and more than four years age groups .On the other hand , there was no significant difference in serum ALP values between the studied groups . In conclusion , this study recorded and established the normal range reference values and mean ± SEM of serum liver enzymes ALT , AST and ALP in clinically healthy Iraqi racing horses .

scholarly journals TL 18141 - Isolated gastrocnemius tightness

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (Supl 1) ◽  
pp. 90S
Author(s):  
Kelly Cristina Stéfani ◽  
Leonardo Vinicius De Matos Moraes ◽  
Vinícius Quadros Borges ◽  
Gabriel Ferraz Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fasciitis ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Calcaneal Tendon ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the difference in muscle strength between flexion and ankle extension to test the hypothesis that this predisposes to a dynamic equine and, thus, to evaluate this correlation with pain in the forefoot (metatarsalgias) and hindfoot (plantar fasciitis, tendinopathy of the tendon insertional and non-insertional calcaneus). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 50 patients were consecutively diagnosed with forefoot pain (metatarsalgias) or pain in the hindfoot (plantar fasciitis, tendonopathy of the insertional and non-insertional calcaneal tendon), and 50 patients had no foot diseases. The body mass index (BMI) was evaluated, and IGT was evaluated through the Silfverskiöld test. The parameter of gastrocnemius contracture was considered in cases of limitation of ankle extension <10. The intervention was to measure flexion strength and ankle extension with a manual dynamometer, evaluating isometric contraction based on the method suggested by Kahn et al. Results: One hundred patients participated in the study, with 50 patients in the study group and 50 in the control group. The mean age was 63.42 years, and the mean BMI was 28.53 in the study group and 62.26 and 28.84 in the control group, with no difference in distribution between age groups (p = 0.634) and for BMI (p = 0.709). The difference was significant between the groups in relation to the Silfverskiöld test (p = 0.019), the ankle force variation in dynamometry (p <0.001) and normalized variation (p <0.001). In addition, a significant difference between groups was observed in the dynamometry of plantar flexion (p <0.001). Conclusion: The hypothesis of causes for sural triceps shortening considered as idiopathic are as follows. The difference in strength between the dorsiflexion musculature and the one that performs the plantar flexion, the delay in neuromuscular activation of the dorsiflexors, or even a combination of these two factors. We demonstrated the possibility of the evaluation of the force through a manual dynamometer that can be used in routine outpatient visits, which proved to be effective and reproducible.

scholarly journals Determination of Soft Tissue Thickness of Face for Facial Reconstruction - An Autopsy Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (37) ◽  
pp. 3267-3271
Author(s):  
Bindu Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Facial Reconstruction ◽  
Tissue Thickness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

BACKGROUND Facial reconstruction aims to reconstruct the face of an unknown individual for identification. It is a process of recreating the face of a human being based on skull remains and can be used to identify otherwise unknown individuals or to reconstruct faces of historical figures. The measurement of facial soft tissue thickness is the basis of this method. The data obtained from various studies are charted and used as a guide for facial reconstruction. This study intended at determining the average soft tissue thickness of the face in 21 different points for the purpose of facial reconstruction in males and females. METHODS For the study, 144 cases belonging to the age of 21 to 60 years were brought for autopsy in the Department of Forensic medicine, Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. They were divided into equal number of males and females. The soft tissue thickness was taken by needle puncture technique. Statistical analysis was done and the mean values in males and females and their age wise comparisons were obtained. Males and females showed strong positive correlation with age at certain points and the data obtained from this study provides a basis for facial reconstruction in the South Indian population. RESULTS Differences in mean values of general parameters and soft tissue thickness of face in different age groups and in both sexes and the coefficient of variation were also calculated at all points in both sexes. The mean values of height, weight were more in males than in females. The difference in the mean values of width of nose, width of forehead and the width of upper lip in females in different age groups was statistically significant. Among the soft tissue thicknesses at midline points of face, the difference in the mean values at the region of mid philtrum was statistically significant in males and females in different age groups. The difference in the mean values of soft tissue thickness in the lower lip in different age groups showed a statistical significance in males and females. Among the bilateral points of face, the difference in the mean values of soft tissue thickness of face in the region of right supraorbital, right and left gonion region showed a statistical significance in males in different age groups. In females, the left suborbital, right and left occlusal line and left mid zygomatic region showed a statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS The results of the study gave a set of average soft tissue thickness of face at 21 different points for an accurate reproduction of the skull in the South Indian population. In this study, the soft tissue thickness at midline and bilateral points were established. Further research in this field of facial reconstruction should incorporate various components of facial anatomy using modern imaging technology. A statistical analysis of multiple variables including other landmarks and various characteristics of the face could open up more relationships and would eventually lead to much more precise reconstruction. KEY WORDS Soft Tissue Thickness; Facial Reconstruction; South Indian Population

scholarly journals Medtronic MiniMed 670G Auto Mode: Implications for Clinical Practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A661-A661
Author(s):  
Jeanne Dos Santos-Marinho ◽  
Liam McGuirk ◽  
Amanda Puff ◽  
Monica Naparst ◽  
Alice Alexandrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Pediatric Endocrinology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Background: The Medtronic MiniMed 670G System was the first FDA approved hybrid closed loop system for users seven years of age and older. The system monitors glucose and can automatically adjust the delivery of long acting or basal insulin based on the user’s glucose reading while in Auto Mode. Previous research has demonstrated that 670G Auto Mode use has improved glycemic control in patients (PTs) with Type 1 diabetes as young as 2 years of age and as old as 75 years of age compared to open loop Manual Mode. Objective: This retrospective study seeks to determine if the results of improved glycemic control, as evidenced by decreased HbA1c levels, can be replicated in real life/uncontrolled environments, when PTs are wearing the 670G system in Auto Mode. Methods: The medical records of PTs prescribed the 670G System at a pediatric endocrinology center were reviewed. PTs who did not use the system in Auto Mode were excluded. PTs who did not have HbA1c values before and at least 3 months after using the 670G system in Auto Mode were also excluded. HbA1c values were collected either as a serum sample at a local laboratory or a capillary sample at the center using Siemens DCA Vantage HbA1c Analyzer. 52 PTs aged 6-25 yrs met these criteria for analysis. Results: When analyzing the PTs as a whole, there was a significant decrease in HbA1c from 8.64% ± 1.51% to 7.81% ± 1.35% (p= 0.024). 63.5% of all PTs showed a decrease in HbA1c. 3.9% of PTs showed no change to their HbA1c. 32.7% of PTs showed an increase in HbA1c. Of those 63.5% of PTs who showed improved glycemic control, 51.5% had data in their charts to reflect their percentage of time in auto mode, which was an average of 54.32% ± 27.28%. There was no significant difference in HbA1c between males and females both prior (p=0.2) and post (p=0.1) treatment, nor was there a significant difference in the mean change of HbA1c between males and females (p=0.50). The PTs who were in auto mode greater than 25% of the time (n=15) showed significantly improved glycemic control with HbA1c levels decreasing from 8.13% ± 1.16% to 7.37% ± 0.58% (P= 0.04). The PTs who were in auto mode greater than 50% of the time (n=10), showed improved glycemic control with HbA1c levels decreasing from 7.87% ± 0.68% to 7.27% ± 0.46% (P= 0.046). There was a significant difference in the mean change of HbA1c between PTs whose adherence was known to be less than 25% (n=9) compared to those whose adherence was known to be greater than 25% (n=15). The difference in mean HbA1c prior treatment was not significant between these groups, yet the difference in mean HbA1c was significant post treatment. Conclusion: Our data demonstrates that the 670G system can significantly improve glycemic control in an uncontrolled environment. Adherence is an important factor in the outcome in this treatment modality. Bluetooth monitoring of patient blood sugar levels may significantly improve adherence and glycemic control.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Different Local Anesthetic Solutions Available in Market: An In Vitro and Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisha Imran ◽  
Faisal Moeen ◽  
Beenish Abbas ◽  
Bakhtawar Yaqoob ◽  
Mehreen Wajahat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Local Anesthetic ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to evaluate and compare various commercially available local anesthetic solutions. Materials and Methods A total of 150 commercially available local anesthetic cartridges of similar composition (2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000) were randomly collected and divided into 3 groups. The designations of groups were selected from their product names such that each group consisted of 60 cartridges. Group S (Septodont, France) Group M (Medicaine, Korea) and Group H (HD-Caine, Pakistan). The samples were divided into five sub-groups, each consisting of 10 cartridges from each group to investigate each parameter. Results The acquired data was statistically analyzed and compared (using SPSS version 12). Compositional analysis revealed a non-significant (P>0.05) difference when the three Groups were compared with standard lidocaine and epinephrine solutions. The mean pH values of samples from group S, M and H respectively fell within the range of pH values of commercially available solutions. Non-significant difference in EPT values of Group S and H was found when efficacy was compared (p = 0.3), however a significant difference (p < 0.01) was observed in contrast to Group M. Anti-bacterial activity was observed in all the group and a non-significant difference in cell viability values of Group S and M was found (p = 0.6), while the difference was significant in comparison to Group H. Conclusion Within the limitations of these investigations, it appears that the properties of different manufacturers fall within the recommended ranges as mentioned in literature and do not appear to be statistically different in the variables we have tested.

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