Polonium-210 in cartilaginous fishes (Chondrichthyes) from south-eastern Australian waters

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Smith ◽  
PH Towler
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Elasmobranch Species ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Concentration Factors ◽  
Cartilaginous Fishes ◽  
Lead 210 ◽  
Mean Concentration

A study was made of the concentration of the naturally occurring radionuclide polonium-210 in the livers of cartilaginous fishes (chondrichthyans) caught in the waters of Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia in 1991. Five elasmobranch species had 210Po concentrations in the range 1-31 Bq kg-1 (wet weight) and one holocephalian species, the elephant fish (Callorhynchus milii), was exceptional with a 210Po range of 60-270 Bq kg-1 (n=3, mean 180 Bq kg-1). Lead-210 was present at 0.1- 1.1 Bq kg-1 and activity concentration ratios of 210Po:210Pb were all greater than 1, indicating that the 210Po could not all have grown in from in situ decay of 210Pb within the chondrichthyan liver. The concentration of 210Po in the livers appeared to be species related. Concentrations of the trace metals Cu, Fe and Zn showed no correlation with the 210Po and were not species-related. The mean concentration of 210Po measured in Port Phillip Bay water was 0.32 mBq kg-1. This yields concentration factors of 3.2 × 103 to 8.4 × 105 for unsupported 210Po in the livers of the chondrichthyans. The total 210Po (using Q=20) exposes the livers to a weighted absorbed dose of up to 140 mGy year-1 (16�Gy h-1), which is >99% of the total internal dose and three orders of magnitude greater than the external dose based on estimated levels of 40K.

Efficacy of a Biopesticide for Control of Aflatoxins in Corn

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOE W. DORNER
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
And Control ◽  
Mean Concentration

A 2-year study was carried out to determine the efficacy of a biopesticide in reducing aflatoxin contamination in corn. The biopesticide, afla-guard, delivers a nontoxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus to the field where it competes with naturally occurring toxigenic strains of the fungus. Afla-guard was applied to entire fields in two areas of Texas at either 11.2 or 22.4 kg/ha. Specific nontreated fields in close proximity to treated fields were designated as controls. Samples of corn were collected at harvest and analyzed for aflatoxins and density of toxigenic and nontoxigenic isolates of A. flavus. Aflatoxin concentrations were generally quite low in 2007, but the mean concentration in treated samples (0.5 ppb) was reduced by 85% compared with controls (3.4 ppb). In 2008, samples from treated and control fields averaged 1.5 and 12.4 ppb, respectively, an 88% reduction. There were no significant differences between the two afla-guard application rates. In conjunction with the reductions in aflatoxin contamination, treatments produced significant reductions in the incidence of toxigenic isolates of A. flavus in corn.

scholarly journals Assessment of Gamma Radiation 232Th, 226Ra and 40K in Nassarawa, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
U. Rilwan ◽  
I. Umar ◽  
A. Z. Ngari ◽  
H. A. Abdullahi ◽  
H. O. Aboh
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
High Radiation ◽  
Hazard Indices ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Exposure ◽  
Mean Concentration

This study assessed gamma radiation from 232Th, 226Ra and 40K. Twelve soil samples collected from the study area were analyzed using Nal (TI) detector. Mean concentration for 40K, 232Th and 226Ra were found to be 483.97±7.32 Bq/kg, 28.43±5.30 Bq/kgS and 66.84±2.02 Bq/kg respectively. Absorbed Dose Rate ranged from 44.85 nGy/h to 90.71 nGy/h with a mean of 73.68 nGy/h. Effective Dose Rate ranged from 0.055 to 0.111 msv/yr with a mean of 0.090 mSv/y. The Internal and External Hazard Indices ranged from 0.271 to 0.533 Bq/kg with the mean of 0.435 Bq/kg and 0.289 to 0.675 Bq/kg with the mean of 0.512 Bq/kg respectively. It can thus be concluded that the radiation dose of the study area is minimal and seems to have low exposure for the inhabitants in and around the contaminated areas. It is therefore recommended that regular radiation monitoring exercises should be conducted on the processing sites to prevent the inhabitants of the area from high radiation exposure due to direct inhalation of finely divided particulates and dust comprised of the above-mentioned radionuclides.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Muscle Tissue of Pterois volitans from the Veracruz Reef System National Park, Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montoya-Mendoza ◽  
Alarcón-Reyes ◽  
Castañeda-Chávez ◽  
Lango-Reynoso ◽  
Zamudio-Alemán
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Pterois Volitans ◽  
Reef System ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn) were measured in the muscle of 30 specimens of Pterois volitans, captured on April 2018, in the Veracruz Reef System National Park (VRSNP), Veracruz, Mexico. Concentrations, in the samples, were quantified with atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), after microwave digestion. Results of the mean concentration, in descending order were V = 7.3 ± 0.7; Pb = 0.66 ± 0.07; Zn = 0.43 ± 0.14; and Cd = 0.03 ± 0.01 mg kg−¹ dry weight. These values did not exceeded limits established in the Mexican National Standard (NOM-242-SSA1-2009), of Cd and Pb (0.5 mg kg–¹) wet weight. This means that consumption of lionfish from this site does not pose a potential risk for human health.

scholarly journals FactSage Modelling of Pb and Ni Speciation in Surface Water from Woji Creek, Rivers State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
Millicent U. Ibezim-Ezeani ◽  
Owhonda C. Ihunwo
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rivers State ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Metallic Species

The present study is designed to use FactSage version 7.3 to simulate and predict the ionic speciation of lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) in surface water sampled from Woji creek in Rivers State, Nigeria. Along the 3 km stretch (stations 1 to 5) of Woji creek, in-situ records were taken for temperature, pH and electrode potential (Eh); surface water samples to be assessed for Pb and Ni were collected in sterile bottles. Along the creek, surface water Eh is in the order: station 2 > station 4 > station 5 > station 3 = station 1, with mean value of Eh as 140 ± 20 mV. Surface water pH was close to neutral, and in line with: station 4 > station 2 > station 5 > station 1 > station 3; with 6.81 ± 0.13 as the mean value of pH. The trend of temperature values was recorded as: station 1 > station 2 = station 3 = station 4 > station 5; with the mean value deduced to be 25.6 ± 0.4. Mean concentration of Pb and Ni across the creek were 0.92 ± 0.27 mg/l and 0.46 ± 0.23 mg/l respectively. Pb species exists predominantly in the forms: Pb6(OH)84+(aq) (45%), Pb4(OH)44+(aq) (45%). Other forms of Pb present in the surface water are PbO(s) (5%), PbO2(s) (4%) and Pb2+(aq) (1%). NiO(s) had the highest proportion of Ni in the surface water (67%), followed by Ni(OH)2(s) (30%) and Ni2+(aq) (3%). The predicted metallic species could possibly be sorbet to particulates; thereby increase their chances of bioavailability and subsequent ingestion by fishes and other aquatic organisms. This will in turn influence their bioaccumulation via food chain and increase the tendency of risk impact on man and aquatic ecosystem.

Total mercury concentrations in sand flathead, Platycephalus bassensis Cuvier & Valenciennes, from Port Phillip Bay, Victoria

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Fabris ◽  
C Monahan ◽  
G Nicholson ◽  
TI Walker
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Total Mercury ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Axial Muscle ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Total mercury concentrations were measured in the axial muscle tissues of 562 sand flathead (Platycephalus bassensis) from a total of 37 sites within Port Phillip Bay, Victoria. Mean concentrations of mercury (0.23 �0.18�g g-1 wet weight) were less than half (P<0.05) of those recorded for this species during 1975-78 and below the Victorian health standard for fish and fish products (i.e. less than a mean concentration of 0.5 �g g-1 wet weight) at all 37 sites. During the 1975-78 period, mercury concentrations in sand flathead from the bay were reported to decrease from north to south and from east to west. During 1990, however, mercury concentrations were found to be related to the water depth at which the fish were sampled. Sand flathead from the deeper (22 m) waters of the bay had significantly (P<0.05) higher mean mercury concentrations than did those collected from shallower (7 m) waters. The overall mean mercury concentration in sand flathead from the bay during 1990 approached the mean concentration in sand flathead collected from six sites in Bass Strait (0.22 �g g-1) during 1975-78, although the range of concentrations for the Port Phillip Bay samples (0.01- 0.89 �g g-1) was wider than that for the Bass Strait samples (0.1-0.33 �g g-1).

Radioimmunoassay of bile acids in tissue, bile, and urine.

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
H J Wildgrube ◽  
H Stockhausen ◽  
P Metz ◽  
G Mauritz ◽  
R Mahdawi
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Cholic Acid ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Two commercially available (Abbott Labs.) radioimmunoassays for determination of conjugated cholic acid and sulfoglycolithocholic acid in serum have been modified for bile acid measurements in alcoholic tissue extracts, bile, and urine. The specificity of both radioimmunoassays has been determined with regard to 27 free and conjugated bile acids. After filtration, bile acids can be measured in urine and bile without prior extraction. Tissue is homogenized and the bile acids are extracted into methanol. Urinary excretion by 64 healthy humans was 2.09 (SD 1.09) mumol of conjugated cholic acid and 8.44 (SD 8.03) mumol of sulfated glycolithocholic acid per 24 h. In liver from 10 patients with various noncholestatic liver disease, the mean concentration of conjugated cholic acid was 32.4 (SD 15.9) nmol/g wet weight. In the liver of 27 male Wistar rats, the concentration of conjugated cholic acid was 41.3 (SD 11.7) nmol/g of tissue, of sulfoglycolithocholic acid 5.1 (SD 2.3) nmol/g of tissue.

Accumulation of 210Po by spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), elephant fish (Callorhinchus milii) and red gurnard (Chelodonichthys kumu) in New Zealand shelf waters

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Bellamy ◽  
Keith A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Radioactive Decay ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
Spiny Dogfish ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Concentration Factors

Concentrations of the natural radionuclide 210Po in the livers of 81 individual specimens of three fish species collected from waters of the Otago continental shelf, New Zealand, have been measured: spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), 4·2 ± 1·8 Bq kg-1 wet weight (mean ± standard deviation, n = 48); elephant fish (Callorhinchus milii), 136 ± 39 Bq kg-1 (n = 7); and red gurnard (Chelodonichthys kumu), 38 ± 13 Bq kg-1 (n = 26). Separate measurements showed that only a negligible fraction of the 210Po was supported by decay of the 210Pb parent (210Po/210Pb activity ratios were 15, 134 and 5·9 respectively for the three species), indicating that direct uptake of 210Po into the liver balances losses from excretion and radioactive decay. The radiation dose from 210Po in the livers accounted for between 88% and 99% of the total internal absorbed dose received by the fish species. The activity of 210Po in sea water from the study area was 0·9–2·2 mBq L-1, yielding concentration factors for 210Po in liver tissue in the range 3 × 103 to 100 × 103. No significant monophasic relationships were observed between the 210Po results and the measured concentrations of the elements Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb, except that Pb and 210Po were correlated (r = 0·511) in C. kumu.

Mesotocin and luteal function in macropodid marsupials

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Curlewis ◽  
M. B. Renfree ◽  
E. L. Sheldrick ◽  
A. P. F. Flint
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Pituitary glands and corpora lutea collected at various stages of the reproductive cycle of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), were extracted and fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and specific radioimmunoassays were used to measure mesotocin ([Ile8]-oxytocin) and oxytocin. Mesotocin, but not oxytocin, was identified in extracts of pituitary; the mean concentration of mesotocin in this tissue was 0·75 nmol/g wet weight. Neither mesotocin nor oxytocin was detected in extracts of corpus luteum. In female Bennett's wallabies passively immunized against mesotocin during seasonal reproductive quiescence, there was no significant effect on peripheral progesterone concentrations and there were no births, matings or changes in vaginal smears in the 2 months following treatment. Thus mesotocin is unlikely to act as a systemic luteostatic agent during seasonal quiescence. J. Endocr. (1988) 117, 367–372

DISTRIBUTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS E2 AND F2α WITHIN THE FOETOPLACENTAL UNIT THROUGHOUT HUMAN PREGNANCY

1976 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVE A. WILLMAN ◽  
W. P. COLLINS
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Prostaglandins E2 And F2α

SUMMARY The concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and F2α have been measured by radioimmunoassay in portions of cord, placenta, amnion, chorion, decidua and myometrium. The samples were obtained at defined periods of pregnancy, and the results have been compared with those obtained from the analyses of endometrial and myometrial tissue removed from women during the secretory phase of a menstrual cycle. The results showed that during pregnancy the mean concentration of prostaglandin E2 was higher (27–518%) than the corresponding value for prostaglandin F2α in all tissues. At term the concentration of prostaglandin E2 (ng/100 mg wet weight of tissue, mean ± S.D.) was higher in the umbilical cord 5·54 ± 0·88), decidua (4·02 ± 1·78) and myometrium (4·19 ± 1·06), than in the amnion (2·25 ± 1·27), chorion (1·64 ± 0·63) or placenta (1·04 ± 0·25). During labour there was a significant rise (P < 0·0005, Student's `t' test) in the concentration in decidua (10·76 ± 4·45), and to a lesser extent (P < 0·05) in the myometrium (5·84 ± 2·65) and amnion (4·77 ± 2·51). The overall concentration in decidua during the first trimester (3·09± 1·02) was significantly lower (P < 0·005) than in endometrial tissue (16·82 ± 10·13). The concentration was lower in myometrial tissue from non-pregnant subjects (2·90 ± 2·21), than in the corresponding tissue removed at term (4·19 ± 1·06) or during labour (5·84 ± 2·65). The results for prostaglandin F2α showed a similar pattern, but the values were significantly lower in the umbilical cord, and the percentage changes in concentration in the decidua and myometrium were of a higher magnitude.

scholarly journals Toxic metals in the warty crab in the southern Black Sea: Assessment of human health risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
L. Bat ◽  
E. Arici ◽  
A. Öztekin ◽  
F. Şahin
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

The present study was performed to assess Cd, Pb, and Hg contaminations and human health risk in the warty crab Eriphia verrucosa (Forskål, 1775) in Akliman shores of Sinop Peninsula of the Black Sea. Heavy metals analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Among studied toxic metals, Pb had the highest mean concentration in E. verrucosa. The highest mean concentration of Pb (0.2 mg per kg of wet weight) was observed in male samples of the warty crab. However, higher concentrations of Cd and Hg (0.11 and 0.019 mg per kg of wet weight, respectively) were observed in females of E. verrucosa. The mean Cd values found in the warty crabs were higher in May and June than those in July and August. On the other hand, Pb values were recorded in July and August. The mean Hg values were not different between months except July and August for male samples of E. verrucosa. Foraging seasons of these crabs are different, which can lead to differences in prey size and ultimately metals intake. However, the results show that a toxic heavy metal concentration in edible tissues of crab from the southern Black Sea was within the permissible limits given by national and international food codices. Target hazard quotient (THQ) for each metal and hazard index (HI) were calculated to evaluate non-carcinogenic human health risks. Estimated THQs of Cd, Pb, and Hg suggest that these metals in the warty crab do not pose any apparent threat to humans, when the HI value is below the value of 1. The result of the analysis has shown that the warty crab E. verrucosa can be used as bioindicator as it contains variable levels of the metals observed. Since consumption is the main source of heavy metal intake by humans, monitoring studies are needed to protect public health and take preventive measures.

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