Mesotocin and luteal function in macropodid marsupials

1988 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Curlewis ◽  
M. B. Renfree ◽  
E. L. Sheldrick ◽  
A. P. F. Flint
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Pituitary glands and corpora lutea collected at various stages of the reproductive cycle of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), were extracted and fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography, and specific radioimmunoassays were used to measure mesotocin ([Ile8]-oxytocin) and oxytocin. Mesotocin, but not oxytocin, was identified in extracts of pituitary; the mean concentration of mesotocin in this tissue was 0·75 nmol/g wet weight. Neither mesotocin nor oxytocin was detected in extracts of corpus luteum. In female Bennett's wallabies passively immunized against mesotocin during seasonal reproductive quiescence, there was no significant effect on peripheral progesterone concentrations and there were no births, matings or changes in vaginal smears in the 2 months following treatment. Thus mesotocin is unlikely to act as a systemic luteostatic agent during seasonal quiescence. J. Endocr. (1988) 117, 367–372

Biochemical studies of intrauterine components of the tammar wallaby Macropus eugenii during pregnancy

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 325-338
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Thornber ◽  
Marilyn B. Renfree ◽  
Gregory I. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Wet Weight

The in vitro uptake and incorporation of [3H]ui idine by blastocysts of the tammar wallaby showed a 16- and 30-fold increase from day 0 to day 10 after removal of pouch young, respectively. Two of the six non-expanded blastocysts recovered on day 5 showed a tenfold increase in incorporation. During the first ten days after removal of pouch young the diameter of the blastocyst increased threefold. Endometrial exudate from gravid uteri had a higher protein concentration than exudate from nongravid uteri (39·5 ± 0·9 and 32·0 ± 2·0 mg/ml (mean ± s.e.m.), respectively). Endometrial exudates from uteri where the blastocyst was actively growing were found to contain six uterine-specific proteins. These were separated by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two of the proteins were pre-albumins and the others were larger molecules (M.W. 153000–670000). Two proteins were only present at particular stages of pregnancy: the other four were present at all stages from diapause to birth, in exudate from gravid and nongravid uteri. The specific binding of progesterone and androstenedione to proteins in endometrial exudates or uterine flushings from pregnant wallabies was less than one per cent of the value obtained from day-5 pregnant rabbits. The ability of mouse blastocysts to take up and incorporate [3H]uridine into acidinsoluble material increased threefold in the presence of day-10 endometrial exudates from wallabies. However, this was less than ten percent of the values obtained in the presence of bovine serum albumin. The concentration of calcium in endometrial exudates increased from 23·6 to 45·2 μg/ml during pregnancy; in endometrium it remained at 88·7 μg/g (wet weight) throughout pregnancy, and in plasma it was 53·3 μg/ml. The concentration of zinc in endometrial exudates was 4·5 μg/ml; in endometrium it decreased from 21·8 to 13·3 μg/g (wet weight) during pregnancy and in plasma it was 0·6 μg/ml.

PROLACTIN RECEPTORS IN THE MAMMARY GLAND, CORPUS LUTEUM AND OTHER TISSUES OF THE TAMMAR WALLABY, MACROPUS EUGENII

1979 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. SERNIA ◽  
C. H. TYNDALE-BISCOE
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Breeding Cycle ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

SUMMARY Specific binding of radio-iodinated ovine prolactin to subcellular tissue fractions of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) was investigated. Specific binding was found, in order of decreasing binding activity, in the lactating mammary gland, corpus luteum, corpus albicans, adrenal gland and ovary. Specific binding was absent in kidney, liver, brain and inactive mammary gland. The mean association constant (Ka at 23 °C) was determined as 0·90 × 109, 2·20 × 109, 2·44 × 109, 3·38 × 109 and 10·98 × 1091/mol for mammary gland, adrenal, corpus albicans, corpus luteum and ovary respectively. The mean receptor concentration (N) varied from 92·87 × 10−14 mol/mg protein for the mammary gland to 1·03 × 10−14 mol/mg protein for the ovary. The concentration in the corpus luteum varied between tissue pools collected at different times of the annual breeding cycle. The specificity for prolactin was shown in the mammary gland and corpus luteum by the failure of ovine FSH, LH, GH and TSH to displace 125I-labelled ovine prolactin, whereas it was displaced readily by both ovine and bovine prolactin.

Regional differences in catecholamine concentrations in bovine ovaries analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Denning-Kendall ◽  
M. L. Wild ◽  
Wathes D. C.
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT Bovine corpora lutea and ovarian stroma were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for catecholamine content. High concentrations (up to 102 nmol/g wet weight) were found in both 'central' stroma, containing many blood vessels, and 'peripheral' stroma. Central stroma contained noradrenaline and some dopamine, whereas peripheral stroma contained a higher proportion of dopamine and also significant amounts of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Occasional samples of stroma had very high amounts of dopamine, suggesting that it is stored in specific regions. Corpora lutea, although devoid of direct innervation, contained dopamine (up to 5·3 nmol/g) and noradrenaline (up to 1·2 nmol/g). The average dopamine: noradrenaline molar ratio was 1·19 : 1 and the concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline were highly correlated (P < 0·002). The concentration of dopamine was significantly higher in the early luteal phase of the oestrous cycle than during the rest of the cycle or in pregnancy. The levels of noradrenaline and dopamine present in corpora lutea are sufficient to modulate the production of both oxytocin and progesterone by luteal cells in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 221–226

Leukotriene B4 and late asthmatic reactions induced by toluene diisocyanate

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1576-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zocca ◽  
L. M. Fabbri ◽  
P. Boschetto ◽  
M. Plebani ◽  
M. Masiero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
The Third ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Asthmatic Reaction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Asthmatic Reaction ◽  
Mean Concentration

We investigated whether leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is released from the lungs of sensitized subjects during asthmatic reactions induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI). We examined three groups of TDI-sensitized subjects, one after no exposure to TDI, the second 8 h after an exposure to TDI that caused an early asthmatic reaction, and the third 8 h after an exposure to TDI that caused a late asthmatic reaction. We analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and by specific radioimmunoassay. The mean concentration of LTB4 was higher [0.31 +/- 0.09 (SE) ng/ml, range 0.15-0.51] in BAL fluid of sensitized subjects who developed a late asthmatic reaction than in BAL fluid of subjects who developed an early asthmatic reaction (0.05 +/- 0.04 ng/ml, range 0-0.224), and no LTB4 was detectable in the control subjects. We also performed BAL 8 h after TDI exposure on four TDI-sensitized late-dual reactors who were on steroid treatment. In this group of subjects no LTB4 was detectable. These results suggest that LTB4 may be involved in late asthmatic reactions induced by TDI.

scholarly journals Influence of donor age on development of gonadal tissue from pouch young of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, after cryopreservation and xenografting into mice

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 143-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Mattiske ◽  
G Shaw ◽  
JM Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Antral Follicles ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Timing Of Onset

Ovaries from a marsupial, the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii), were grafted into a eutherian recipient at known stages of development to ascertain whether normal development would occur. Xenografted ovaries from pouch young < 20 days old, before the onset of meiosis, retained few germ cells and developed tubule-like structures reminiscent of seminiferous cords. Ovaries from 50-day-old pouch young, which contain primordial follicles, developed into antral follicles and corpora lutea within the eutherian host, and produced hormones that stimulated the reproductive tract of the host. The timing of onset of antrum formation and the progress of follicle development were advanced relative to the timing of events in ovaries in situ. Frozen-thawed ovaries from 50-day-old donors developed into preantral follicles, but at a reduced rate and number. This finding shows that gonads of a marsupial species can develop as xenografts in a eutherian, forming large antral follicles. Accelerated follicular development in xenografts provides a potentially valuable model for studying the factors that control follicle development. Assisted reproduction of endangered marsupials may also be feasible using follicles from pouch young grown as xenografts in a eutherian host.

scholarly journals A Limited Survey of Aflatoxins and Zearalenone in Feed and Feed Ingredients from Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1798-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAHZAD ZAFAR IQBAL ◽  
MUHAMMAD RAFIQUE ASI ◽  
SONIA NISAR ◽  
KHALID MAHMOOD ZIA ◽  
SELAMAT JINAP ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Cotton Seed Meal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Feed Samples

ABSTRACT This work presents current information on the presence of aflatoxins (AFs) and zearalenone (ZEN) in feed and feed ingredients from Punjab, Pakistan. The 105 samples tested were concentrated feed, i.e., cotton seed meal (18 samples) and soybean meal (14), and feed ingredients, i.e., crushed corn (17), crushed wheat (15), barley (17). and poultry feed (24). Samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. Analysis revealed that 69 of 105 samples were contaminated with AFs, and the highest mean concentrations of AFB1 (6.20 μg/kg) and total AFs (9.30 μg/kg) were found in poultry feed samples. The mean total AF concentrations ranged from the limit of quantification to 165.5 μg/kg. However, 75 of the 105 samples were positive for ZEN. The highest mean concentration (19.45 μg/kg) was found in poultry feed samples. The mean ZEN concentrations were 0.15 to 145.30 μg/kg. The prevalence of AFs and ZEN was high in feed and feed ingredients and needs urgent attention.

SERUM FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE, LUTEINIZING HORMONE AND PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN PSEUDOPREGNANT RATS TREATED WITH MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. DE GREEF ◽  
J. DULLAART ◽  
G. H. ZEILMAKER
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY Pseudopregnant rats were treated early in pseudopregnancy with 1 or 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Serum FSH, LH and progesterone concentrations were determined on days 2–20 of pseudopregnancy in treated and control rats. The mean duration of pseudopregnancy was 13·5 days in the control animals, but when animals were treated with 1 mg MPA a dioestrous period of 21·4 days was observed. A period with leucocytic vaginal smears of at least 2 months was observed after treatment with 10 mg MPA. Injection with MPA on day 3 of pseudopregnancy did not affect the serum FSH concentrations during the subsequent days. The progesterone pattern was alike in the three groups of animals, i.e. the duration of the activity of the corpora lutea was similar in all groups. However, 10 mg MPA slightly lowered progesterone concentrations on days 4–8 of pseudopregnancy. In the saline-treated rats, LH concentrations decreased from days 2–5, and remained low until they increased after day 11 of pseudopregnancy. This increase was delayed until day 20 in the animals treated with 1 mg MPA, and was not observed in the animals treated with 10 mg MPA. It is argued that the increase of LH concentration at the end of pseudopregnancy is not instrumental in the decrease of peripheral progesterone concentration but rather that the decrease in the progesterone concentration leads to the increase in the LH concentration.

Increased production of sheep embryos following superovulation of Merino ewes with a combination of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and follicle stimulating hormone

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Ryan ◽  
JR Hunton ◽  
WM Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Embryo Recovery ◽  
Designed Experiment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

In a factorially designed experiment (N = 321), 0, 800 or 1600 I.U. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) were administered in combination with 0, 12 or 18 mg follicle stimulating hormone (FSH-P) to superovulate Merino ewes in autumn and spring. A moderate dose of PMSG (800 I.U.) in conjunction with 12 or 18 mg FSH-P increased the ovulation rate above that observed when FSH-P was used alone. This was accomplished by (i) increasing the proportion of ewes that exhibited a superovulatory response (greater than 3 corpora lutea (CL) or persistent large follicles (LF): 69/70 (99%) v. 55/74 (74%), P less than 0.001), and (ii) in those ewes that exhibited a superovulatory response, by an additive effect of exogenous gonadotrophin (14.8 +/- 0.9 CL (69) v. 11.3 +/- 0.9 CL (55), P less than 0.01) without increasing the incidence of LF. The use of 1600 I.U. PMSG in conjunction with 12 or 18 mg FSH-P was characterized by an increase in the number of LF and, in comparison with 800 I.U. PMSG, a reduction in ovulation rate. Season had no effect on the numbers of CL, but total ovarian response (CL + LF) was higher in autumn than in spring (P less than 0.01), because of a greater incidence of LF (P less than 0.001). The proportion of ewes with regressed CL was higher in autumn than in spring (53/143 (37%) v. 32/156 (21%), P less than 0.01), and increased with increased dose of gonadotrophin. Furthermore, a nutritional component to the incidence of ewes with regressed CL was suggested by the observation that the mean concentration of plasma glucose was higher for ewes with normal CL than for ewes with regressed CL (P less than 0.05). Rates of ova or embryo recovery, fertilization and embryo development generally declined with an increase in the incidence of LF as a result of increases in the dose of gonadotrophin and season of administration.

scholarly journals BISPHENOL A DETECTION IN PACKAGED DRINKING WATER AND BEVERAGES USING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Neha P. Sangai ◽  
◽  
Himanshu A. Pandya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Background: Bisphenol A is characterized as an endocrine disruptor as it interferes with the synthesis of hormones and metabolism resulting in abnormality in the homeostatis of exposed persons. It is used in the production of polycarbonate and epoxy resins which are utilized in the preparation of almost all plastic packaging materials like plastic bottles, cans, food containers, and coating on food containers. Objective: To detect leaching of Bisphenol A in 15 samples of Bottled water and Beverages using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Methods: Liquid-liquid extraction technique was used for analytical detection of BPA from bottled drinking water and beverages. Results: BPA contamination in Bottled drinking water was calculated through mean concentration for a time period of 30 days as (0.38 ng/ml - 0 day), 8.86 ng/ml (5th day), 17.85 ng/ml (10th day), 30.35 ng/ml (20th day) and 44.48 ng/ml (30th day)). The mean concentration of BPA was observed to be 0.25 to 2.25 ng/ml. Also, the mean concentration of BPA at different temperatures was observed to be 5.96 ng/ml (at 40C), 5.62 ng/ml (at 200C) and 8.80 ng/ml (at 550C). The above results revealed presence of high concentration of BPA in all the samples of bottled drinking water and beverages. Conclusion: The results obtained in the above study depicted considerable amount of BPA leaching from bottled containers into drinking water and beverages. Prolong usage of bottled water and beverages should be avoided to reduce the risk of human exposure to BPA through leaching. Also, it was found that high temperatures resulted in increased BPA leaching.

Temporal aspects of feeding events in tammar (Macropus eugenii) and parma (Macropus parma) wallabies. I. Food acquisition and oral processing

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Lentle ◽  
I. D. Hume ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
M. Kennedy ◽  
B. P. Springett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Food Acquisition ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oral Processing ◽  
Free Ranging

We studied parameters that influence the efficiency of food acquisition and oral processing in the tammar wallaby (a grazer) and the parma wallaby (a grazer/browser), both in captivity and under free range on Kawau Island, New Zealand.In captivity, both species spent less time feeding per gram of dry matter intake when browsing than when grazing, and there were no significant differences between the species with respect to the rates of feeding per gram of dry matter intake of a given food. However, under free-ranging conditions, tammar wallabies spent longer feeding than did parma wallabies, so it was likely that tammar wallabies spent more time grazing than browsing. Differences in the relationships between feeding event and inter-feed interval duration in captive and free-ranging wallabies indicated that feeding behaviour was influenced by different factors in the two situations.Microtemporal analysis of the chewing sounds of free-ranging tammar and parma wallabies showed that the interval between the first and second sounds in a 'run' of chewing sounds was longer than that between subsequent intervals, indicating that there was a time cost associated with food aquisition. However, as there were no significant differences between the two wallaby species, either in the mean duration of 'runs' of chewing sounds within feeding events or in the mean duration of whole feeding events, this cost was similar for grazing and browsing. Chewing characteristics differed from those of larger (eutherian) herbivores in that the numbers of chews in a run were not randomly distributed, both species having a preponderance of runs with seven chews. Whilst, the intervals between the second and subsequent chewing sounds in a run did not vary in a periodic manner, such as would occur in batch processing of food, they were more prolonged in runs with more chewing sounds and were significantly longer in tammar wallabies than in parma wallabies. Thus, the slower rate of oral processing of grass was likely due to a generally slower rate of chewing when grazing than when browsing.

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