scholarly journals The Relativistic Electromagnetic Equations in a Material Medium

1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Field Tensor ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
The Real ◽  
Vector Density ◽  
Material Medium ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Density Equation ◽  
Complex Components

It is shown how the general relativistic electromagnetic equations for a material medium can be expressed in the form of a single four-vector density equation. The field tensor has six different complex components instead of three, as in the case of a, free medium. The classical equations are obtained by separating the real and imaginary parts.

A Simplified Form of the Relativistic Electromagnetic Equations

1952 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 423 ◽  
Author(s):  
NW Taylor
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Field Tensor ◽  
The Real ◽  
Vector Density ◽  
Density Equation ◽  
Simplified Form ◽  
Complex Components

It is shown how Maxwell's electromagnetic equations in General Relativity may be expressed in the form of a single four-vector density equation, in which the field tensor has only three distinct complex components. The number of equations is reduced, but all the usual classical formulae may be obtained by separating the real and imaginary parts.

scholarly journals Identification of Dissociation Factors in Pancreatic Cancer using a Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Lingming Kong ◽  
Keke Liang ◽  
Yunhao Wu ◽  
Haoyi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
The Real ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Medium Group

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system. This secretome of pancreatic cancer is key to its progression and metastasis. In this study, different protein pretreatment methods were used to analyze the secretome, furthermore to identify dissociation factors in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer cells were cultured in serum-containing or serum-free medium, and the corresponding supernatants were extracted as samples. Subsequently, the above samples were separated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and peptide segments were identified by LC-MS/MS. The final results were identified via the hamster secreted protein database and a public database. Although the number of identified proteins in the serum-free medium group was high, the real secretion of proteins in pancreatic cancer cells was changed. There were six significant secreted proteins in the serum-containing medium group. Survival analysis via the TCGA database suggested that patients with higher expression levels of YWHAG showed a worse overall survival rate than those with lower YWHAG expression. YWHAG could be used as a prognostic indicator for pancreatic cancer. Finally, the results in the serum-containing medium group were more similar to the real secretome of pancreatic cancer cells, and the results might be used to identify biomarkers in liquid biopsy.

scholarly journals Identification of Dissociation Factors in Pancreatic Cancer using a Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Lingming Kong ◽  
Keke Liang ◽  
Yunhao Wu ◽  
Haoyi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
The Real ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Medium Group

Abstract Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system. This secretome of pancreatic cancer is key to its progression and metastasis. In this study, different protein pretreatment methods were used to analyze the secretome, furthermore to identify dissociation factors in pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer cells were cultured in serum-containing or serum-free medium, and the corresponding supernatants were extracted as samples. Subsequently, the above samples were separated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and peptide segments were identified by LC-MS/MS. The final results were identified via the hamster secreted protein database and a public database. Although the number of identified proteins in the serum-free medium group was high, the real secretion of proteins in pancreatic cancer cells was changed. There were six significant secreted proteins in the serum-containing medium group. Survival analysis via the TCGA database suggested that patients with higher expression levels of YWHAG showed a worse overall survival rate than those with lower YWHAG expression. YWHAG could be used as a prognostic indicator for pancreatic cancer. Finally, the results in the serum-containing medium group were more similar to the real secretome of pancreatic cancer cells, and the results might be used to identify biomarkers in liquid biopsy.

A static spherically symmetric solution of the Einstein—Maxwell—Yukawa field equations

1962 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Field Tensor ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Relativistic Field ◽  
Metric Tensor ◽  
Spherically Symmetric Solution ◽  
Electromagnetic Field Tensor ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Image Position

The general relativistic field equations for regions of space containing electromagnetic fields but no matter are,where,and κ = 8ΠG/c4 is the gravitational constant. Here giκ is the metric tensor and Fiκ is the electromagnetic field tensor which satisfies Maxwell's equations ifand,where Ai is the electromagnetic four-potential.

scholarly journals Identification of Dissociation Factors in Pancreatic Cancer using a Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Lingming Kong ◽  
Keke Liang ◽  
Yunhao Wu ◽  
Haoyi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Protein Database ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
The Real ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells ◽  
Medium Group

Abstract Backgroud Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor of the digestive system. This secretome of pancreatic cancer is key to its progression and metastasis. But different methods of protein extraction affect the final results. In other words, the real secretion of proteins in cancer cells has been changed. Based on mass spectrometry, we analyze the secretome from the serum-containing and serum-free medium, using different protein pretreatment methods. This study aims to identify dissociation factors in pancreatic cancer. Methods In this study, pancreatic cancer cells were cultured in serum-containing or serum-free medium, and the corresponding supernatants were extracted as samples. Subsequently, the above samples were separated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and peptide segments were identified by LC-MS/MS. The final results were identified via the hamster secreted protein database and a public database. Results Although the number of identified proteins in the serum-free medium group was high, the real secretion of proteins in pancreatic cancer cells was changed. There were six significant secreted proteins in the serum-containing medium group. Survival analysis via the TCGA database suggested that patients with higher expression levels of YWHAG showed a worse overall survival rate than those with lower YWHAG expression. Conclusions Our study demonstrated the results in the serum-containing medium group were more similar to the real secretome of pancreatic cancer cells. YWHAG could be used as a prognostic indicator for pancreatic cancer.

Exogeneous factors are not necessary in attachment, spreading and polarization of hela cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
W. Liebrich
Keyword(s):  
Hela Cells ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Serum Free Medium ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Minimum Essential Medium ◽  
Serum Free ◽  
All Solutions ◽  
Glass Support

HeLa cells were grown for 2-3 days in EAGLE'S minimum essential medium with 10% calf serum (S-MEM; Seromed, München) and then incubated for 24 hours in serum free medium (MEM). After detaching the cells with a solution of 0. 14 % EDTA and 0. 07 % trypsin (Difco, 1 : 250) they were suspended in various solutions (S-MEM = control, MEM, buffered salt solutions with or without Me++ions, 0. 9 % NaCl solution) and allowed to settle on glass tube slips (Leighton-tubes). After 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 1 45, 60 minutes 2, 3, 4, 5 hours cells were prepared for scanning electron microscopy as described by Paweletz and Schroeter. The preparations were examined in a Jeol SEM (JSM-U3) at 25 KV without tilting.The suspended spherical HeLa cells are able to adhere to the glass support in all solutions. The rate of attachment, however, is faster in solutions without serum than in the control. The latter is in agreement with the findings of other authors.

Scanning electron microscopy of human iliac bone by a simple preparation method

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
Toshihiko Takita ◽  
Tomonori Naguro ◽  
Toshio Kameie ◽  
Akihiro Iino ◽  
Kichizo Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Real Surface ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
The Real ◽  
Simple Preparation ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently with the increase in advanced age population, the osteoporosis becomes the object of public attention in the field of orthopedics. The surface topography of the bone by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is one of the most useful means to study the bone metabolism, that is considered to make clear the mechanism of the osteoporosis. Until today many specimen preparation methods for SEM have been reported. They are roughly classified into two; the anorganic preparation and the simple preparation. The former is suitable for observing mineralization, but has the demerit that the real surface of the bone can not be observed and, moreover, the samples prepared by this method are extremely fragile especially in the case of osteoporosis. On the other hand, the latter has the merit that the real information of the bone surface can be obtained, though it is difficult to recognize the functional situation of the bone.

Personal Audio System: Hearing Symptoms, Habits, and Sound Pressure Levels Measured in Real Ear and a Manikin

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2016-2026
Author(s):  
Tamara R. Almeida ◽  
Clayton H. Rocha ◽  
Camila M. Rabelo ◽  
Raquel F. Gomes ◽  
Ivone F. Neves-Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
Audio System

Purpose The aims of this study were to characterize hearing symptoms, habits, and sound pressure levels (SPLs) of personal audio system (PAS) used by young adults; estimate the risk of developing hearing loss and assess whether instructions given to users led to behavioral changes; and propose recommendations for PAS users. Method A cross-sectional study was performed in 50 subjects with normal hearing. Procedures included questionnaire and measurement of PAS SPLs (real ear and manikin) through the users' own headphones and devices while they listened to four songs. After 1 year, 30 subjects answered questions about their usage habits. For the statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, Lin and Spearman coefficients, the chi-square test, and logistic regression were used. Results Most subjects listened to music every day, usually in noisy environments. Sixty percent of the subjects reported hearing symptoms after using a PAS. Substantial variability in the equivalent music listening level (Leq) was noted ( M = 84.7 dBA; min = 65.1 dBA, max = 97.5 dBA). A significant difference was found only in the 4-kHz band when comparing the real-ear and manikin techniques. Based on the Leq, 38% of the individuals exceeded the maximum daily time allowance. Comparison of the subjects according to the maximum allowed daily exposure time revealed a higher number of hearing complaints from people with greater exposure. After 1 year, 43% of the subjects reduced their usage time, and 70% reduced the volume. A volume not exceeding 80% was recommended, and at this volume, the maximum usage time should be 160 min. Conclusions The habit of listening to music at high intensities on a daily basis seems to cause hearing symptoms, even in individuals with normal hearing. The real-ear and manikin techniques produced similar results. Providing instructions on this topic combined with measuring PAS SPLs may be an appropriate strategy for raising the awareness of people who are at risk. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12431435

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