Membrane Interface of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum - Glycine max Symbiosis: Peribacteroid Units From Soyabean Nodules

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
DA Day ◽  
GD Price ◽  
MK Udvardi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Membrane Interface ◽  
Peribacteroid Membrane ◽  
Literature Evidence ◽  
Peribacteroid Space ◽  
Ion Movements

A method for preparing intact peribacteroid units from soybean nodules is described in detail. The polypeptide compositions of the peribacteroid membrane and peribacteroid space contents are described, and the properties of these compartments are discussed In the hght of recent literature. Evidence is presented that the peribacteroid membrane is permeable to succinate and malate but not to sucrose and glutamate. A dicarboxylate transporter on the peribacteroid membrane, which is capable of transporting malate and succinate at rates sufficient to support measured nitrogenase activity, is described The properties of an ATPase found on the peribacteroid membrane are also described and compared to those described in other reports This ATPase is able to catalyse energisation of the peribacteroid membrane in an uncoupler and vanadate-sensitive manner and may play an important role in the regulation of ion movements across the membrane.

Phage coating of soybean seed reduces nodulation by indigenous soil bradyrhizobia

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1264-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Abdel Basit ◽  
J. Scott Angle ◽  
S. Salem ◽  
E. M. Gewaily
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Nodule Occupancy ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Inoculum Strain ◽  
Plant Basis

Inoculation of soybean with Bradyrhizobium japonicum is often unsuccessful owing to the failure of inoculum strains to nodulate soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in the presence of indigenous strains of rhizobia in soil. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to reduce nodulation with indigenous strains of rhizobia by amending the soil with a bacteriophage specific for the indigenous strain. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the coating of seed with phage affected nodule occupancy and soybean growth. A phage specific for B. japonicum USDA 469 and a symbiotically superior strain of rhizobium (B. japonicum USDA 110) were coated together onto soybean seed and planted into both greenhouse and field soil previously inoculated with B. japonicum USDA 469. The phage coated onto seed reduced nodulation by B. japonicum USDA 469 to 48% occupancy, compared with 64% for the untreated control value. Nodulation by the superior inoculum strain was increased from 48 to 82% occupancy by coating seed with the homologous phage and B. japonicum USDA 110. The rate of nitrogenase activity (on a per plant basis) was increased by coating seed with the phage and B. japonicum USDA 110. No other plant or symbiotic parameters were affected by phage coating of seed. These results indicate that the nodulation of soybeans can be significantly affected by the coating of seed with phage specific for undesirable strains of rhizobia in soil and the concurrent coating of seed with desirable strains of rhizobia. Key words: competition, rhizobiophage, rhizobia, soybeans.

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Transcriptional Profiling of Bradyrhizobium japonicum during Chemoautotrophic Growth

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (20) ◽  
pp. 6697-6705 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Franck ◽  
Woo-Suk Chang ◽  
Jing Qiu ◽  
Masayuki Sugawara ◽  
Michael J. Sadowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Isocitrate Lyase ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Glyoxylate Cycle ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Essential Components

ABSTRACT Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a facultative chemoautotroph capable of utilizing hydrogen gas as an electron donor in a respiratory chain terminated by oxygen to provide energy for cellular processes and carbon dioxide assimilation via a reductive pentose phosphate pathway. A transcriptomic analysis of B. japonicum cultured chemoautotrophically identified 1,485 transcripts, representing 17.5% of the genome, as differentially expressed when compared to heterotrophic cultures. Genetic determinants required for hydrogen utilization and carbon fixation, including the uptake hydrogenase system and components of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, were strongly induced in chemoautotrophically cultured cells. A putative isocitrate lyase (aceA; blr2455) was among the most strongly upregulated genes, suggesting a role for the glyoxylate cycle during chemoautotrophic growth. Addition of arabinose to chemoautotrophic cultures of B. japonicum did not significantly alter transcript profiles. Furthermore, a subset of nitrogen fixation genes was moderately induced during chemoautotrophic growth. In order to specifically address the role of isocitrate lyase and nitrogenase in chemoautotrophic growth, we cultured aceA, nifD, and nifH mutants under chemoautotrophic conditions. Growth of each mutant was similar to that of the wild type, indicating that the glyoxylate bypass and nitrogenase activity are not essential components of chemoautotrophy in B. japonicum.

scholarly journals Nodulation efficacy of Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculant strain WB74 on soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) is affected by several limiting factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
pp. 2069-2076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idris Hassen Ahmed ◽  
L. Bopape Francina ◽  
H. Rong Isabella ◽  
Seane Galaletsang
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Inoculant Strain ◽  
Glycine Max L

scholarly journals Diversidad de los rizobios que nodulan la soja en los suelos de la Pampa húmeda e identificación de cepas para la fabricación de inoculantes comerciales

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Graciela N. Pastorino
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Glycine Max L

Las labores culturales, provocan modificaciones de las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos. Estas se clasifican en: labranza convencional, labranza vertical y siembra directa. Cada tecnología de manejo genera estreses a los que las poblaciones microbianas se adaptan, como resultado de cambios morfológicos, fisiológicos y genéticos. La inoculación de la soja (Glycine max [L.] Merr) es una tecnología que se introdujo en la Argentina junto con el cultivo y por ello los inoculantes fueron el vehículo de ingreso de las cepas exóticas de Bradyrhizobium, que una vez incorporadas al suelo, se adaptaron y establecieron dando origen a las poblaciones de rizobios naturalizadas. Lo que condujo a generar diversidad a nivel del genoma de los bradyrizobios. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad de los simbiontes de soja que se encuentran en la población del suelo y el rol que cumple como recurso en la selección de cepas para la producción comercial de inoculantes. Se evaluaron dos muestras de suelo que durante los últimos 8 años fueron trabajados con siembra directa (SD) y con labranza convencional (LC). Se realizó el recuento y aislamiento de rizobios. Los aislados se caracterizaron fisiológica y genéticamente. La diversidad se evaluó mediante la amplificación de las secuencias BOX A1R. Se seleccionaron 52 aislados que se identificaron amplificando las regiones RSα y nifD y la secuenciación del fragmento ITS 16S - 23S rDNA. El recuento de rizobios mostró que en el suelo bajo SD y antecesor soja la población fue mayor que en la muestra de suelo bajo LC y antecesor maíz. La caracterización fisiológica de 200 aislados reflejó que los suelos LC contuvieron un mayor número de cepas tolerantes a salinidad y alta temperatura. Además un porcentaje mayor de aislados del suelo LC, respecto del suelo bajo SD, resultó con capacidad de sobrevivencia sobre semilla superior a la cepa control E109. Los aislados además presentaron diferencias en la nodulación y fijación de nitrógeno, en la tolerancia a glifosato y en la producción de ácido indol acético (AIA). Sólo un aislado mostró capacidad de solubilización de fósforo. El análisis del dendrograma generado con los fingerprints BOX A1R, mostró que hay mayor diversidad en los suelos bajo SD. Sobre los 52 aislados analizados en base a la secuencia del ITS se encontró que el 70 % son Bradyrhizobium japonicum y 30 % B. elkanii. Se identificaron 4 aislados que comparten características genéticas de ambas especies de Bradyrhizobium. En esta tesis se confirmó que en los suelos con historia de cultivo de soja, manejados bajo distintos sistemas de labranzas, se indujeron cambios a nivel del genoma de las cepas de rizobios que contribuyó a modificar la diversidad de la población. Las poblaciones naturalizadas son un recurso para la identificación de rizobios con características superiores para la fabricación de inoculantes, sin embargo es necesario profundizar las evaluaciones de la supervivencia, tolerancia, competitividad y promoción del crecimiento vegetal de rizobios naturalizados para emplearlos como bioinoculantes.

Impact of elevated CO2 on carbohydrate and ureide concentrations in soybean inoculated with different strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annick Bertrand ◽  
Danielle Prévost ◽  
Christine Juge ◽  
François-P. Chalifour
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Selection Of

Elevated CO2 increases soybean growth and photosynthesis, and the resulting additional supply of photosynthates stimulates nodule activity. To characterize its biochemical response to both CO2 and bradyrhizobial strains, soybean inoculated with three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was grown in growth chambers under ambient (400 µmol·mol–1) or elevated (800 µmol·mol–1) CO2. Soluble sugars were generally more abundant in leaves and nodules under elevated CO2, while starch and pinitol were depleted, indicating that additional photosynthates were rapidly used, in particular for nodule growth (dry mass increased by 65%). Ureides (allantoin and allantoic acid) increased under elevated CO2 in leaves, while this increase was not significant in nodules. The indigenous strain 12NS14 induced the highest ureides concentration in nodules under elevated CO2 along with the highest nitrogenase activity and increase in shoot dry mass, indicating a positive-feedback stimulation: soybean mobilized energy reserves to support more nodules, and in return nodules synthesized more ureides to support plant growth. In contrast, the commercial strain 532c resulted in the highest ureide concentrations in leaves, coupled with the lowest nitrogenase activity and nodules yield, suggesting a feedback inhibition of nodule activity. Our results show that selection of B. japonicum strains better adapted to elevated CO2 could improve soybean performance.

INFLUENCE OF SINGLE STRAINS AND A COMMERCIAL MIXTURE OF Bradyrhizobium japonicum ON GROWTH, NITROGEN ACCUMULATION AND NODULATION OF TWO EARLY-MATURING SOYBEAN CULTIVARS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Glycine Max L

Seven single strains and a commercial mixture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum were evaluated in association with two early-maturing Canadian soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivars, Maple Presto and Maple Amber. Inoculated and uninoculated plants were grown in pails outdoors. Soil temperature at 15 cm depth was monitored throughout the experiment. At the V2, V3, R2 and R4 growth stages, whole plants were removed from the pails. Nodules were counted and weighed; roots and tops were separated, weighed and analyzed for total nitrogen. Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains 61A148, 61A196, 61A194 and 61A155 were similar in effectiveness, but superior to strains 61A124a, 61A118b, 61A101c and the commercial mixture in earliness of nodule formation, number and weight of nodules per plant, and in promoting greater root and top growth and plant nitrogen accumulation. There were indications that soil temperature may have affected nodulation. Maple Amber showed the greater potential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. This cultivar supported earlier nodulation, had a greater number of nodules, accumulated more nitrogen in the tops and roots and had greater growth than Maple Presto.Key words: Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, soil temperature, soybean growth stages, Bradyrhizobium, nodulation

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