Transpiration Ratio and Plant Mineral Content Are Related Among Genotypes of a Range of Species

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 709 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Masle ◽  
GD Farquhar ◽  
SC Wong
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Content ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Hordeum Spontaneum ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
C3 Species ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between transpiration ratio (R, ratio of water transpired to carbon fixed) or cabon isotopic discrimination (Δ) and leaf dry-matter mineral content (m) was examined within several C3 species including monocot and dicotyledonous species (Triticum aestivum, Hordeum spontaneum, Helianthus annuus and Nicotiana tabacum) and the C4 species, Sorghum bicolor. In all species, whether grown in the glasshouse or in the field, m was positively correlated to R; consistently, m was positively correlated to Δ in the C3 species, and negatively in sorghum. These genetic correlations between transpiration ratio and mineral content contrast with the absence of such a relationship when variations of R were environmentally induced by changes of atmospheric humidity or carbon dioxide concentration. In those circumstances, and consistent with earlier reports, ash content or its major constituents were remarkably stable and insensitive to a doubling or more of R. The genetic relationships shown in the present study are to some extent brought about by variations in assimilation and transpiration rates per se (i.e. passive mineral uptake), but the data indicate that they involve other quantitatively more important mechanisms, some of which may be related to the control of leaf water content. With the exception of Hordeum spontaneum, potassium was the element contributing the most to the relationship between R, or Δ, and mineral content. Depending on the species other elements showed a significant correlation with R or Δ. Further experiments are needed to unravel the nature of the genetic association between R and m. Meanwhile plant mineral content may be a useful criterion in selection programs to improve transpiration efficiency since its correlation with R was not much lower than that of carbon isotope discrimination.

Bone mineral content and fatigue failure of lumbar motion segments in simulated flexed lifting: Does specimen age influence the relationship?

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Gallagher ◽  
William S. Marras ◽  
Alan S. Litsky ◽  
Deborah Burr
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lumbar Motion

scholarly journals The Positive Relationship between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Content Is Not Mediated by Free Leptin Index in Prepubertal Children: The PANIC Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5365
Author(s):  
Annie M. Constable ◽  
Josie E. Porter ◽  
Danielle Benger ◽  
Dimitris Vlachopoulos ◽  
Alan R. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, mediated the relationship between accelerometer-measured MVPA and TBLH BMC measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: MVPA had a positive controlled direct effect on TBLH BMC in girls and boys (β = 0.010 to 0.011, p < 0.05). There was no mediation or interaction between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC in girls or boys (β = −0.000 to 0.001, p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our study indicates that MVPA positively influences TBLH BMC through pathways not related to free leptin index in predominantly normal-weight prepubertal children, likely primarily through mechanical loading. The relationships between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC may be influenced by other factors such as pubertal status and adiposity, so it is unknown whether these observations extend to overweight and obese children at different stages of puberty.

The relationship between the swelling of cortical bone and its mineral content

1980 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Harold Lipshitz ◽  
J. Lawrence Katz
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
The Relationship

An analysis of the variation in the lean tissue distribution of sheep

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Sire Breed

ABSTRACTThe distribution of lean tissue between eight standard joints was examined in 956 crossbred lambs slaughtered at constant live weights of either 35 or 40 kg. The sire breeds used were the Dorset Down, Ile-de-France, Oldenburg, Oxford, Suffolk and Texel. Sire breed did not have a significant effect on the proportion of total carcass lean found in the higher-priced joints but did show significant differences in the proportion of total carcass lean found in individual joints, with a maximum difference of 7·7 g total lean per kg joint being recorded. Similarly, small but significant effects due to ewe age (1 to 3 years), rearing type (single, twin, triplet), sex (male castrate, female) and weight of total lean were reported for the proportion of total carcass lean found in different joints.Heritability estimates ranged from 0·07 (s.e. 008) to 0·65 (s.e. 0·16) for the proportion of total lean in the best-end neck and higher-priced joints respectively. Phenotypic standard deviations of 5·8g/kg and 17·9g/kg were reported for the proportion of total lean found in the best-end neck and the higher-priced joints respectively. The genetic correlations between the proportion of total lean in each of the higher-priced joints and the proportion of total lean in the higher-priced joints combined were positive. A genetic correlation of 017 (s.e. 0·20) was found for the relationship between average daily gain from birth to slaughter and the proportion of total lean in the higher-priced joints.

Abstract P615: Stress-Induced Changes in Total Bone Mineral Content and Total Bone Mineral Density due to Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System in Adolescent Females

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajeeth Pasham ◽  
Deborah Stewart ◽  
Laura Carbone ◽  
Gregory A Harshfield
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Total Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Total Bone Mineral Content ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Previous literature has shown a strong negative effect of angiotensin II (ANGII) on bone metabolism within mouse models. Additionally, psychological stress has been associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Stress has also been related to lower total bone mineral density (TBMD). However, there is controversy in the literature examining the relationship between the RAAS and bone metabolism within humans and stress has not been considered as a direct link between these systems. Purpose: We aimed to examine the relationship between stress-induced RAAS activation and TBMD and total bone mineral content (TBMC). Methods: Participants were placed on a sodium controlled diet for three days. Participants then underwent two hours rest, one hour mental stressor, and two hours recovery with hourly collections of blood/urine samples. Renin, ANGII, aldosterone, TBMD and TBMC were measured. Results: This study recruited 586 adolescents (mean age 16±1.116) with 51% women and 62% African-American and 38% Caucasian. Overall, relationships were observed between ANGII and aldosterone, and TBMC and TBMD controlling for age, race, and BMI. During stress, aldosterone was related to TBMD (r=-.150, p<0.05) and ANGII was related to TBMC (r=-.156, p<0.05) and TBMD (r=-.139, p<0.05). When comparing males and females, only females demonstrated a relationship between TBMC and ANGII in response to stress (stress: r=-.229, p<0.05; post-stress: r=-.277, p<0.01) and between aldosterone and TBMC (stress: r=-.199, p<0.05) and TBMD (stress: r=-.250, p<0.01). Renin was not significantly correlated with TBMD nor TBMC in any population. Conclusion/Interpretations: These data suggest that stress-induced RAAS activation may be associated with lower TBMD and TBMC in girls. Despite small correlations, consistency across multiple measures of RAAS activation being apparent in adolescents is significant. This observation may indicate that stress activation of RAAS contributes to bone remodeling in early life.

scholarly journals Relationships between longevity and conformation traits in Czech Fleckvieh cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 385-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zavadilová ◽  
E. Němcová ◽  
M. Štípková ◽  
J. Bouška
Keyword(s):  
Variance Component ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Variance Component Estimation ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Zero Correlation ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Component Estimation

The relationships between conformation and longevity traits were analysed in 58 493 Czech Fleckvieh cows first calved from 1994 to 2003. All cows were scored for conformation during the first lactation. Genetic correlations between longevity and conformation traits were estimated by bivariate runs using the VCE 4.0 program for variance component estimation. The values of heritability for conformation traits were in the range from 0.06 to 0.63 and for longevity traits from 0.04 to 0.05. Low or intermediate genetic relationships between recorded linear traits and longevity trait were found. The correlations were lower for functional longevity. Body measurements showed negative genetic correlations with real as well as functional longevity (–0.12 to –0.29). The dairy character negatively correlated with longevity traits (–0.18 to –0.26). The muscularity and udder showed a zero correlation with functional longevity, while the feet and legs were not correlated with real longevity. The highest positive genetic correlations between real longevity and objectively scored linear type traits were found for hock (0.24), rear udder attachment (0.28), fore udder length (0.16) and central ligament (0.11). On the contrary, the correlation between the udder depth and the milk-corrected longevity was positive (0.28) and higher than in the case of real longevity.

New evidence on the relationship between Microsporidia and Fungi: a genome-wide analysis by DarkHorse software

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Xiang ◽  
Ruizhi Zhang ◽  
David De Koeyer ◽  
Guoqing Pan ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites that infect a wide variety of species, including humans. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a relationship between the Microsporidia and the Fungi. However, most results are based on the analysis of relatively few genes. DarkHorse analysis involves the transformation of BLAST results into a lineage probability index (LPI) value and allows for the comparison of genes for an entire genome with those of other genomes. Thus, we can see which genes from the microsporidia score most closely based on the LPI with other eukaryotic organisms. In this analysis, we calculated the LPI for each gene from the genomes of 7 Microsporidia, Antonospora locustae, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Nosema bombycis, Nosema ceranae, and Nematocida parisii, to analyze the genetic relationships between Microsporidia and other species. It was found that many (91%) genes were most closely correlated with genes from other microsporidial genomes and had the highest mean LPI (0.985), indicating a monophyletic origin of the Microsporidia. In a subsequent analysis, we excluded the other Microsporidia from the analysis to look for relationships before the divergence of Microsporidia, and found that 43% of the microsporidial genes scored highest with fungal genes, and a higher mean LPI was found with Fungi than with other kingdoms, suggesting that Microsporidia is closely related to Fungi at the genomic level. Microsporidial genes were functionally clustered based on the KOG (Eukaryotic COG) database, and the possible lineages for each gene family were discussed in concert with the DarkHorse results.

Maternal body composition in seedstock herds. 4. Genetic parameters for body composition of Angus and Hereford cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Donoghue ◽  
S. J. Lee ◽  
P. F. Parnell ◽  
W. S. Pitchford
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Life Traits ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Over Time

The genetics of body composition traits measured before calving and at weaning in the first and second parities were evaluated in 5975 Angus and 1785 Hereford cows. Traits measured were liveweight, body condition score and hip height and ultrasound scanned measurements of subcutaneous P8 and 12/13th rib fat depth, loin eye muscle area and intramuscular fat percentage. Corresponding yearling measures on these animals were obtained for analyses of relationships between yearling information with later-in-life traits. There was moderate genetic variation in all body composition traits measured at pre-calving and weaning in Angus (h2 = 0.14–0.59) and Hereford (h2 = 0.14–0.64) cows. Genetic correlations between measurements of the same trait at pre-calving and weaning were consistently positive and high in both parities for both breeds, indicating animals were ranking similarly for the same trait measured over time. Genetic correlations between measurements of different traits were generally consistent over time (pre-calving and weaning) in both breeds, indicating genetic relationships between traits were not changing significantly over time. Genetic correlations with corresponding yearling measures of body composition were consistently positive and high for the first parity, and lower for the second parity. The results of this study indicate that genetic improvement in body composition traits in cows is possible, and that body composition information recorded at yearling age is a reasonably good predictor of later in life performance for these traits.

Physiological responses of semiarid grasses. IV.* Photosynthetic rates of Thyridolepis mitchelliana and Cenchrus ciliaris leaves

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
EK Christie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Chloroplast Structure ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Poor ◽  
C4 Species ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Photosynthesis response curves of mulga and buffel grasses to irradiance and to carbon dioxide concentration, together with studies of leaf anatomy and chloroplast structure, showed that the former was a C3 and the latter a C4 species. This is held to account for the large differences in growth rate between the two species. Although Mitchell grass has the anatomy of a C4 species, its photosynthetic responses were not examined. As its net assimilation rate is high at high temperatures, its generally low growth rates are associated with the poor development of its leaf surface. *Part III, Aust. J. Aguic. Res., 26: 447 (1975).

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