scholarly journals 311 CATTLE SEX REGULATION BY SEPARATION OF X AND Y SPERMATOZOA PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF FIELD EXPERIMENT IN POLAND

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 306
Author(s):  
Z. Smorag ◽  
M. Bochenek ◽  
J. Pilch
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Fort Collins ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Sex Regulation ◽  
Average Fertility

The only reliable and relatively fast method of sex regulation in cattle is X and Y sperm high-speed sorting by flow cytometry. In October 2003 a field experiment started in Poland. The aim of the experiment was to examine the efficiency of sperm sexing and the fertility rate in field conditions. The semen of three Holstein bulls was used for the experiment. The semen was sexed and frozen according to modified XY, Inc. (Fort Collins, CO, USA) method. Only the X-fraction of spermatozoa was sorted and frozen. Sexing was performed at a speed of 15–20 × 106 spermatozoa/h and frozen in doses of 2.5 × 106 spermatozoa/straw. Progressive motility of spermatozoa was 90–95% immediately after sorting and 50–70% after freezeing/thawing for all three bulls. The X-fraction sorting purity was checked by re-analysis and it ranged from 90% to 96%. In total, 316 inseminations at 10 farms were performed up to June 2004. Fertility data of 178 inseminations were collected by ultrasonographic (USG) examination during the same time. Average fertility rate was 37.08%. However, significant variations of fertility rates were observed between farms: it ranged from 22.22% to 84.21%. Four calves, all females, were born after insemination with the X-fraction until June 2004. The experiment will continue.

scholarly journals Tracing Mathematical Function of Age Specific Fertility Rate in Peninsular Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Norsyela Muhammad Noor Mathivanan ◽  
Puzziawati Ab Ghani ◽  
Nor Azura Md.Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Fertility Schedule ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Fertility Data

<p>The size, structure, and composition of a population are affected by the fertility rates at any point of time. Many researchers took the opportunity to exploit the fertility rates in obtaining better fertility patterns for their country. The curve for the age specific fertility rate is consistent, and this feature allows the curve to be matched with a mathematical model. This paper aimed to identify the best mathematical model that fits the recent age specific fertility rate in Peninsular Malaysia. This study fitted the fertility data of Peninsular Malaysia from 1996 to 2014 to the four mathematical models, which were Hadwiger, Gamma, Beta, and Gompertz models. From the comparisons of the four models, it was found that the best fitted mathematical model is Hadwiger model. In relation to the data of early 21st century, there was an inclination for the best fitted mathematical model from Hadwiger model to Beta model. Hence, the best mathematical model for each year can be used to convert a fertility schedule classified in a five-year age group into a fertility schedule for a single-year of age in Peninsular Malaysia. This model also can be helpful for population projections by using limited and defective data. </p>

254 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY OF SPERM AND BULL FERTILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
E. Memili
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Early Embryonic Development ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Bull fertility, the ability of the spermatozoon to fertilize and activate the egg as well as support early embryonic development, is crucial for efficient production of cattle. With the major advances in fundamental science of reproduction, such as genomics, and in biotechnology, such as assisted reproductive technologies, bull influence on herd production has been accentuated. In addition to providing half of the genome for the zygote, sperm also contribute proteins, transcripts, and epigenetic traits that play important roles in sperm physiology, fertilization, and early embryonic development. Recently, using sperm from Holstein bulls with different in vivo fertility data, we have demonstrated that sperm Protamine 1 protein and a panel of microRNA are associated with bull fertility. In addition, molecular and cellular biology experiments on the analyses of sperm nuclear proteins showed that bull sperm have significant levels of histones that are also associated with bull fertility. This presentation will convey the results of most relevant research on discovery of sperm biomolecular markers associated with semen quality and bull fertility. Because of the available field data in bull fertility and the physiological similarities between bovine and other mammals, research results stemming from the systems biology of bull fertility are applicable to other species as well.

scholarly journals Fertility rates and the postponement of first births: a descriptive study with Finnish population data

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e026336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Roustaei ◽  
Sari Räisänen ◽  
Mika Gissler ◽  
Seppo Heinonen
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
First Birth ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesWe described the trend of fertility rates, age-specific fertility rates and associated factors in Finland over a 30-year period.DesignA descriptive population-based register study.SettingFertility data, including age at first birth, childlessness and educational levels were gathered from the Finnish Medical Birth Register and Statistics Finland.ParticipantsAll 1 792 792 live births from 1987 to 2016 in Finland.Main outcome measuresCompleted fertility rate, total fertility rate and age-specific fertility rate.ResultsThe total fertility rate of Finnish women fluctuated substantially from 1987 to 2016. Since 2010, the total fertility rate has gradually declined and reached the lowest during the study period in 2016: 1.57 children per woman. The mean maternal age at first birth rose by 2.5 years from 26.5 years in 1987 to 29 years in 2016. The proportion of childless women at the age of 50 years increased from 13.6% in 1989 to 19.6% in 2016. By considering the impact of postponement and childlessness, the effect on total fertility rates was between −0.01 and −0.12 points. Since 1987, the distribution of birth has declined for women under the age of 29 and increased for women aged 30 or more. However, start of childbearing after the age of 30 years was related to the completed fertility rate of less than two children per woman. The difference in completed fertility rate across educational groups was small.ConclusionsPostponement of first births was followed by decline in completed fertility rate. Increasing rate of childlessness, besides the mean age at first birth, was an important determinant for declined fertility rates, but the relation between women’s educational levels and the completed fertility rate was relatively weak.

scholarly journals A New Transmission Theory of “Global Dynamic Wrap Angle” for Friction Hoist Combining Suspended and Wrapped Wire Rope

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Yongbo Guo ◽  
Dekun Zhang ◽  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Dagang Wang ◽  
Songquan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Boundary Point ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Mechanical State ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Global Dynamic ◽  
Wrap Angle ◽  
Mine Hoist ◽  
Kinetics Of

A new transmission theory of “global dynamic wrap angle” for friction hoist is proposed. The theory is based on a mine hoist simulation model which combines the suspended rope with the wrapped rope. Rope dynamics in a suspended section are verified by the field experiment results. The theory holds that the mechanical state of wire rope is dynamic through the whole wrap angle, including deformation, contact and friction. When the rope enters the wrap angle, it provides positive friction and changes direction at a certain boundary point. The demarcation of the boundary depends on the rope load on both sides of the friction pulley. The theory is suitable for accurately analyzing the kinetics of high-speed and heavy-load friction hoisting.

A fast method for frequency and time domain simulation of high-speed VLSI interconnects

1994 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 2562-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sanaie ◽  
E. Chiprout ◽  
M.S. Nakhla ◽  
Q.J. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Time Domain Simulation ◽  
Vlsi Interconnects

A Fast Method for Identifying Parallel Plate Field Domains in High Speed PCBs and IC Packages

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 380-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanghong Tang ◽  
Tao Su ◽  
Jiayuan Fang ◽  
Jiansheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Plate ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Fast Method

A Method of Tool Breakage Detection in CNC High-Speed Milling

2011 ◽  
Vol 138-139 ◽  
pp. 598-603
Author(s):  
Qi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tool Condition Monitoring ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
High Speed Machining ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Tool Breakage ◽  
High Speed Milling ◽  
Motor Current ◽  
Tool Condition

Tool condition monitoring, mainly tool breakagedetection for high-speed machining (HSM), is an importantproblem to solve; however, the techniques or types ofsensors applied in other research projects present certaininconveniences. In order to improve tool breakage monitoringsystems, a simple, effective, and fast method ispresented herein. This method is based on the discretewavelet transform (DWT) and statistical methodologies.The effectiveness of the method is based on the measurementsof the feed-motor current signals using inexpensivesensors. It is well-known that during the cutting process,the motor current is related to the tool condition.

scholarly journals Application of Proteomics to Identify Fertility Markers in Angus Bull Sperm

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Naseer A. Kutchy ◽  
Sule Dogan ◽  
Xiaojun Wang ◽  
Einko Topper ◽  
Abdullah Kaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Experimental Population ◽  
Sperm Proteins ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Bioinformatics Software ◽  
Canonical Pathways ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Holstein Bulls ◽  
Bull Sperm

The goal of the study was to ascertain sperm proteins as fertility markers by identifying sperm proteins in Angus bull sperm using proteomics and validate the markers through comparative sperm biology between Angus and Holstein bulls for which there is reliable fertility data available. We aimed to determine proteins differentially expressed in sperm from Angus bulls with different fertility phenotypes. Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis with mass-spectrometry, functional gene clusters, canonical pathways and protein networks, using integrated discovery bioinformatics software and ingenuity pathway analysis were used to identify and analyze sperm proteome. We identified 80 proteins that were differentially expressed in sperm of our experimental population. Using computational biology approaches we demonstrated involvement of structural proteins such as outer dense fiber of sperm tails 2 and enzymes including kinases, and phosphatases having functions in essential pathways in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and free scavenging. The results are significant because analyzed proteins in Angus sperm are determinants of fertility, gene-environment interactions, as well as potential biomarkers for animal breeding.

scholarly journals Fertility dynamics and reproductive behaviour of men and women entering into marriage in the Republic of Bashkortostan

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Yana A. Skryabina
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behaviour ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Reproduction Rate ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Reproductive Intentions ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic

The article is devoted to the analysis of the fertility rate dynamics in the Republic of Bashkortostan and the study of the reproductive behaviour of the population entering into a registered marriage. The author examines the crude and total fertility rates, the net population reproduction rate, the total fertility rate by the order of births, as well as age-specific fertility rates. In addition, basing on the data of population surveys, the author regards reproductive intentions of citizens applying for marriage in the registry office, as well as reasons that may prevent them from having a child. The study shows that the Republic of Bashkortostan is characterized by a low fertility rate; the generation of children does not replace the generation of parents. The reproductive intentions of the respondents measured by the desired and expected number of children correspond to the small (two-child) family model. Among the main reasons that can prevent the birth of a child, the first two are financial and housing difficulties, and third is the desire to live for oneself for a while.

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